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1.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2002,21(7):811-817
Five lateral sand–loess–palaeosol continua occur within the last glacial sediments of the central Loess Plateau of China along a 500 km north to south climatic gradient. The continua shift southward or northward in concert with desert expansion or contraction, respectively. Lateral lithofacies (desert sand to loess) variations are evident at the north end of the gradient and follow Walther's Law of the correlation of facies. Lateral pedofacies (loess to palaeosol) variations are present near the south end of the gradient, where the climate was warmer and wetter. The lateral stratigraphic changes from sand to loess or loess to soil are driven by variations in the rate of sedimentation along a climatic gradient.Vertical stratigraphic profiles at the north end of the gradient reveal alternating sand and loess beds. In contrast, alternating loess and palaeosols occur within the same stratigraphic interval in the southern Loess Plateau, where dust accretion rates were lower. However, in high resolution studies of climate change vertical profiles of alternating loess and palaeosols (especially weak palaeosols) may not reflect regional or global climate change. Alternating loess and weak palaeosols may reflect local variations in the balance between the rates of dust accretion and pedogenesis. Local fluctuations in either of these rates could result in the presence of time equivalent loess and palaeosols at high resolutions. Thus, some of the high resolution loess-palaeosol alternations may reflect local climatic variation rather than global or hemispherical climate change. 相似文献
2.
中国北方有约200×104km2的面积被黄土、沙漠和荒漠戈壁沉积物覆盖,这些地区堆积物的形成变化与第四纪气候变化密切相关。关于中国北方沙漠与黄土记录晚第四纪古气候变化的研究不少,但是,由于受到方法和条件等限制,系统的(高密度的)和独立的年代学工作比较薄弱,从而使诸多已经发表的关于沙漠-黄土记录的亚轨道时间尺度气候变化的结论受到质疑。文章通过对黄土高原代表性的4个末次冰期以来的黄土剖面以及毛乌素、浑善达克和科尔沁沙地的20多个末次冰期-全新世的沙-砂质古土壤剖面的研究,获得了150多个独立的光释光年龄数据。在此基础上,结合200多个样品的粒度、有机质含量和磁化率数据,重建末次冰期以来中国北方气候变化过程,对比分析沙地与黄土古气候记录的联系。结果表明,中国北方古气候在57.5~52.5kaB.P.相对干旱,41.5~37.3kaB.P.相对湿润,26~22kaB.P.逐渐干旱,22~18kaB.P.极端干旱,15~10kaB.P.干旱,10~8kaB.P.为干旱减弱的时期,8.0~2.4kaB.P.相对湿润,而2.4kaB.P.以来气候为相对干旱。其间,在8.0~2.4kaB.P.的湿润时期有几次干旱事件,而2.4kaB.P.以来气候变化频繁。具有独立年代控制的黄土和沙漠记录表明,中国北方的气候变化对轨道时间尺度的太阳辐射变化有大约3~4ka的滞后。 相似文献
3.
中国北方有大面积的土地被沙漠和黄土覆盖,是现代沉积和侵蚀比较活跃的地区。强烈的地表过程不仅影响着区域的生产生活活动,还通过粉尘传输影响北半球甚至于更大范围的气候和环境。长期以来,由于综合研究不够,对沙漠-黄土体系的沉积和侵蚀规律以及未来趋向的认识有限。结合对沙漠沙地-黄土沉积的高密度光释光年代测试结果,基于地统计法和遥感分析的黄土堆积量估算以及现代降尘、地表侵蚀的观察研究,认为沙漠沙地-黄土堆积区的沉积和侵蚀过程受气候变化控制,这里既是堆积区,又是侵蚀区,处于动态变化过程中;黄土比沙地沉积保存着更完整的过去气候变化信息。黄土高原水蚀和风蚀在地质历史时期就存在,人类活动加强了侵蚀过程,但可能还没有实质性地改变这一趋向。通过对地质记录和古气候模拟结果的分析,在未来全球变暖的背景下,沙地地区可能由于有效湿度减少变干而使风尘活动加强,黄土高原地区的粉尘沉积速率也将随之加快。 相似文献
4.
