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论述了迭代折射静校正中替代速度（基岩速度）与小折射调查获得的V3速度的关系;通过实例,展示了不同替代速度对地震剖面的影响,认为在杭锦旗地区,小折射得到的V3速度仅是折射层内部的速度界面;证明在类似杭锦旗工区具有极厚低速、降速层的地区,野外实测V3不能作为折射静校正的替代速度,折射静校正替换速度应是工区内相对稳定的基岩速度;利用声波测井和VSP成果以及小折射得到的低降速带成果,探讨了杭锦旗地区折射静校正替换速度（3 200 m/s）的可靠性;提供了通过综合分析地震、测井等其他地质资料来获得准确基岩速度的思路. 相似文献
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任意水流条件下波浪受地形及水流影响的折射 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于波浪作用通量守恒原则,分析了任意水流条件下波浪在水流、地形综合影响下的折射计算方法,就考虑与不考虑底摩擦损耗二种情况下组合不同的波浪入射方向(α_0<70°)及水流方向(β<30°)进行了一系列的计算,绘制了平直海岸均匀水流及无底摩擦损耗条件下可供工程实用的诺漠图。 相似文献
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深度和流速依时变化水域中海浪折射数值计算 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
绘制海浪折射图对海岸建筑物的设计、海岸带的开发利用、近岸波的计算及其他有关问题的研究是十分重要的。在常规下,就单一频率波绘制折射图时,总是假定绝对频率不随空间或时间改变,因此,只适用于小范围的沿岸区域,即海浪在该区域传播的时间尺度不长。这时,认为深度场是不随时间改变的[1-4]。这些有关的理论和计算方法虽仍得到应用,但许多研究者发现了它们的限制和困难,并提出了各种改进途径,其中包括在折射中考虑绕射的影响,考虑摩擦、反射、流的影响及出现高阶谐波的影响等[1]。考虑上述诸因素对改进海浪折射理论和计算是十分重要的。但必须指出,上述各种海浪折射的计算只适用于小范围的沿岸区域,均属定常模式。 相似文献
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不规则波折射的数学模型 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文对光易型方向函数中的集中度参数Ｓｍａｘ进行了推算，得到了在不同底坡和入射角情况下，Ｓｍａｘ～ｄ／（Ｌｓ）。的关系曲线，从而较合理地给出了浅水区域的方向谱Ｓ（ｆ，θ）。本文用谱分量的线性迭加法建立了不规则波折射的数值模式，计算了具有各种理论方向谱的不规则波在平行直线状等深线海滩上的折射。其结果得到了不规则波折射系数ｋｓｒ的计算图。将所得的结果与用正弦波求得的值作了比较。另外，本文还探讨了方向谱的分割数与不规则波折射计算精度的关系，并对如何节省计算机时作了研究，从而确定了频率和方向的最佳分割数。 相似文献
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关于波浪缓坡方程的研究 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19
缓坡方程（ｍｉｌｄ－ｓｌｏｐｅ ｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎ）是基于线性波浪理论研究波浪在近岸传播变形（折射绕射）的基础和被广泛应用的方程。从缓坡方程问世到现在,人们对它进行了大量的理论和应用研究,包括求解该方法、简化近似和改进。本文对有关波浪缓坡方程的研究成果进行了较为系统的归纳总结和评述,以期对本学科的发展起到一定的引导和促进作用。 相似文献
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变深区浅水波的绕射和折射计算 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文开发了基于射线理论的浅水波计算程序,提出了一种解决射线相交的简便方法.应用非线性长波方程,以波浪对圆柱形人工岛和海凹的绕射、折射及对坡岸的斜向入射为例,进行了数值计算.在变深区的开边界处,利用射线理论给定入射波,获得了与实际观测相吻合的结果. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Sediments of the continental slope are commonly bioturbated by endo- and epibenthic organisms, particularly in and around submarine canyons and channels. This study reviews the architecture and depositional environments associated with canyons and channels on the continental slope, and assesses the key physical and chemical conditions encountered in and around these conduits. Hydrodynamic energy, concentration and quality of organic carbon, dissolved oxygen concentration and sedimentation rate are identified as key controls on the composition of benthic ecosystems in slope environments. Submarine canyons and channels focus a variety of turbid and clear-water currents, all of which serve to increase the concentration of oxygen, labile organic carbon and other nutrients, which tend to elevate the abundance and biodiversity in the seafloor sediments, compared with those of the surrounding slope. Ancient slope channel and canyon systems reflect some of the variation in ichnological assemblages that is seen in modern analogues, although processes of erosion and trace fossil preservation mean that the benthic environment is often incompletely preserved in the ancient record. By integrating current understanding of sedimentology, oceanography, biology and ichnology of slope environments it is possible to provide a first order summary of the inter-relationships between ichnology and depositional environments on the continental slope. The combination of these data has the potential to improve our understanding of changes in deep marine benthic ecosystems through geological time, and to further the use of ichnology in assessing hydrocarbon reservoir presence, quality and performance from bioturbated slope, canyon and channel-levee hydrocarbon reservoirs. 相似文献
