共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Over the last decade, terrestrial laser scanning and digital terrestrial photogrammetry techniques have been increasingly used in the geometrical characterization of rock slopes. These techniques provide innovative remote sensing tools which overcome the frequent problem of rock slope inaccessibility. Comprehensive datasets characterizing the structural geological setting and geometry of the slopes can be obtained. The derived information is very useful in rock slope investigations and finds application in a wide variety of geotechnical and mine operations. In this research an integrated remote sensing – GIS approach is proposed for the deterministic kinematic characterization of the Lorano open pit in the Apuan Alps of Italy. Based on the results of geomatic and engineering geological surveys, additional geomechanical analysis using a 3D finite difference method will be presented in order to provide a better understanding of the role of stress-induced damage on slope performance. 相似文献
2.
Stability analysis of the 2007 Chehalis lake landslide based on long-range terrestrial photogrammetry and airborne LiDAR data 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Marc-André Brideau Matthieu Sturzenegger Doug Stead Michel Jaboyedoff Martin Lawrence Nicholas J. Roberts Brent C. Ward Thomas H. Millard John J. Clague 《Landslides》2012,9(1):75-91
On December 4th 2007, a 3-Mm3 landslide occurred along the northwestern shore of Chehalis Lake. The initiation zone is located at the intersection of the
main valley slope and the northern sidewall of a prominent gully. The slope failure caused a displacement wave that ran up
to 38 m on the opposite shore of the lake. The landslide is temporally associated with a rain-on-snow meteorological event
which is thought to have triggered it. This paper describes the Chehalis Lake landslide and presents a comparison of discontinuity
orientation datasets obtained using three techniques: field measurements, terrestrial photogrammetric 3D models and an airborne
LiDAR digital elevation model to describe the orientation and characteristics of the five discontinuity sets present. The
discontinuity orientation data are used to perform kinematic, surface wedge limit equilibrium and three-dimensional distinct
element analyses. The kinematic and surface wedge analyses suggest that the location of the slope failure (intersection of
the valley slope and a gully wall) has facilitated the development of the unstable rock mass which initiated as a planar sliding
failure. Results from the three-dimensional distinct element analyses suggest that the presence, orientation and high persistence
of a discontinuity set dipping obliquely to the slope were critical to the development of the landslide and led to a failure
mechanism dominated by planar sliding. The three-dimensional distinct element modelling also suggests that the presence of
a steeply dipping discontinuity set striking perpendicular to the slope and associated with a fault exerted a significant
control on the volume and extent of the failed rock mass but not on the overall stability of the slope. 相似文献
3.
James N. Otoo Norbert H. Maerz Xialing Li Ye Duan 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(3):543-554
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) scanners are increasingly being used to measure discontinuity orientations on rock cuts to eliminate the bias and hazards of manual measurements which are also time consuming and somewhat subjective. Typically LiDAR data sets (point clouds) are analyzed by sophisticated algorithms that break down when conditions are not ideal, for example when some of the discontinuities are obscured by vegetation, or when significant portions of the rock face are composed of fractured facets, weathering generated surfaces, or anything that should not be identified as a discontinuity for the purposes of slope stability analysis. This paper presents a simple LiDAR point cloud viewer that allows the user to view the point cloud, identify discontinuities, pick three points on the surface (plane) of each discontinuity, and generate discontinuity orientations using the three-point method. Additionally, a test of our 3-D LiDAR viewer for discontinuity orientations on rock cuts in the United States of America and Canada is presented. 相似文献
4.
Bias Correction for View-limited Lidar Scanning of Rock Outcrops for Structural Characterization 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Matthew J. Lato Mark S. Diederichs D. Jean Hutchinson 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2010,43(5):615-628
Lidar is a remote sensing technology that uses time-of-flight and line-of-sight to calculate the accurate locations of physical
objects in a known space (the known space is in relation to the scanner). The resultant point-cloud data can be used to virtually
identify and measure geomechanical data such as joint set orientations, spacing and roughness. The line-of-sight property
of static Lidar scanners results in occluded (hidden) zones in the point-cloud and significant quantifiable bias when analyzing
the data generated from a single scanning location. While the use of multiple scanning locations and orientations, with merging
of aligned (registered) scans, is recommended, practical limitations often limit setup to a single location or a consistent
orientation with respect to the slope and rock structure. Such setups require correction for measurement bias. Recent advancements
in Lidar scanning and processing technology have facilitated the routine use of Lidar data for geotechnical investigation.