陇西黄土高原马兰黄土划分与末次冰期气候快速变化研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
陇西黄土高原马兰黄土内存在９个弱成壤组（层），记录末次冰期内多达２２个间冰段气候的环境状况。马兰黄土中部古土壤是末次冰期大间冰段的记录，共有上、中、下３层古土壤，含１１个亚层，尤以下层古土壤发育最好，表明当时气候较温暖湿润。 相似文献
5.
东亚季风区的极端气候事件及其原因 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
全球冰量和太阳辐射变化被认为是黄土区古环境在轨道时间尺度上演化的两个主要驱动因素。然而 ,黄土古土壤序列中记录了两类极端气候事件 :以发育程度较好的S4、S5 1和S5 3古土壤所代表的极端暖湿期及以砂黄土层L9和L15为代表的极端干冷期。它们既不能用全球冰量的变化来解释 ,也不能用太阳辐射的变化来直接解释。对渭南、长武和西峰剖面的研究揭示出 ,S4,S5 1和S5 3古土壤是形成于亚热带半湿润环境下的土壤 ,S5 1形成时的年均温至少比现今高 4～ 6℃ ,年降水量高 2 0 0～ 30 0mm ;砂黄土层L9和L15形成时高原中部的估算年均温和降水分别大致为 1 5～ 3℃和 15 0～ 2 5 0mm ,当时整个黄土高原地表裸露 ,风力强盛。上述事件在深海氧同位素记录中没有明确反映 ,但 3个极端暖湿期对应于世界大洋的碳同位素高峰 ,说明它们具全球性意义 ,同时表明这些古土壤的高成壤强度不是时间因素所致。海陆对比揭示出 ,上述两类极端气候事件分别对应于北大西洋深层流 (NADW )强度最强和最弱的时期。据此认为 ,北大西洋深层流强度变化是影响东亚季风气候的重要因素 ,且这种作用同时体现于古冬、夏季风的变化之中。 相似文献
6.
Gao Guorui 《Engineering Geology》1988,25(2-4):235-245
Gao, G., 1988. Formation and development of the structure of collapsing loess in China. Eng. Geol., 25: 235–245.
It is well known that in China the regional variations in microstructure of loess are in phase with the overall tendency for collapsibility, gradually decreasing from the northwest to the southeast. These differences are consistent with variations in climatic conditions. This indicates that the structure of collapsing loess is closely related to the climatic condition and geological environment. Based on the microstructure analyses, it can be assumed that the formation and development of the structure of collapsing loess in China has undergone five stages: the loessization stage, the formation stage, the development stage, the degeneration stage and the clayization stage. The five stages of loess regularly exist in different regions of the Loess Plateau. This also shows that under the modern climatic condition the collapsing loess in the northwest of the Loess Plateau in China is still developing. However, the feature of collapsing loess is gradually disappearing in the southeast of the Loess Plateau. 相似文献
7.
Eco-environmental effects of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplift during the Quaternary in China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau uplifted >3000 m in the Quaternary period. The average rate of uplift was 1–1.1 mm/year. The uplifting
has remolded the geomorphology of China. The landform in China was changed from west-low and east-high to west-high and east-low
in three steps. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplift is an important factor that affected the climate and the environment of China
in the Quaternary period. It controls atmospheric circulation and climatic change in Asia and even the northern hemisphere,
by dividing the westerlies into two branches: south and north. The plateau gradually became a heat source in summer and a
cold source in winter. The uplift had a decisive effect on the formation of the East-Asia monsoon, which increased the climatic
differences between the glacial period and the interglacial period. The climate and environment of China are characterized
by the influences of the plateau uplift. The east of China became the south-east monsoon area, whereas the south-west became
the south-west monsoon area and the north-west turned into an arid inland region. The Gobi and large-scale deserts that formed
in the inland basins are ceaselessly extending. The climate of northern China became more arid as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
continued to uplift. The Plateau uplift affected glacial evolvement and loess formation, and propelled the migration of cold-
and warm-blooded animals, which differed from other regions of the world at the same latitude.
Received: 30 August 1999 · Accepted: 18 April 2000 相似文献
8.
本文用末次冰期北美大冰盖南缘的风尘堆积记录来重建末次盛冰期的亚极地环境变化.磁化率、有机碳含量和潜育化程度的资料表明,末次盛冰期的前期(约21000～15000aB P.)植被覆盖较差,而后期(15000～10000aB.P.)植被覆盖较好,15 000aB.P.环境发生了急剧的变化,磁化率曲线显示了大约1000a的氧化-还原周期.这种大约1000a的环境变化周期很可能由低纬地区的海洋和大气的扰动所驱动,这种扰动的能量通过北美大冰盖及时地传递到北大西洋. 相似文献
9.