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ZENG Xianzhang QIU Manhu YIN Mingduan ZENG Wenyi HE Jianhu WAN Xueguo CHEN Hengliang LI Jing TAN Baozeng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2007,26(3):73-83
A low-level β counting-α spectrum apparatus used for the detection of the β radiation of thorium-234 and α spectrum of thorium-228 simultaneously and an easy operating procedure for the enrichment, radiochemical separating, sampling and measurement of thorium-234 and uranium-238 in the ocean are developed based on the requirements of analyzing export productivity in the euphotic zone via thorium-234-uranium-238 radioactivity disequilibrium. The detecting efficiency both of β and α radiation is higher than 20%. The background of β radiation is less than 0.5 min-1, and the energy resolution of α detector is better than 1%. Total recycle ratio of thorium-234 is about 75%. Using the above apparatus and procedure, the radioactivities of dissolved thorium-234 and uranium-238, particle thorium-234 and uranium-238 in seawater of the South China Sea, the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean were analyzed. 相似文献
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In the Maidao Ecological Laboratory of the Huanghai Sea Fisheries Research Institute in 1998 ~ 2000, the continuous flow-through method was adopted to determine the energy budget components and models of Schlegel＇ s black rockfish under different ecological and environmental factors, such as temperature, food species, body mass and feeding level, etc. The body mass of test fish ranged from 21.2 to 224.5 g. The specific growth rate tended to invert ＂U＂ change with temperature increase. The ecological conversion efficiency showed the same trend as temperature and feeding level rise. Only the specific growth rate tended to decelerate the increment with the rise of feeding level. From the above quantitative relationships, the maximum and optimal growth temper- atures could be obtained as 17.5 and 16.2 ℃, and the maintenance feeding rate and optimum feeding rate as 0.8% and 4. 1% of the body mass. The specific growth rate and ecological conversion coefficient showed a decelerating decrease trend with body mass increment. The small-sized fish food was more advantageous to the feeding level increase in comparison with the small-sized shrimp food, which led to the increase of growth, metabolism and excretion, but had no significant influence on the ecological conversion coefficient. All of temperature, feeding level, body mass and food species can obviously change the energy budget models. The assigning rate of growth energy tended to change along the invert ＂U＂ curve with the increase of temperature and feeding level, and decrease with the body mass increase, but the assigning rates of metabolism energy and excretion energy were quite reverse. These relationships could be quantitatively described as quadratic or power function curve. If the above relationships proved true to other marine fish, the establishment of energy budget model of the same fish under different conditions can be largely simplified. 相似文献
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现代珠江三角洲经历了从溺谷湾到三角洲的形成演变,富有区域特色.本文提出百余年来珠江三角洲的研究可归纳为4种范式:历史描述、实地考察-学术推理、器测-学科理论和"动力-沉积-地貌"跨尺度范式,各以范例说明.基于笔者及其团队研究,对现有文献关于珠江三角洲形成演变若干重要观点提出不同意见并从多视角作必要辨析,包括:海侵盛期以... 相似文献