Current developments in static scanning have lead to large datasets and generated the need for automated bias correction methods.
In addition to the traditional bias correction due to outcrop or scanline orientation, this paper presents a methodology for
correction of measurement bias due to the orientation of a discrete discontinuity surface with respect to the line-of-sight
of the Lidar scanner and for occlusion. Bias can be mathematically minimized from the analyzed discontinuity orientation data. 相似文献
5.
Rock face diagnosis is a monitoring operation that is used to optimize rock-risk treatment works in terms of ensuring that safety requirements are met at the lowest cost. Diagnoses require measuring the location and orientation of rock discontinuities at the surface of the rock mass. These measurements are then entered into a structural model that extrapolates the data collected at the surface to the inner part of the rock mass. Currently, most surveys are empirical and are carried out manually using a compass-clinometer. In addition, they tend to examine only the most highly fractured area of a rock face, even though safety considerations demand an exhaustive study of the whole face. These deficiencies can be overcome by using dense 3D measurement techniques such as terrestrial laser scanning and optical imaging to obtain a more complete 3D model and structural statement. Hence, we have developed a semi-automatic process that allows 3D models to be combined with the results of field surveys in order to provide more precise analyses of rock faces, for example, by classifying rock discontinuities into subsets according to their orientation. Further research is being carried out in order to combine 3D data and 2D digital images as a support for structural survey. Trials carried out in a limestone quarry in the French Alps allowed us to compare data sets obtained using manual surveying methods, the well-known laser scanning method and the lower-cost photogrammetric survey method. 相似文献
6.
Thomas J. Jackson 《Hydrogeology Journal》2002,10(1):40-51
Remote sensing provides information on the land surface. Therefore, linkages must be established if these data are to be
used in groundwater and recharge analyses. Keys to this process are the use of remote sensing techniques that provide information
on soil moisture and water-balance models that tie these observations to the recharge. Microwave remote sensing techniques
are used to map the spatial domain of surface soil moisture and to monitor its temporal dynamics, information that cannot
be measured using other techniques. The physical basis of this approach is presented with examples of how microwave remote
sensing is utilized in groundwater recharge and related studies.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
7.
为满足全国边海防地区经济建设与国防建设对地质信息的需求,自2011年起,中国地质调查局国土资源航空物探遥感中心(简称航遥中心)联合全国相关地调中心与省级地质调查研究院、行业地质调查部门、高等院校和边海防地区国防建设应用与研究等24家单位,利用遥感技术快速获取了东北、西北、西南和南海三沙等边海防重点地区95万km2基础地质、工程地质、水文地质、矿产地质以及地质灾害等9类地质专题信息,编制了32类1:5万与1:25万服务于经济建设和国防建设的地质应用专题图件,形成了边海防地区遥感地质调查技术体系、共享数据库和应用成果,解决了边海防地区地质调查工作难点问题,创新了军民融合地质调查方式。该文围绕“全国边海防地区基础地质遥感调查”的目标任务,阐述了实施的技术路线和取得的成果,并对未来的工作进行了展望。 相似文献
8.
先进星载热发射和反射辐射仪（ASTER）——地质学家的最佳选择 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
航天遥感技术的发展为地质学家提供了大量可使用的遥感数据.在这些遥感数据中,ASTER具有从可见光到热红外的较宽的波谱范围,能满足对大多数矿物、岩石划分的需要.ASTER的多波段数据除了可以用传统的数据处理方法处理之外,还可以利用高光谱的岩矿信息识别与提取技术进行数据处理,得到更精确的矿物、岩石分类结果.利用GIS评价模型处理ASTER遥感解译的蚀变岩石信息,可以得到精确的遥感异常,从而指导找矿勘查工作. 相似文献
9.
