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1.
抗滑桩结构土拱的分拆与联合研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用FLAC3D软件,建立了抗滑桩结构工程中摩擦拱、端承拱和联合拱3种数值模型。对比研究3种拱在形成发育、拱强度影响因素及规律等方面的异同,探讨了两单独拱的联合机制。结果表明,联合拱发育以摩擦拱形成为始点、以端承拱破坏为终点,两单独拱并存且各有明显的主导区。联合拱的分布区域、极限承载力和塑性区分布均可近似为两单独拱情况的叠加,且端承拱在其中占较大比例。不同影响因素对同种拱的影响性质及影响程度均存在差异,同一影响因素对不同拱的影响性质一致但影响程度不同。联合拱的分拆和两单独拱的联合,提供了研究土拱效应的新路径,有利于认识的深化和细化。 相似文献
2.
摩擦型岩土材料土拱效应微观机制颗粒流模拟分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用离散单元计算软件模拟太沙基活动门试验,从散粒体和微观角度研究在摩擦型岩土材料中产生土拱效应时颗粒位移、荷载传递的特点,并进一步研究了颗粒粒径、土体孔隙率、颗粒摩擦系数、活动门宽度以及活动门位移对土拱效应的影响。结果表明：由于土拱的作用,从拱脚往上一定范围内会将拱顶上方的竖向荷载转化成水平荷载并向两侧传递,同时伴随着两侧土体的侧向挤出。伴随活动门的下移,土拱效应在不断调整,增大颗粒粒径、减小孔隙率、增大颗粒摩擦系数、减小活动门宽度,不但可加强土拱效应,而且还能减小土拱效应的影响范围。 相似文献
3.
传统的土拱效应理论是基于上覆土体为无黏性土或饱和黏性土建立的,但非饱和状态是实际土体的常见情形,其力学特性受自然环境变化的影响。针对这一问题,基于太沙基（Terzaghi）平面土拱效应分析模型和土体单元主应力轴旋转理论,建立了考虑基质吸力的土拱效应松动土压力分析模型。依次给出了基质吸力在上覆土体内呈均匀分布、梯形分布、正三角分布和倒三角分布时的松动土压力和侧压力系数表达式。为验证该分析模型的正确性,采用FLAC建立了Trapdoor数值模型,理论计算与FLAC模拟结果非常吻合。最后,着重分析了上覆土体的饱和度、厚度、Trapdoor宽度、地下水上升和降雨等因素对松动土压力的影响。研究发现,松动土压力随土体饱和度先减小后增大,当达到进气值所对应的饱和度时松动土压力最小。 相似文献
4.
《Journal of Structural Geology》2003,25(10):1691-1711
Simulation of geodynamic processes in sandbox experiments requires analogue materials with a deformation behaviour that reproduces the deformation mechanisms of typical crustal rocks. We present data on the frictional strength of different sand types employing static and dynamic shear tests. The sand types analysed are characterised by an elastic/frictional plastic mechanical behaviour with a transient strain-hardening and strain-softening phase prior to transition to stable sliding. This is in conflict with the standard assumption of an ideal cohesionless Coulomb-material with constant frictional properties. The influence of the identified transient material properties on the kinematics, growth mechanisms, and internal deformation patterns of convergent sand wedges results in characteristic wedge segments which vary—depending on material compaction—between wedges with well defined segments (i.e. frontal-deformation zone, frontal-imbrication zone and internal-accumulation zone) with straight slopes and wedges with a continuous convex topographic profile. For most materials, only the frontal part of the wedge is critical during experimental runs. Taper and strength of the wedge segments can be shown to be controlled by the frictional properties of active faults. Wedge segmentation is controlled by a bulk-strength increase toward the rear of the wedge due to fault rotation in mechanically less-favourable orientations and plastic material hardening. The limit between the frontal critical parts of a wedge and internal stable parts is largely controlled by a critical state of stress upon which either renewed failure or fault inactivation occurs. On this basis, we suggest that critical-taper analysis of wedges must be restricted to specific kinematic segments. Comparison of the experimental results with the Nankai accretionary wedge suggests that our interpretation also applies to natural convergent wedges. Moreover, we provide constraints for the selection of adequate granular analogue materials to simulate typical crustal rocks in natural convergent wedges. 相似文献
5.