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Similarities in the marine fauna found off the coasts of southern Madagascar and KwaZulu-Natal Province (KZN), South Africa, led to the development of the ‘suitcase project,’ with the aim of establishing whether eddies that form off southern Madagascar may package and transport biological material across the Mozambique Channel, facilitating connectivity and gene flow. Meroplankton (larval stages of fishes and benthic invertebrates) were collected on the Madagascan shelf and along a transect through a cyclonic eddy in the Mozambique Channel. The samples were analysed using microscopy and DNA barcoding, seeking to identify species known to be common to both the southeast coast of Madagascar and the east coast of South Africa and thereby to reveal potential indicators of connectivity between these regions. The greatest zooplankton biovolume in the upper 200 m occurred on the shelf, followed by in the western part of the eddy and in the region outside the eddy to the west, and was lowest in the region outside the eddy to the east. The meroplankton were dominated by taxa of coastal origin and these were also most abundant on the shelf and in the western part of the eddy, with the lowest abundances in the region outside the eddy to the east. The findings show greater zooplankton biovolumes and larval abundances and the presence of reef-associated larval assemblages on the Madagascan shelf and along the transect through the cyclonic eddy, providing support for the suitcase hypothesis that planktonic organisms are entrained within eddies as they propagate south-westwards of the Madagascan shelf. 相似文献
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This introductory paper lays the basis for this supplementary issue by briefly presenting the state of knowledge on the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Bight at the start of this multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional, ship-based research project that ran from 2009 to 2013. The rationale and aims of the project are also described. The project was a major component of the South African Department of Science and Technology’s African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme (ACEP), which has been prominent in supporting research on the east coast of South Africa and the wider South-West Indian Ocean. Pivotal to this was the RS Algoa, which was made available for two 30-day surveys (winter and summer) in the KZN Bight by the Department of Environmental Affairs. Although some aspects of the bight ecology are known, much of the research is dated and fragmented, and required refreshing and consolidation in order to produce a platform upon which the understanding of the region’s ecosystem functioning could be established. Much of the oceanographic knowledge is also dated, with no dedicated surveys and significant measurements undertaken since 1989. The overarching theme of the KZN Bight project was to examine the relative importance of sources of nutrients to the central KZN coast and how these are taken up and recycled in the ecosystem, and to describe aspects of the benthic biodiversity, which is poorly described in much of this region. An ambitious project, its accessibility to a ship-based research platform and the diverse scientific skills of the participating scientists allowed considerable success, as reflected in the papers that follow. 相似文献