地表粗糙度参数化研究综述 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
粗糙度反映了地表的起伏程度,是许多陆面过程的关键影响因子。然而,人们对地表系统认识的不足,造成现有的各种地表粗糙度参数化方案均存在一定的问题。从地表测量技术、粗糙度相关参数和遥感研究3个方面对地表粗糙度参数化研究现状进行了综述。针式廓线法和激光廓线法是当前主流的地表测量技术,而三雏激光扫描和摄影测量技术已展示出了较大的潜力。基于统计方法和基于分形理论的粗糙度相关参数具有截然不同的物理意义,但地表复杂的多尺度特性使得很难用一类参数进行描述。光学遥感与微波遥感均具有广阔的前景,其中前者需要注意与经典粗糙度参数化方案相结合,后者则需拓展在下一代遥感平台上的技术与方法。还针对不同尺度粗糙度参数的比较与转换,地表粗糙度的空间异质性与各向异性,以及三维表面粗糙度参数化等当前地表粗糙度参数化研究中的一些关键问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
10.
针对钻孔摄像技术对结构面产状测量只限于垂直孔的现状,以钻孔孔口圆心为原点,建立空间左手直角坐标系,对倾斜孔中结构面产状的确定方法进行了详尽的阐述和推导,得出了精确的解析计算公式,并基于C#语言进行编程,开发了IDOIB软件,通过测试表明此方法及其程序的正确性.采用PVC管模拟钻孔孔壁,进行钻孔摄像技术用于结构面产状测量的可靠性试验研究,结果表明:(1)对于垂直孔,测量结果的倾向绝对误差为[-3°,4°]、倾角绝对误差为[-1.5°,1.0°],说明该技术用于垂直孔进行结构面产状测量是可靠的,能满足工程应用精度.(2)当PVC管的倾伏向为270°、倾伏角为25°时,结构面产状可靠度为0.10;倾伏向为176°、倾伏角为60°时,结构面产状可靠度为0.67.PVC管倾伏角的不同导致结构面产状可靠度的差异.(3)一般岩体工程的结构面产状测量结果应具有高等级可靠度(不小于0.8),即须在倾伏角不小于71°的钻孔内采用该技术进行测量. 相似文献
11.
J.Alan Coope 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1973,2(2):81-102
During the past 25 years, geochemical prospecting techniques have been applied in the search for porphyry copper-type mineralization in many parts of the world. This review lists several important porphyry copper deposits which were discovered, or their potential indicated, by the application of geochemical exploration methods.In addition, a discussion is presented of selected case histories and research illustrating the effectiveness of the use of stream sediments, soils, water, rock, vegetation and other sample media for porphyry copper exploration in a wide variety of environments. Continuing studies with SO2, the halogens, rhenium, mercury, precious metals, the composition of fluid inclusions and the major elements associated with alteration are expected to lead to the identification of additional new techniques which will be of value in future exploration. Gamma-ray spectrometry and infrared spectroradiometry show considerable promise for airborne or satellite survey. Other remote sensing and atmogeochemical techniques which may be applicable to the reconnaissance for porphyry copper-type mineralization are being studied or are in the development stage. Experience to date clearly indicates that geochemical methods have application at all stages in the exploration for and development of porphyry copper-type deposits. Anticipated future developments are expected to increase and improve this application. 相似文献
12.