Chun Chang Huang Jiangli Pang Hongxia Su Shengli Li Benwei Ge 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(25-26):2633-2646
Chinese loess deposits are generally considered to be the product of dust storms and dust falls from the central Asia arid zones that were transported across China by the northwesterly continental monsoon. In contrast, the Zhengzhou Loess found southeast of the Loess Plateau, adjacent to the floodplain of the Yellow River, records a different eolian regime and dust source. The Zhengzhou Loess was investigated by field observations, measurements of magnetic susceptibility, particle-size distribution, loss-on-ignition, CaCO3 and chemical contents. Both field observations and the laboratory results indicate that, during the last glacial, the Zhengzhou Loess was supplied by two different eolian regimes and dust sources, one was from the fresh flood deposits of the Yellow River driven by the northeast winds from the low-lying floodplain, and the other was from the dust storms and dust falls that traveled across the Loess Plateau driven by the northwesterly continental monsoon from the central Asian arid lands. The early Holocene, 11,500–8500 a BP, was a transition during the change in eolian regime and dust source because of the weakened northwesterly monsoon along with the global climatic amelioration. Following the retreat of the northwesterly monsoon from the onset of the mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum at 8500 a BP, dust supply from the drifting sand zone on the Yellow River floodplain became dominant because of the intensified strength of the northeast winds from the Bohai Sea. From 3100 a BP onwards, climatic aridity and extensive human disturbance have resulted in intensive eolian processes causing the incursion of the drifting sand into the Zhengzhou Loess zone. These results show that loess accumulation is more complex than traditionally assumed. The origin of loess deposits elsewhere outside the Loess Plateau may be related to dust sources derived from alluvial sediments of major river systems. 相似文献
10.
11.
五十万年来毛乌素沙漠的变迁 总被引：27，自引：2，他引：27
对沙漠-黄土边界带的古风成砂-黄土-古土壤序列的研究表明，毛乌素沙漠至少在0.5MaB.P.就已出现，但也并非从其出现之初就持续至今。沙漠-黄土边界带的风成沉积所记录的沙丘活化和固定的多次转变是第四纪时期毛乌素沙漠对气候振荡响应的结果。五十万年来，沙漠-黄土边界带的石峁剖面记录了13层古风成砂，代表了13次沙漠大规模的南侵。沙漠的南侵不仅可以发生在冰期鼎盛之时，同样也可以发生在间冰期中的寒冷气候幕出现之时。此外，鉴于沙漠-黄土边界带具有气候敏感性的特点，石峁剖面的地层记录还表明了第四纪时期不仅有冷期与暖期的多次旋回，而且冷期和暖期发生时还有次一级的气候波动。 相似文献
12.
通过对青藏高原东北部共和盆地典型古土壤—风成砂剖面的释光（OSL）年代测定和沉积物中微量元素的分析,重建了区域全新世千年尺度的气候变化过程。研究表明,除Co、Rb、Sr和Ba以外的12种微量元素所反映的气候变化规律较显著,其含量变化曲线上的峰值段对应于古土壤层而谷值段对应于风成砂层,这一现象可作为气候暖湿、冷干波动的标志;区域全新世气候变化可分为以下阶段：11.8～10.0 ka气候寒冷干燥,10.0～9.2 ka气候逐渐趋于暖湿,9.2～4.6 ka气候相对冷干,4.6～0.7 ka气候相对暖湿,0.7 ka以来气候明显寒冷干燥;区域全新世气候变化中存在8次寒冷事件,与青藏高原和北大西洋揭示的寒冷期具有明显的对应关系,表明共和盆地千年尺度的气候变化与全球气候变化具有一致性。 相似文献
13.
A number of studies have revealed that the climate in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and Northeast China is sensitive
to postglacial changes. Unfortunately, the link of the past climate evolution between the two regions is not well understood.
In this study, two cores are analyzed to determine this link directly. The high-resolution n-alkanol distribution patterns from two typical peat sequences covering the past 16,000 cal years in the northeastern margin
of the Tibetan Plateau and Northeast China, respectively, are closely examined by gas chromatograph–mass spectrometry analysis.
