共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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基于层面法向局部坐标系中的横观各向同性弹性本构模型,根据层面产状方位角,推导出整体坐标系中弹性应力的转换方法。针对层状岩体的各向异性特征,将岩体的破坏模式细分为5种,分别对每一种破坏模式建立各自的判别函数和屈服准则,根据塑性流动正交法则推导出相应的应力修正迭代计算方法。通过单轴、三轴压缩数值试验,对层状岩体的强度和变形性质进行研究,分析层面倾角和围压对层状岩体力学行为的影响。将所建模型与FLAC3D自带的横观各向同性弹性模型以及遍布节理模型进行对比,验证模型的正确性及精度。同时,将模型应用于三向等压理想圆形隧洞的开挖计算中,分析层状岩体破坏方式受层面方位角影响的变化规律,分析结果表明层面对围岩破坏模式和塑性区扩展方向起到了控制作用。 相似文献
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The implementation of the non-linear elastic multi-surface plastic kinematic constitutive soil model ALTERNAT into a general uncoupled finite element program called ALTICA is described. The principal features of the model are discussed and its implementation into an initial stress type excess plastic stress redistribution algorithm. To show the abilities of the model and validate the algorithm, several examples are presented including the calibration of the model to a real sand with measured monotonic and cyclic properties. In the monotonic examples, the ability of ALTICA to accurately reproduce the predicted collapse load of geotechnical structures is demonstrated using the results of finite element simulations of two typical boundary value problems (with known analytical or numerical solutions). In the cyclic examples, results of cyclic liquefaction simulation using both a non-inertial ‘static’ and inertial ‘dynamic’ algorithm are presented. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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基于Drucker-Prager（下简称D-P）准则,建立压缩载荷作用下的非贯通节理岩石的弹塑性断裂模型。针对节理岩石小范围屈服翼裂纹尖端塑性区,推导了D-P屈服准则的纯I、纯II及I、II复合型3种翼裂纹无量纲塑性区径长函数,并与Mises准则的塑性区进行对比;结果表明,D-P准则的I型和复合型塑性区较Mises屈服准则的塑性区大,且其II型及I、II复合型塑性区在翼裂纹上下表面不连续。进一步,引入断裂软化因子以表征节理岩石裂隙断裂扩展后的断裂软化规律,考虑非贯通节理岩石复合型断裂软化,是由于节理尖端翼裂纹应变能密度超过最小应变能密度导致其成核扩展引起的,提出用应变能密度的指数函数形式表征断裂软化变量的演化;塑性屈服函数采用Borja等的应力张量3个不变量的硬化/软化函数,反映塑性内变量及应力状态对硬化函数的影响;建立节理岩石的弹塑性断裂本构关系及其数值算法,并用回映隐式积分算法编制了弹塑性断裂模型的程序。以单轴压缩下非贯通节理岩石为例,分析岩石断裂韧度、节理摩擦系数和节理倾角等参数的影响,结果表明,所提出的弹塑性断裂模型与数值和试验结果比较吻合。 相似文献
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厦门海底隧道顶板厚度选择及其开挖稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在厦门海底隧道轴线的地质剖面图上,选取了4个典型的剖面,应用多裂隙岩体三维弹塑性本构关系和损伤演化方程进行数值分析研究,得到了应力分布、洞周位移、塑性区、损伤区等结果。通过对应力扰动区的分析,以及隧道轴线位置、轴线升高或降低后各剖面应力扰动范围与弱风化层厚度的对比,很容易确定厦门海底隧道的最小顶板厚度;根据应力分布、洞周位移、塑性区、损伤区结果,评价了海底隧道的开挖稳定性。二者的有机结合,说明了将设计方案的轴线位置提高4 m后隧道是稳定的。 相似文献
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Most of water inrush incidents in coalmines are originally derived from a seepage flow through rock mass fractures, particularly in fault zones. Water inrush is typically caused by hydromechanical coupling interactions induced by human activities. Taking the Zhaogezhuang coalmine in northern China as an example, the progress of a lagging water inrush, which occurred at a depth of about ?1,100 m, was simulated and analyzed based on the hydromechanical coupling mechanism. A 3D model incorporating the main structures of the study area was constructed based on the geological data and field investigation. The equivalent continuum medium was employed to describe fault zones. Processes of determining the mechanical, rheological and hydraulic parameters are discussed in details. Three hydromechanical coupling models are applied: (1) the elastoplastic strain-fluid coupling mechanism in rock mass within the fault zone, (2) the inelastic creep-fluid coupling mechanism in rock materials within the fault gouge, and (3) the stress-permeability coupling mechanism in the fractured porous rocks. The evolution of water-recharge zones along the fault zone was presented in different mining phases. By comparing the simulated pore pressures with the in situ monitored ones, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) the actual hydraulic behaviors are a combination of the long-term trends and short-term effects; (2) the creep-fluid coupling model reflects the rock hydraulic behaviors of long-term trends, while the elastoplastic strain-fluid coupling model demonstrates the short-term effects; (3) a prediction method called ‘time window’ for the risk of the lagging water inrush is proposed. Its feasibility is discussed. 相似文献