泥石流拦砂坝通常建造在沟床堆积物上。泥石流堆积物的渗透性是影响坝底扬压力的关键因素。目前关于土体渗透性的研究主要集中于无黏性粗粒土,对泥石流堆积物这种宽级配土体渗透性的研究比较缺乏。选择北川县泥石流沟床堆积物作为试验材料,通过渗透试验,确定了影响宽级配土渗透性的细颗粒上限粒径;在此基础上,通过试验研究了细颗粒含量与渗透系数的关系。结果表明,泥石流堆积物中粗颗粒仅起骨架作用,细颗粒才是决定其渗透性能的关键;显著影响宽级配土渗透性的细颗粒上限粒径为0.1 mm;细颗粒（<0.1 mm）含量与渗透系数呈负指数关系,并且当细颗粒含量超过20%以后,泥石流堆积土的渗透性趋于稳定。 相似文献
6.
In this note, a new method to calculate the equivalent Mohr–Coulomb friction angle ?′mc for cohesive and frictional materials is presented. This method makes a transformation from the failure surface for cohesive materials to the failure surface for cohesionless materials and obtains ?′mc as well as the principal stress ratio σ′1/σ′3 for cohesionless materials in the transformed space first, then obtains ?′mc for cohesive materials by linking σ′1/σ′3 in the transformed space and in the original space. In the application example, an analytical solution of the invariant stress ratio L is derived from the failure function in the transformed space. The influence of the intermediate effective principal stress σ′2 is also demonstrated using the already calculated ?′mc. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
黏性土桩间土拱效应计算与桩间距分析 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
土拱效应是安全经济地发挥抗滑桩等非连续支挡结构的支护功能的重要前提,桩间距与成拱作用密切相关。利用合理拱轴线几何特征与受压破裂角方位,通过力学概念分析,将黏性土土拱计算的平衡条件和强度条件综合简化为以拱脚处拱圈轴向压应力表达的形式。继而从最少且最易获得的土工材料参数（内聚力c、内摩擦角?）出发,根据轴向压应力与矢跨比函数关系,利用摩尔-库仑强度准则,推导了拱曲线与桩间距上下限的简便计算式,再以此进一步探讨了考虑土拱效应三维稳定的桩间距校核,并以工程实例验证,以对土拱效应的估算提供简便清晰的计算方法。 相似文献
8.
软土地基上高填方刚性涵洞地基承载力分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
山区沟谷软土地基上高填方刚性涵洞的应用较为广泛,然而,现有的计算理论对该类条件下涵洞地基承载力的认识还不够充分,对地基承载力提出过高的要求,反而为结构带来了不利影响。通过数值模拟和试验手段对涵洞的地基承载力进行深入分析。探讨基础埋深、宽度及软土固结对涵洞地基承载力的影响。研究表明,当基础埋深系数 5时,涵洞地基承载力特征值随着基础埋深的增大近似线性增加,当 5时,基础埋深对地基承载力特征值影响逐渐减小;但基础宽度对软土地基上刚性涵洞地基承载力特征值的影响甚小,实际工程中可不予考虑。此外,试验结果表明,固结度和固结压力对软土的黏聚力和内摩擦角有复合影响,固结度较大时,黏聚力和内摩擦角随固结压力的增大而明显增大。固结度和固结压力对内摩擦角的影响比对黏聚力的影响要大。高填方涵洞地基极限承载力随着软土固结度的增大而提高,当固结度达到90%时,地基极限承载力通常可提高36%以上;地基极限承载力随固结压力的增加呈非线性增大,其提高的幅度逐渐减小。 相似文献
9.
Stability of partially submerged slopes is analysed when dealing with water front structures such as reservoirs. This work presents a numerical study of the stability of partially submerged cohesionless slopes under no flow conditions. The analysis shows that critical conditions occur when water level is located close to the mid‐height of the slope. Safety factor for such cases may be significantly lower than the classical result tan(?)/tan(β), and the critical slip surfaces does not approach the surface of the slope. This apparent anomaly is related to a reduction in normal stresses and frictional resistance over submerged parts of the slip surface. These effects are particularly significant for flat slopes and low ratios of submerged to total unit weights. Commercially available slope stability software using common slope stability methods (e.g. Bishop's) can detect this behaviour with reasonable accuracy; however, when conducting such an analysis, the user needs to be aware of the counterintuitive behaviour of partially submerged cohesionless slopes in order to analyse the critical conditions. An instructive stability chart provides an overview of the effects of submergence thus drawing the attention of professionals to the observed phenomenon and its potential extent. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
边坡桩-土相互作用的土拱力学模型与桩间距问题 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
桩-土相互作用机制是边坡抗滑桩设计需要考虑的重要因素之一。基于抗滑桩在侧向荷载作用下的受力条件,通过土力学和弹性力学的基本理论,导出了桩-土作用下桩后土体任意点的应力解析解,建立了土拱的力学模型;获得了土拱应力的等值线分布,得出了双曲拱、扩肩拱、马鞍拱和圆弧拱4种土拱形态,分析了不同桩间距、桩宽、桩后距离及土体力学特性对土拱效应的影响及其变化规律,阐明了土拱的作用机制。以拱体内土体破坏时的极限平衡状态为依据,基于Mohr-Coulomb抗剪强度理论建立了最大桩间距控制方程,并给出了具体的工程实例,对桩-土相互作用机制和抗滑桩设计理论研究具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
11.
