共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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1995年天王星卫星位置观测的重新归算 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
研究改进了对自然卫星CCD图像进行定位量测处理的方法。经对天王星主要卫星CCD观测位置图像的计算处理表明位置精度有了明显提高 ,O -C的标准误差 (RMS)平均为 0 .0 7″。 相似文献
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《天文学报》2015,(6)
精确求解望远镜几何扭曲效应,有利于提高望远镜的天体测量定位精度,这对天文学的诸多学科具有十分重要的意义.为此,前人发展了一种针对密集星场抖动观测并针对观测底片迭代求解几何扭曲的自校准方法,取得了较好的效果.但是,先前的工作并未对星场的密集程度或抖动方式做进一步要求,而是经验地选择较为密集的星场和较多的抖动次数进行观测.这些经验的观测方式固然能够较好地给出几何扭曲,但有时会占用较多的望远镜观测时间导致效率较低.首先介绍了上述求解望远镜几何扭曲的一般方法;通过仿真模拟,对上述方法的有效性做评估,同时对该方法要求的星场密度和抖动次数等条件做进一步优化;最后,针对实际应用中几何扭曲改正后的定位精度与视场参考星数量的关系也做了进一步的仿真和分析. 相似文献
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《天文研究与技术》2017,(3)
在地面望远镜观测土星主要卫星的精确定位中,目前普遍采用CCD成像技术。为了测量视场中暗卫星的位置,常采用4颗主要卫星(土卫三-土卫六)进行定标。鉴于技术的进步,目前CCD视场正在逐步增加,如何精确定标图像值得研究。利用2010年1月20日在云南天文台1 m望远镜上观测的不同取向的105幅CCD图像进行了试验研究。采用了美国喷气推进实验室土星主要卫星历表和美国海军天文台的UCAC4恒星星表进行计算,相对于不同的参考对象进行定标。结果表明,采用4颗主要卫星进行定标并测量离卫星较近的观测对象时具有较好的测量准确度和内部精度。测量离定标星较远的卫星时,这种定标方法具有较大的不确定性。采用6颗主要卫星(土卫三-土卫八)进行定标,所有卫星的测量结果具有更好的外部和内部符合。即便如此,采用四常数模型和六常数模型定标的结果都不是令人满意,这揭示CCD视场存在明显的扭曲效应。如果采用视场中的恒星定标,卫星的外部符合和内部精度明显变差,这说明UCAC4恒星参考星表也不是理想的定标用参考星表。 相似文献
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木星土星边缘的椭圆拟合 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
将CCD观测的木星或土星光环图像二值化，再用“四邻点模板”检测获得二值图像的边缘，最后用椭圆方程迭代拟合边缘，可以获得行星几何中心的位置。这被证明是一种高精度的位置测量方法。本文给出了用椭圆拟合检测边缘的全部公式及有关说明。 相似文献
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CCD图像数字定心算法的比较 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
从CCD采集的数字图像中提取天体的位置和光度信息对于天文研究具有基础意义.其中,恒星星像中心像素位置的精确测量对于天体测量至关重要.针对国际上常用的三种位置测量算法:修正矩方法、Gauss拟合法和中值法,利用实测的CCD图像进行了试验研究.具体地,采用云南天文台1m望远镜观测的CCD图像同时使用这些算法进行了实际测量,根据每幅图像中测得的像素位置,对这三类定心算法进行了比较和精度分析.可视化方法被用于不同阈值的选取和设定比较.实验数据表明,无阈值的二维Gauss拟合方法是一种精度相对较高的定心算法. 相似文献
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针对长焦距望远镜CCD观测天然卫星的情况,导出了用两颗亮星作为定标时,CCD视场几何参数(比例尺和指向)测量的误差公式,进而设计了多定标星定标时正确的归算方案。新方案不仅对天然卫星的位置测量,也对同类型的小视场CCD位置测量具有指导意义。 相似文献
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用M15进行CCD视场的校准 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
用1996年10月所获得的球状星团M15和大距离双星61Cygni的CCD观测资料,分别求解了上海天文台1.56m天体测量望远镜上安装的CCD探测器视场的位置角改正δp和尺度因子ρ。通过对土星主要卫星观测资料0－C的计算分析表明,经球状星团校准视场后所得结果较双星校准后结果的精度要高。该结论为进一步提高计算大行星卫星的位置测量精度打下良好的基础。 相似文献
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针对长焦距望远镜CCD观测天然卫星的情况，导出了用两颗亮星作为定标时，CCD视场几何参数(比例尺和指向)测量的误差公式，进而设计了多定标星定标时正确的归算方案。新方案不仅对天然卫星的位置测量，也对同类型的小视场CCD位置测量具有指导意义。 相似文献
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L. S. Marochnik 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1983,89(1):61-75
The solar system's position in the Galaxy is an exclusive one, since the Sun is close to the corotation circle, which is the place where the angular velocity of the galactic differential rotation is equal to that of density waves displaying as spiral arms. Each galaxy contains only one corotation circle; therefore, it is an exceptional place. In the Galaxy, the deviation of the Sun from the corotation is very small — it is equal to ΔR/R ⊙≈0.03, where ΔR=R c ?R ⊙,R c is the corotation distance from the galactic center andR ⊙ is the Sun's distance from the galactic center. The special conditions of the Sun's position in the Galaxy explain the origin of the fundamental cosmogony timescalesT 1≈4.6×109 yr,T 2?108 yr,T 3?106 yr detected by the radioactive decay of various nuclides. The timescaleT 1 (the solar system's ‘lifetime’) is the protosolar cloud lifetime in a space between the galactic spiral arms. The timescaleT 2 is the presolar cloud lifetime in a spiral arm.T 3 is a timescale of hydrodynamical processes of a cloud-wave interaction. The possibility of the natural explanation of the cosmogony timescales by the unified process (on condition that the Sun is near the state of corotation) can become an argument in favour of the fact that the nearness to the corotation is necessary for the formation of systems similar to the Solar system. If the special position of the Sun is not incidental, then the corotation circles of our Galaxy, as well as those of other galaxies, are just regions where situations similar to ours are likely to be found. 相似文献