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The state-of-the-art in modelling the marine ecosystem of the greater North Sea is reviewed, providing an overview especially about three-dimensional models that describe and predict how the marine ecosystem of the greater North Sea area functions and how concentrations and fluxes of biologically important elements vary in space and time, throughout the shelf and over years, in response to physical forcing. Articles with a strong concentration on modelling were selected from the available literature, and all articles around the existing “ecological modelling groups” dealing with the area of the North Sea were sorted in chronological order of their appearance in the literature. We found eleven of such groups and described their different modelling efforts. Selecting the seven three-dimensional models (NORWECOM, GHER, ECOHAM, ERSEM, ELISE, COHERENS and POL3dERSEM), we characterized the complexity of the models, by comparing the resolution in time and space, and the resolution of the trophic structure by discussing the number and kind of state variables and of the processes relating these state variables to each other.The review of biogeochemical/ecological modelling for the greater North Sea shows that important findings by model simulations have either confirmed existing knowledge derived from field work or have given new insight into the mechanisms of the functioning of the North Sea system: the temporal and spatial development and magnitude of primary production, its spreading from the coasts to the north-west over the open North Sea, its mechanisms of limitation, the functioning of the pelagic small food web and of the benthic web, the mechanisms of nutrient regeneration, the effects of riverine and atmospheric nutrient inputs causing eutrophication of coastal waters, the extent of eutrophication in the North Sea, and the budgets for nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon. The three-dimensional ecological models of the greater North Sea have provided consistent distributions and dynamics of the lower trophic levels on their regional, annual and decadal scales which cannot be derived to this degree of coverage by observations.The state-of-the-art in validation for these models is presented in part 2 相似文献
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溢油事故发生后, 油膜的漂移扩散会对周围水域和环境敏感目标造成污染。研究溢油事故后油膜漂移扩散, 可为溢油事故的处理提供理论指导。本文应用河口海岸三维水动力模式ECOM-si(semi-implicit estuarine, costal and ocean model), 耦合溢油漂移扩散模块, 模拟和分析长江口宝钢码头发生溢油事故后油膜的漂移扩散, 以及对环境敏感保护目标的影响。基于长江口崇明东滩气象站实测风速风向资料, 给出影响溢油漂移的主导风和不利风向。在冬季多年平均1月径流量11700m³·s-1、主导风、3个不利风和潮汐作用下, 数值模拟并详细给出了宝钢码头溢油事故发生后油膜的平面分布、油膜到达和离开4个水库取水口和饮用水水源保护区以及其他环境敏感保护区的时间、持续影响时间和最大油膜厚度。长江口宝钢码头溢油事故发生后, 油膜随涨落潮流作上下游来回振荡, 径流使油膜向海输运, 风使油膜朝风向方向漂移。在主导风北风5.6m³·s-1风速下, 油膜沿长江口南岸向下游漂移扩散, 小部分进入北槽南侧。在不利风向东南风4.0m³·s-1风速下, 油膜西北方向漂移, 聚集于南支北岸, 受径流作用沿南支和北港的中北侧向下游输运。在不利风向西北风4.8m³·s-1风速下, 西北风减轻了溢油事故点上游和北港、崇明东滩外侧敏感目标的影响, 加重了南港和南槽的环境敏感保护目标的影响。在不利风向西南风3.2m³·s-1风速下, 大部分油膜在北港中北侧向下游漂移扩散, 小部分油膜聚集在北槽的中北侧。西南风减轻了溢油事故点上游和下游南港、南槽环境敏感目标受到的影响, 加重了对北港和崇明东滩外侧敏感目标的影响。不同风向作用下油膜的分布和对环境敏感保护目标影响显著不同, 风在油膜漂移扩散中起着十分重要的作用。 相似文献
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海岛资源的可持续发展研究是海洋开发与管理的重要课题。为优化配置海岛资源,促进海岛开发利用和生态环境保护的协调发展,参考相关研究,以海岛生态系统的特殊性为基点,对海岛生态系统脆弱性的概念、内涵和特征进行综述;以辽宁海岛为侧重点,通过梳理和分析大量海岛典型案例,提出了海岛生态系统脆弱性的成因及表现,建立其影响机制框架,并在此基础上,初步探讨了海岛生态系统脆弱性的评价体系和评价方法,最后提出了研究展望。海岛生态系统脆弱性是在一定的自然因素和人为因素背景下,海岛生态系统响应与自然环境相互作用和人类对海岛的开发利用过程中表现出的敏感反应与自恢复能力,是客观存在的、敏感的、难恢复的,具备长期性、差异性和可调控性特征,在不同类型、不同程度的自然扰动与人为干扰作用下,海岛生态系统脆弱性表现也不同,其驱动机制与评价体系的建立能够为后续深入研究提供思路。本研究结果可为海岛生态环境保护提供科学依据,对促进海岛的可持续发展具有现实意义。 相似文献