In combination with other palaeoclimatic proxies, it is proposed that the n-alkanol average chain length and (C22 + C24)/(C26 + C28) ratio could reflect past climate changes in the two peat sequences. The n-alkanol proxies reveal several climatic intervals in the period from the last deglaciation through the Holocene. A comparison
of n-alkanol records between the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and Northeast China indicates that the start and end
of the warm Holocene Optimum differed at the two locations. The spatially asynchronous pattern of climatic change is possibly
a result of different responses to change in solar radiation. The evolution of the Holocene paleoclimate is more consistent
with changes in Northern Hemisphere solar radiation in Northeast China than on the Tibetan Plateau. The Holocene Optimum began
and terminated earlier in Northeast China than in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Thus, the two n-alkanol proxies provide valuable insights into the regional Holocene climate and local environmental conditions. 相似文献
14.
Nathaniel W Rutter Dean RokoshMichael E Evans Edward C LittleJiri Chlachula Andrei Velichko 《Quaternary Research》2003,60(1):101-109
Loess-paleosol sequences of the last interglacial-glacial cycle are correlated from European Russia to central Siberia and the Chinese Loess Plateau. During cold periods represented by marine oxygen isotope stages (OIS) 2 and 4, loess deposition dominated in the Russian Plain and the Loess Plateau. In central Siberia, loess deposition took place also, but five to seven thin, weakly developed paleosols are identified in both stages. OIS 3, in the Chinese Loess Plateau near Yangchang, consists of a loess bed that is flanked by two weakly developed paleosols. At Kurtak, Siberia, OIS 3 is represented by two distinct, stacked paleosols with no loess bed separating the paleosols. In the Russian Plain, OIS 3 consists of a single, possibly welded paleosol, representing upper and lower stage-3 climates. Brunisols and Chernozems dominate the profiles in China and Siberia, whereas Regosols, Luvisols, and Chernozems are evident in the northern and southern Russian Plain, respectively. OIS 5 is represented in China and the Russian Plain by pedo complexes in a series of welded soils, whereas in contrast, the Kurtak site consists of six paleosols with interbedded loess. The paleosols consist largely of Brunisols and Chernozems. Although the three areas examined have different climates, geographical settings, and loess source areas, they all had similar climate changes during the last interglacial-glacial cycle. 相似文献
15.
The sand–loess transition zone in north China is sensitive to climate change, and is an ideal place to investigate past environmental changes. However, past climate change at millennial–centennial timescales in this region has not been well reconstructed because of limited numerical dating. Alternations of sandy loam soils with aeolian sand layers in the Mu Us and Otindag sand fields, which lie along the sand–loess transition zone, indicate multiple intervals of dune activity and stability. This change is probably a response to variations of the East Asian monsoon climate during the late Quaternary. The single aliquot regeneration (SAR) optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating protocol, which has been successfully applied to aeolian deposits worldwide, is applied to these two sand fields in this study. The OSL ages provide reliable constraints for reconstruction of past climate changes at suborbital timescale. Sections in both sand fields contain aeolian sand beds recording millennial‐scale episodes of dry climate and widespread dune activation, including episodes at about the same time as Heinrich Event 5 and the Younger Dryas in the North Atlantic region. These results demonstrate the potential of aeolian sediments in semi‐arid north China to record millennial‐scale climatic events, and also suggest that dry–wet climate variation at the desert margin in China may be linked to climatic change elsewhere in the Northern Hemisphere, through atmospheric circulation. This article was published online on 27 November 2008. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected (16 December 2008). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
腾格里沙漠南缘土门剖面末次冰消期层段由3层沙丘砂、2层湖相沉积、2层古土壤和5层黄土构成,对各沉积相进行了年代学研究与主量元素含量测试,确定该层段为末次冰消期,计算了各沉积相CIA指数,结果显示CIA指数由大到小依次为沙丘砂 > 黄土 > 古土壤 > 湖相沉积。通过对比,发现CIA指示的各沉积相化学风化作用强度（气候环境）与已有粒度成分指示的该时期气候变化研究结论相矛盾,通过对该矛盾现象的深入研究和探讨,得到以下认识:1）研究层段的古土壤、湖相沉积、黄土的沉积物质可能来源于土门剖面东南一侧的黄土高原,沙丘砂沉积物质受北侧的腾格里沙漠沙丘砂强烈影响,各沉积相的物源化学元素存在差别使得不同沉积相CIA指数的对比存在先天性不足;2）土门剖面所处的低洼地形会产生汇水作用,使易迁移的钙、钠、钾等元素随降水迁移而汇聚于此,对不同沉积相的CIA值产生干扰,导致CIA指数偏小,其不能反映真实化学风化作用强度;3）应用CIA指数作为古气候变化的替代指标需综合考虑沉积相物源差异及沉积环境的影响,CIA指数用于指示古气候变化存在一定的适用性问题。 相似文献
17.