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由双重孔隙-裂隙介质热-水-应力耦合模型退化为单一孔隙介质模型,将其与岩体扩容梯度引入笔者所研制的二维有限元程序中,使用Mohr-Coulomb准则,计入塑性扩容对岩体孔隙率及渗透系数的影响,针对一个假设的实验室尺度且位于饱和孔隙介质岩体中的高放废物地质处置库模型,拟定不同扩容梯度值的5种工况,进行4年处置时段的数值模拟,考察了岩体中的温度、正应力、塑性区、孔隙率及渗透系数、孔隙水压力和地下水流速的变化、分布情况。结果主要显示,相比于不考虑扩容梯度的工况,考虑扩容梯度工况的正应力、孔隙率及渗透系数、孔隙水压力和地下水流速等的分布与塑性区的分布有明显的对应关系,呈现了某种"剪切带效应";正应力量值、塑性区面积、孔隙率及渗透系数、孔隙水压力、地下水流速等均随所取扩容梯度值的变大而增加。 相似文献
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A severe dependence of numerical simulations on the mesh density is usually attributed to the presence of strain softening in the constitutive relation. However, other material instabilities, like non-associated plastic flow, can also cause mesh sensitivity. Indeed, loss of ellipticity in quasi-static analyses is the fundamental cause of the observed mesh dependence. It has been known since long that non-associated plastic flow can cause loss of ellipticity, but the consequence for mesh sensitivity, and subsequently, for the difficulty of the equilibrium-finding iterative procedure to converge have remained largely unnoticed. We first demonstrate at the hand of a biaxial test structural softening and a marked mesh dependence for an ideally plastic material equipped with a non-associated flow rule. The phenomena are then analysed in depth using an infinitely long shear layer. Finally, it is shown that the mesh effect disappears when the standard continuum model is replaced by a Cosserat continuum, a well-known regularisation method for strain-softening constitutive relations. 相似文献
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In this paper, a phenomenological constitutive model is proposed to simulate the stress–strain behaviours of intact rocks with shear failure mode. The model captures a wide range of behaviours of rock material such as elastic, plastic, strain softening, ‘Class II’, strain localization, elastic modulus degradation, etc. The sensitivity of the stress–strain relation on the parameters is also investigated. Typical results obtained by testing a number of granite and marble specimens are used to validate the proposed model. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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针对大跨度地下工程结构受力复杂、安全风险高的工程特点,采用理论分析、经验评价、数值模拟的综合评价方法,对某地下实验大厅的支护结构稳定性进行综合评价。通过多种塑性力学计算方法,对比了卡柯（Caquot）公式、芬纳（Fenner）公式、修正的芬纳公式或卡斯特纳（Kastner）公式在具体工程中的应用,优化分析得出适合于硬岩条件下大跨度结构的理论分析方法。采用Q评价系统和工程类比方法,确定了大跨度地下工程锚杆、锚索和喷射混凝土的支护参数,通过相似工程的经验类比,认为锚索长度应不小于跨度的40%。采用三维离散元计算方法对支护结构的稳定性进行数值模拟,数值计算中的岩体采用基于HB强度准则的应变软化模型,结构面采用基于摩尔-库仑强度准则的理想弹塑性模型。通过数值分析,对边墙上部施加3排预应力锚索,边墙变形得到抑制,同时围岩潜在失稳块体数量和范围显著得到有效的控制。通过支护结构的应力分析得出60％的锚杆轴力在2.0～2.25 MN之间,表明地下工程具有良好的安全性。建立了塑性区理论分析、经验类比和数值模拟的综合评价方法,形成三位一体的评价体系,可有效地对大跨度支护结构的合理性进行评价。综合分析可知,支护方案设计合理时,能够有效应对围岩中的块体稳定风险和高应力破坏现象;在局部安全性较差的部位,锚索和锚杆应力水平相对较高,可以考虑对适当降低锚索预张拉力、增加随机锚杆数量。 相似文献
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由于经典的塑性力学无法根据Drucker塑性公设从理论上证明非相关联流动准则,因而从连续介质热力学基本原理出发研究土的弹塑性模型。根据率无关塑性力学理论,通过Gibbs自由能和多个独立耗散函数,建立土的多重屈服准则及其流动准则,证明了屈服准则重数和独立耗散函数个数相等,分析了耗散函数形式对屈服准则和塑性流动准则的影响。分析了一簇新的能够同时考虑相关联流动准则和非相关联流动准则的粘土的Gibbs自由能和耗散函数的表达式,殷宗泽双屈服面模型是其特例,但新模型具有更为明确的物理含义,能考虑非相关联流动准则的情况。根据粘土室内实验选取了模型参数,并与实测应力-应变曲线进行对比,说明新模型可以模拟粘土的多重屈服面本构关系。 相似文献
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岩盐弹塑性损伤耦合模型研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
岩盐力学模型是进行能源岩盐储存工程稳定性分析的基础,而损伤和塑性机制并存且相互耦合是岩盐力学行为的基本特点。采用云应岩盐,进行了多组围压条件下的三轴压缩试验,分析了不同围压下岩盐的变形特征。在试验分析的基础上,提出了一种能够描述岩盐特性的弹塑性损伤耦合的模型,该模型描述了岩盐损伤的演化和塑性变形的耦合关系,并引入了一种非关联的塑性流动法则来描述岩盐从塑性体积压缩到膨胀的转化。采用该模型对在三轴压缩下的岩盐应力-应变关系进行了模拟分析,并与试验数据进行了对比,结果表明该模型能够较好地描述岩盐的主要力学和变形特性。 相似文献