A review of applying second-generation wavelets for noise removal from remote sensing data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ladan Ebadi Helmi Z. M. Shafri Shattri B. Mansor Ravshan Ashurov 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(6):2679-2690
The processing of remotely sensed data includes compression, noise reduction, classification, feature extraction, change detection and any improvement associated with the problems at hand. In the literature, wavelet methods have been widely used for analysing remote sensing images and signals. The second-generation of wavelets, which is designed based on a method called the lifting scheme, is almost a new version of wavelets, and its application in the remote sensing field is fresh. Although first-generation wavelets have been proven to offer effective techniques for processing remotely sensed data, second-generation wavelets are more efficient in some respects, as will be discussed later. The aim of this review paper is to examine all existing studies in the literature related to applying second-generation wavelets for denoising remote sensing data. However, to make a better understanding of the application of wavelet-based denoising methods for remote sensing data, some studies that apply first-generation wavelets are also presented. In the part of hyperspectral data, there is a focus on noise removal from vegetation spectrum. 相似文献
13.
In this study, remote sensing, field and petrographic investigation were integrated for lithological mapping of different granitic masses in Aja complex of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia. The Landsat-8 data were processed to spectrally discriminate variations within rock types using band combinations, band ratioing and principal component analysis (PCA) techniques. Results showed that band combination of the principal components could potentially distinguish the different rock units of Aja complex than any other transform. Field observations and petrographic identification were performed to validate remotely sensing data and to map different rock units. Alkali granites were accurately recorded on the peripheries of Aja Mountain. The present study demonstrates that remote sensing techniques could provide useful tools for mapping economic rock types, particularly in well-exposed arid regions. 相似文献
14.
针对传统现场接触式测量获取岩体结构面参数效率低、工作量大、结果精确性受人为因素影响等问题,本文结合数字摄影测量技术与运动法（structure from motion,SFM）进行岩体三维数字表面模型重建,并在此基础上建立了岩体结构面自动识别方法。岩体数字表面模型重建步骤主要为岩体影像资料采集,基于尺度不变特征变换（Scale-Invariant Feature Transform,SIFT）算法进行图像特征匹配、稀疏点云构建、点云稠密化以及岩体曲面模型重构。结构面识别方法流程主要为:首先平滑岩体数字表面模型;通过改变搜索半径和角度阈值实现模型平面分割;基于区域生长原理进行结构面搜索;最后基于随机采样一致性拟合结构面得到结构面产状。将该方法应用于甘肃北山地下实验巷道,实现了巷道三维数字表面模型的重建与结构面产状数据获取,最后将识别到的结构面分组表征在模型表面。与人工实地测量方法以及现有的结构面识别软件相比,本文提出的方法具有良好的准确性,可为工程应用提供一定的参考。 相似文献
15.
Assessing the existence, location, and mapping of geologic anomalies, such as fractures and cavities within soil and rock, are common to both engineering and hydrologic project needs. There are numerous measurement techniques available to detect, map, and characterize fractures and cavities. A summary of the common methods available for fracture and cavity detection and mapping are presented along with their spatial sampling capabilities. The remote sensing and geophysical methods are but a small part of this list but provide a wide range of tools to attack the problem. They include some of the most effective methods for locating and mapping fractures and cavities and cover the complete range of spatial sampling, from regional to no more than the surface of a borehole wall. An understanding of all of the tools available and their spatial sampling limitations is a necessary part of planning and carrying out an effective fracture/cavity investigation. 相似文献
16.
Slope mass rating (SMR) is a commonly used geomechanical classification for the characterization of rock slopes. SMR is computed adding to basic rock mass rating (RMR) index, calculated by characteristic values of the rock mass, several correction factors depending of the discontinuity–slope parallelism, the discontinuity dip, the relative dip between discontinuity and slope and the employed excavation method. In this work a graphical method based on the stereographic representation of the discontinuities and the slope to obtain correction parameters of the SMR (F1, F2 and F3) is presented. This method allows the SMR correction factors to be easily obtained for a simple slope or for several practical applications as linear infrastructures slopes, open pit mining or trench excavations. 相似文献
17.