Christopher P. Bobko Benjamin Gathier J. Alberto Ortega Franz‐Josef Ulm Lavinia Borges Younane N. Abousleiman 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2011,35(17):1854-1876
An inverse micromechanics approach allows interpretation of nanoindentation results to deliver cohesive‐frictional strength behavior of the porous clay binder phase in shale. A recently developed strength homogenization model, using the Linear Comparison Composite approach, considers porous clay as a granular material with a cohesive‐frictional solid phase. This strength homogenization model is employed in a Limit Analysis Solver to study indentation hardness responses and develop scaling relationships for indentation hardness with clay packing density. Using an inverse approach for nanoindentation on a variety of shale materials gives estimates of packing density distributions within each shale and demonstrates that there exists shale‐independent scaling relations of the cohesion and of the friction coefficient that vary with clay packing density. It is observed that the friction coefficient, which may be interpreted as a degree of pressure‐sensitivity in strength, tends to zero as clay packing density increases to one. In contrast, cohesion reaches its highest value as clay packing density increases to one. The physical origins of these phenomena are discussed, and related to fractal packing of these nanogranular materials. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
为分析桩后土拱在滑动过程中的动态演化过程,设计了一种新型的土体相对变形监测系统,开展了物理模型试验和滑体强度参数分析试验,基于试验监测数据,引入了两个无量纲参数表征滑体相对变形程度和不均匀变形程度。试验结果表明：（1）基于桩后土拱变形与传递侧向力曲线特征,土拱演化可分为弹性形成阶段、塑性发展阶段和破坏阶段3个阶段。在破坏阶段观察到显著的三维破坏特征,在水平面上,土拱表现出成层的拱圈挤出破坏;在竖直面上,表现出中下部的滑体土率先开裂并塌落,然后在顶部出现悬链形状的裂缝。（2）随相对变形变化,桩后滑体强度参数在滑动过程中是处于一个动态的强化过程,就强化程度而言,黏聚力较内摩擦角更敏感。（3）前期相对靠后的滑体的相对变形程度与参数强化程度分别高于相对靠前的滑体和桩间滑体,因此,桩周滑体裂缝在向后发展过程中逐渐向桩间中心线发生偏转,在裂缝贯通后形成稳定支撑的拱形结构。 相似文献
13.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(6):712-716
Global compression is cited as the cause of both arch and rift development. Studies of the Saur Mountains indicate that graben structures (rifts) can be related to arch formation and respond to the same crustal stress. Several rift structures are interpreted as collapsed arches. – A. J. Woloshin. 相似文献
14.
《Computers and Geotechnics》1988,6(1):13-29
A review of numerous experimental data sets for frictional materials has led to a reformulation of the condition for plastic yielding in such materials. A yield function is proposed such that yield surfaces are equivalent to plastic work contours. Two parameters are required in this function. The yield surface resembles an asymmetric tear drop in the principal stress space. It includes tensile behavior of materials with effective cohesion. Work hardening and softening behavior can be simulated through the formulation of plasticity proposed herein. The capabilities of this mathematically consistent formulation are examined by comparisons with experimental data from two- and three-dimensional tests on different frictional materials. 相似文献
15.
冻融作用对饱和粉质黏土抗剪性能的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为研究季节冻土地区冻融作用对道路边坡土体抗剪性能的影响规律,在不同冻结和融化温度、不同冻融循环次数、开放和封闭体系条件下对冻融饱和原状粉黏土试样进行了不固结、不排水剪切试验。试验结果表明:饱和原状粉质黏土冻融后,黏聚力降低,内摩擦角增大,冻结温度越低,冻融作用对黏聚力和内摩擦角的影响越小,随着冻融循环次数的增加,5～7次冻结循环后二者的变化逐渐趋于稳定。水分补给会强化冻融作用对试验土抗剪性能的影响;融化温度对试验土的抗剪性能影响很小。 相似文献
16.