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Yoshio Kubo 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1982,26(1):97-112
Perturbations in the motion of the Moon are computed for the effect by the oblateness of the Earth and for the indirect effect of planets. Based on Delaunay's analytical solution of the main problem, the computations are performed by a method of Fourier series operation. The effect of the oblateness of the Earth is obtained to the second order, partly adopting an analytical evaluation. Both in longitude and latitude are found a few terms whose coefficient differs from the current lunar ephemeris based on Brown's theory by about 0.01. While, concerning the indirect effect of planets, several periodic terms in the current ephemeris seem to have errors reaching 0.05.As for the secular variations of
and due to the figure of the Earth and the indirect effect of planets, the newly-computed values agree within 1/cy with Brown's results reduced to the same values of the parameters. Further, the accelerations in the mean longitude,
and caused by the secular changes in the eccentricity of the Earth's orbite and in the obliquity of the ecliptic are obtained. The comparison with Brown shows an agreement within 0.3/cy2 for the former cause and 0.02/cy2 for the latter. An error is found in the argument of the principal term for the perturbations due to the ecliptic motion in the current ephemeris.Proceedings of the Conference on Analytical Methods and Ephemerides: Theory and Observations of the Moon and Planets. Facultés universitaires Notre Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium, 28–31 July, 1980. 相似文献
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E. L. Ruskol 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1973,6(1-2):190-201
It is suggested that the overall early melting of the lunar surface is not necessary for the explanation of facts and that
the structure of highlands is more complicated than a solidified anorthositic ‘plot’. The early heating of the interior of
the Moon up to 1000K is really needed for the subsequent thermal history with the maximum melting 3.5 × 109 yr ago, to give the observed ages for mare basalts. This may be considered as an indication that the Moon during the accumulation
retained a portion of its gravitational energy converted into heat, which may occur only at rapid processes. A rapid (t < 103 yr) accretion of the Moon from the circumterrestrial swarm of small particles would give necessary temperature, but it is
not compatible with the characteristic time 108 yr of the replenishment of this swarm which is the same as the time-scale of the accumulation of the Earth. It is shown that
there were conditions in the circumterrestial swarm for the formation at a first stage of a few large protomoons. Their number
and position is evaluated from the simple formal laws of the growth of satellites in the vicinity of a planet. Such ‘systems’
of protomoons are compared with the observed multiple systems, and the conclusion is reached that there could have been not
more than 2–3 large protomoons with the Earth. The tidal evolution of protomoon orbits was short not only for the present
value of the tidal phase-lag but also for a considerably smaller value.