我国北方晚更新世以来古环境变化在总趋势上有一致性,但又有地区上的差别.青藏高原古气候变化有其特殊性,末次冰期寒冷气候开始早于其他地区;全新世暖期开始晚于其他地区1500年左右.除受全球性气候变化影响外,青藏高原的迅速上升也是影响我国北方晚更新世以来古环境的因素之一;华北平原未来生存环境变化中水资源的变化受人类活动影响很大.目前水资源开发利用程度高,预测于21世纪前半个世纪内缺水状况是严峻的,平原区缺水将大于80×108m3/a;我国北方在全新世大暖期后,气候环境的变化是在大暖期期间形成的环境基础上演变的.总的趋势是向以冷干为主的气候和向干旱化环境演化. 相似文献
18.
中国黄土研究新进展 (二)古气候与全球变化 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
本文扼要介绍最近几年来在中国黄土高分辨率气候地层、第四纪古气候演化型式以及冷期和暖期中黄土高原古气候空间格局研究方面的一些新进展。根据土壤地层学与地球化学、地球物理学手段的结合,2.5 Ma来的中国黄土系列可划分出37个大的气候旋回,其中含74个气候阶段,这74个气候阶段又可细分为110个次级阶段。第四纪气候振荡的幅度受气候周期长短所控制。从冷期到暖期的气候转换具有突变性,从暖期到冷期的气候转换具有渐变性。冷期堆积的黄土与暖期形成的土壤在性状上都有地带性分布的特征。 相似文献
19.
Le-ping Yue Li-rong Yang Zhi-pei Li Min Wang Wei-ji Zhang Hao-gang Nie 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(7):1197-1201
In this paper, nine sediment sequences in the inner desert, desert-loess transitional zone (agro-pastoral transitional zone)
and the northern margin of the Loess Plateau were investigated to study the sediments of Mu Us (Maowusu) and Otindaq (Hunshandake)
sandy land in northern China since the last glaciation. All of these sequences consisted of the upper Holocene dark paleosol
and the lower aeolian sand formed during the last glacial stage. The Mu Us and Otindaq sandy land became the active desert
since the last glaciation and covered a larger sandy area than at present. Mu Us sandy land began to show a landform of sandy
desert and expanded southward towards the northern boundaries of the Loess Plateau. The Holocene was characterized by the
advent of warmer and wetter climatic conditions in northern China, resulting in the rapid growth of surface vegetation and
Mu Us and Otindaq sandy land became a steppe. The thickness of surface soil reached up to as much as 50–80 cm. Thick paleosol
covered the drift sands, and served as a protective layer for the steppe and farmland. Although the last glacial cycle is
far away, paleo-aeolian sands formed during that period are still the material sources of regional desertification. Unreasonable
cultivation destroying the Holocene paleosol, combined with dry climate and strong wind would result in activation of paleo-
aeolian sand leading to the desertification of the study areas. 相似文献
20.
中国黄土研究新进展(一)黄土地层 总被引：39，自引：15，他引：39
本文扼要介绍最近几年中国黄土研究中的土壤地层学、磁性地层学、气候地层学、第四纪下界及海陆古气候对比等方面的新进展。根据新发现的黄土剖面,中国黄土中共可区分出37个土壤地层单位。中国黄土底界的古地磁年龄为2.5MaB.P.。2.5Ma以来,中国北方共经历了37次大的冷暖交替。2.5MaB.P.前后,全球气候出现了一次大的转型事件,它可作为第四纪的开始。中国黄土-古土壤系列同深海氧同位素记录在1.7Ma至今的时段上可以很好的对比;2.5Ma至1.7MaB.P.的气候变化,以黄土记录较为明确。 相似文献