河流是大陆景观最为动态化的地貌构成单元,地质学家经过长期的研究,得出了一个引人注目的假说,即古生代中期曲流河的显著发育与陆生植被的繁盛存在紧密的联系,从而导致了在陆生植被对河流沉积作用影响方面的深入研究。尽管还存在一些不同的认识和争论,陆生植被对河流沉积作用的影响,得到了越来越多的地质事实的支持。立足于前人的研究成果,从陆生植被阶段的划分以及植物在古生代早中期关键的演变事件入手,介绍植被的起源和演化与河流沉积作用尤其是河流样式演变之间的耦合关系。厘清上述科学理念的变化和进步,将有助于河流相沉积的正确解释,从而为现代和古代河流过程的进一步研究提供重要的思考线索和研究途径。更为重要的是,在地球历史长河之中,有胚植物（陆生植物）在陆生大陆景观上的古生代繁殖是最为壮观的变化之一,由此而造成的全球变化包括：（1）由于岩石风化作用和碳储存的增强,将造成的大气圈二氧化碳含量的降低;（2）晚古生代冰川作用;（3）陆生营养物径流量的增加与海洋生物的灭绝事件之间的联系等。所以,陆生植被的起源与演化对河流沉积作用的影响,就成为生物沉积作用研究的一个重要主题。 相似文献
18.
对地观测卫星遥感能够提供广泛可靠的空间信息，是洪水风险识别与动态模拟的重要支撑技术之一。为阐明卫星遥感技术对洪水研究的推动作用，回顾了洪水风险识别与动态模拟研究的发展历程及技术需求，以对地观测卫星遥感三大阶段的发展轨迹为主线，分析了遥感空间信息在洪水研究中的历史性贡献和阶段性效用，讨论总结了危险分区法、水文模型和微波遥感监测等3种洪水研究典型方法的应用进展。提出未来洪水风险识别与动态模拟研究的重点：遥感空间信息与模型算法的深度结合，遥感反演算法与系统的开发及应用，典型洪水研究方法集成系统的开发与应用，大数据方法与手段的应用。以期为提升洪水应急响应能力与灾害风险管理水平提供有效参考。 相似文献
19.
Evangelin Ramani Sujatha Thirukumaran V. 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,91(4):489-495
Linear infrastructure networks like roads play a vital role in the socio-economic development of hill towns centered on tourism. Stability of the slopes along the hill roads are therefore a major concern and slope failures lead to disruption of traffic and loss of property/life or both. This study analyses the stability of cut-slopes along the Kodaikkanal – Palani hill road in the Western Ghats, India using rock mass classification systems like rock mass rating (RMR), slope mass rating (SMR) and continuous slope mass rating (CSMR). These geomechanical classifications provide a preliminary assessment of rock quality based on rock strength, discontinuity properties, hydrogeological condition of the slopes and slope stability based on the inherent rock strength parameters, discontinuity orientation and method of excavation. The results showed that both rock quality and discontinuity orientation contribute to type of failure in rock slopes with RMR > 40. SMR results are conservative while CSMR classification is matches more closely to the failures obtained from the field survey. CSMR classification represents continuous slope stability conditions and hence are more suitable for development of spatial database. Cutting of roads, thereby, steepening slopes has a definite influence on the stability of slopes. 相似文献
20.
不同植被覆盖率地区遥感矿化蚀变提取研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从遥感图像上识别出的围岩蚀变信息往往是一种弱信息。地表植被和第四系覆盖的干扰,增加了遥感蚀变信息提取的难度。为了研究不同植被覆盖条件下的矿化蚀变信息提取方法,分别选取内蒙古西部戈壁荒漠基岩裸露区（温根地区）、中北部中覆盖草原区（达来庙地区）和东北部高覆盖森林草原区（颇格鲁山地区）,利用TM数据进行遥感蚀变信息提取方法研究,得出以下结论：在基岩裸露地区,利用比值法、主成分分析法均能较好地提取出矿化蚀变信息;在中覆盖草原区,利用掩膜对图像进行预处理,再利用主成分分析法提取矿化信息效果比较好;在高覆盖森林草原区,利用掩膜技术和抑制植被信息方法对遥感数据进行综合处理,再利用比值-主成分分析方法能够提取部分矿化蚀变信息。这些方法对今后在类似地区开展遥感蚀变信息提取工作具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献