The extent to which the evolution of instabilities and failure across multiple length scales can be reproduced with the aid of a bifurcation analysis is examined. We adopt an elastoplastic micropolar constitutive model, recently developed for dense cohesionless granular materials within the framework of thermomicromechanics. The internal variables and their evolution laws are conceived from a direct consideration of the dissipative mechanism of force chain buckling. The resulting constitutive law is cast entirely in terms of the particle scale properties. It thus presents a unique opportunity to test the potential of micromechanical continuum formulations to reproduce key stages in the deformation history: the development of material instabilities and failure following an initially homogeneous deformation. Progression of failure, initiating from frictional sliding and rolling at contacts, followed by the buckling of force chains, through to macroscopic strain softening and shear banding, is reproduced. Bifurcation point, marking the onset of shear banding, occurred shortly after the peak stress ratio. A wide range of material parameters was examined to show the effect of particle scale properties on the progression of failure. Model predictions on the thickness and angle of inclination of the shear band and the structural evolution inside the band, namely the latitudinal distribution of particle rotations and the angular distributions of contacts and the normal contact forces, are consistent with observations from numerical simulations and experiments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
土拱效应广泛存在于结构?土相互作用体系中,并不可避免地受到动荷载的影响。为探究循环荷载下土拱的演化过程,开展了循环加载下的活动门试验,结合粒子图像测速法（PIV）,对土拱的结构形态、位移场及竖向应力的变化规律进行了分析。结果表明,初始土拱形成时活动门上方产生三角形脱空区,施加循环荷载后该结构边界逐渐沿竖向延伸并向填土表面发展,位移场影响范围呈扇形向两侧扩大。根据初始差异沉降的不同,土拱的发展演化呈现出最终状态的差异：达到新的稳定状态,或发生失稳破坏。循环荷载下,初始活动门位移较大时土拱更易趋于破坏,表现为脱空区贯通填土表面并形成竖向滑裂面。土拱结构的稳定性受到脱空区土体堆积对其下边界的支撑作用影响。 相似文献
18.
为了进一步合理确定悬臂式抗滑桩桩间距,在对以往关于开挖边坡抗滑桩桩间距分析模型缺陷讨论的基础上,提出在抗滑桩桩后局部所形成的拱脚处,两侧土拱在此交汇形成的是倒梯形受压区。在计算确定悬臂式抗滑桩桩间距时,除满足桩间静力平衡条件、土拱跨中及拱脚处的强度条件等基本控制条件外,还需满足桩计算宽度条件、桩土变形协调条件等附加条件,得到了确定桩间净距的方程组,通过迭代试算可以求解。依托一工程实例,定量地说明了在其他因素不变的情况下,桩间净距随桩后土体黏聚力或内摩擦角的增大而非线性增大,且桩间净距受黏聚力的影响更为敏感,同时桩间净距随着桩后坡体推力的增大而呈非线性减小。所提出的方法除可用于黏性土外,还可用于无黏性土。 相似文献
19.
以位于浙江省三门县蛇蟠岛清风洞古代凝灰岩采石场中的某组结构面（编号分别为J1～J4）为研究对象,利用反分析方法得到了结构面的长期抗剪强度参数：凝聚力c =0.078 MPa,内摩擦角? =15.76°。反分析的具体步骤如下：①假设结构面J1～J4符合摩尔-库仑准则,且岩石为均质弹性和各向同性的;②根据结构面处于极限平衡状态（即稳定性系数k =1）,列出以参数c、? 为未知数的极限平衡方程;③利用FLAC3D进行三维数值计算,并从计算结果中提取求解极限平衡方程所需的数据,并将数据代入上述方程便可得到4个二元一次方程;④求解此矛盾方程组即可得结构面的长期抗剪强度参数c、? 值 相似文献
20.
土体本构模型的建立往往需要以等向压缩模型为基础。通过对无黏性土等向压缩特性的分析,发现无黏性土等向压缩状态下压缩指数的大小与当前孔隙比和球应力密切相关,进而提出了以当前孔隙比和球应力为变量的可分离函数表示的压缩指数表达式。在此基础上得到一个可以描述无黏性土压缩特性的三参数压缩模型。与试验数据的对比表明,该模型能够较好地拟合不同初始孔隙比下无黏性土等向压缩试验的孔隙比-应力关系。与以极限压缩曲线为参考线建立的压缩模型相比,在拟合低应力区无黏性土的孔隙比-应力关系时,提出的新模型更具有实用性。新模型也可为无黏性土建立本构模型提供基础。 相似文献