The coalescence of protomoons into a single Moon had to occur before the formation of the observed relief on the Moon. If
we accept the age 3.9 × 109 yr for the excavation of the Imbrium basin and ascribe the latter to the impact of an Earth satellite, this collision had
to be roughly at 30R, whereR is the radius of the Earth, because the Moon at that time had to be somewhere at this distance. Therefore, the protomoons
had to be orbiting inside 20–25R, and their coalescence had to occur more than 4.0x109 yr ago. The energy release at coalescence is equivalent to several hundred degrees and even 1000 K. The process is very rapid
(of the order of one hour). Therefore, the model is valid for the initial conditions of the Moon. 相似文献
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In this paper we first emphasize why it is important to know the successive zonal harmonics of the Sun's figure with high
accuracy: mainly fundamental astrometry, helioseismology, planetary motions and relativistic effects. Then we briefly comment
why the Sun appears oblate, going back to primitive definitions in order to underline some discrepancies in theories and to
emphasize again the relevant hypotheses. We propose a new theoretical approach entirely based on an expansion in terms of
Legendre's functions, including the differential rotation of the Sun at the surface. This permits linking the two first spherical
harmonic coefficients (J
2 and J
4) with the geometric parameters that can be measured on the Sun (equatorial and polar radii). We emphasize the difficulties
in inferring gravitational oblateness from visual measurements of the geometric oblateness, and more generally a dynamical
flattening. Results are given for different observed rotational laws. It is shown that the surface oblateness is surely upper
bounded by 11 milliarcsecond. As a consequence of the observed surface and sub-surface differential rotation laws, we deduce
a measure of the two first gravitational harmonics, the quadrupole and the octopole moment of the Sun: J
2=−(6.13±2.52)×10−7 if all observed data are taken into account, and respectively, J
2=−(6.84±3.75)×10−7 if only sunspot data are considered, and J
2=−(3.49±1.86)×10−7 in the case of helioseismic data alone. The value deduced from all available data for the octopole is: J
4=(2.8±2.1)×10−12. These values are compared to some others found in the literature.
Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005238718479 相似文献
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B. P. Kondratyev 《Solar System Research》2013,47(1):1-10
A two-component theoretical model of the physical libration of the Moon in longitude is constructed with account taken of the viscosity of the core. In the new version, a hydrodynamic problem of motion of a fluid filling a solid rotating shell is solved. It is found that surfaces of equal angular velocity are spherical, and a velocity field of the fluid core of the Moon is described by elementary functions. A distribution of the internal pressure in the core is found. An angular momentum exchange between the fluid core and solid mantle is described by a third-order differential equation with a right-hand side. The roots of a characteristic equation are studied and the stability of rotation is proved. A libration angle as a function of time is found using the derived solution of the differential equation. Limiting cases of infinitely large and infinitely small viscosity are considered and an effect of lag of a libration phase from a phase of action of an external moment of forces is ascertained. This makes it possible to estimate the viscosity and sizes of the lunar fluid core from data of observations. 相似文献
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M. V. Samokhin 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1979,62(1):159-183
In order to understand the reason of the existence of the electric field in the magnetosphere, and for the theoretical evaluation of its value, it is necessary to find the solution of the problem of determination of the magnetosphere boundary form in the frameworks of the continuum medium model which takes into account part of the magnetospheric plasma movement in supporting the magnetospheric boundary equilibrium. A number of problems for finding the distribution of the pressure, the density, the magnetic field and the electric field on the particular tangential discontinuity is considered in the case when the form of discontinuity is set (the direct problem) and a number of problems for finding the form of the discontinuity and the distribution of the above-mentioned physical quantities on the discontinuity is considered when the law of the change of the external pressure along the boundary is set (for example, with the help of the approximate Newton equation). The problem which is considered here, which deals with the calculation of the boundary form and with the calculation of the distribution of the corresponding physical quantities on the discontinuity of the 1st kind for the compressible fluid with the magnetic field with field lines which are perpendicular to the plane of the flow in question, concerns the last sort of problems. The comparison of the results of the calculation with the data in the equatorial cross-section of the magnetosphere demonstrates that the calculated form of the boundary, the value of the velocity of the return flow and the value of the electric field on the magnetopause, agree satisfactorily with the observational data. 相似文献
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