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A new constitutive model for soft structured clays is developed based on an existing model called S‐CLAY1S, which is a Cam clay type model that accounts for anisotropy and destructuration. The new model (E‐SCLAY1S) uses the framework of logarithmic contractancy to introduce a new parameter that controls the shape of the yield surface as well as the plastic potential (as an assumed associated flow rule is applied). This new parameter can be used to fit the coefficient of earth pressure at rest, the undrained shear strength or the stiffness under shearing stress paths predicted by the model. The improvement to previous constitutive models that account for soil fabric and bonding is formulated within the contractancy framework such that the model predicts the uniqueness of the critical state line and its slope is independent of the contractancy parameter. Good agreement has been found between the model predictions and published laboratory results for triaxial compression tests. An important finding is that the contractancy parameter, and consequently the shape of the yield surface, seems to change with the degree of anisotropy; however, further study is required to investigate this response. From published data, the yield surface for isotropically consolidated clays seems ‘bullet’ or ‘almond’ shaped, similar to that of the Cam clay model; while for anisotropically consolidated clays, the yield surface is more elliptical, like a rotated and distorted modified Cam clay yield surface. © 2015 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
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唯象学本构模型不能很好解决诸如夹杂含量、温度、应变速率等对盐岩力学性质的影响,更难以解释盐岩变形机制。盐岩为石岩晶体组成,其变形机制主要由多晶结构所控制,故基于固体位错理论研究方法建立的盐岩塑性本构模型更能反映盐岩的变形机制。研究表明,盐岩的塑性-蠕变交互作用机制是（亚）晶粒内部位错的滑移与（亚）晶界及其干涉面内位错的攀移运动之间的耦合。基于此,可确定亚晶（或晶粒）平均尺寸与流动应力之间的关系、（亚）晶内的位错平均密度;建立微观参量（位错、亚晶直径、亚晶界宽度等）演化模式;根据Orowan定律建立盐岩微观-宏观变形联系,从而导出盐岩塑性本构方程。导出的本构方程体现了盐岩塑性-蠕变变形的物理机制,相对于传统的塑性本构方程具有更好的物理意义。 相似文献
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基于Hoek-Brown准则的隧洞围岩变形研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于在许多实际条件下,比如节理岩体中,线性的M-C准则不太适用,非线性的Hoek-Brown比较适用,因此,可以尝试使用这一非线性屈服准则对洞室变形进行研究。研究隧洞变形时,将围岩分为弹性区、应变软化区、塑性流动区。采用Hoek-Brown准则和非关联流动法则对洞室变形进行了理论推导;软化区域围岩参数随着塑性变形增加而变化,解析法难以求得应力,采用龙格－库塔方法进行数值计算,求解得到塑性软化区和流动区半径,并最终求得洞室变形。通过算例计算表明,在不考虑软化区和流动区时,方法和Carranza-Torres计算结果相差甚小;随着原岩应力的增加,膨胀角对洞室变形的影响增大。 相似文献
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Hossein Masoumi Kurt J. Douglas Adrian R. Russell 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2016,49(1):47-62
A new constitutive model for intact rock is presented recognising that rock strength, stiffness and stress–strain behaviour are affected by the size of the rock being subjected to loading. The model is formulated using bounding surface plasticity theory. It is validated against a new and extensive set of unconfined compression and triaxial compression test results for Gosford sandstone. The samples tested had diameters ranging from 19 to 145 mm and length-to-diameter ratios of 2. The model captures the continuous nonlinear stress–strain behaviour from initial loading, through peak strength to large shear strains, including transition from brittle to ductile behaviour. The size dependency was accounted for through a unified size effect law applied to the unconfined compressive strength—a key model input parameter. The unconfined compressive strength increases with sample size before peaking and then decreasing with further increasing sample size. Inside the constitutive model two hardening laws act simultaneously, each driven by plastic shear strains. The elasticity is stress level dependent. Simple linear loading and bounding surfaces are adopted, defined using the Mohr–Coulomb criterion, along with a non-associated flow rule. The model simulates well the stress–strain behaviour of Gosford sandstone at confining pressures ranging from 0 to 30 MPa for the variety of sample sizes considered. 相似文献
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基于Drucker-Prager准则的岩石弹塑性损伤本构模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大多数岩石材料软化本构模型在硬化函数中引入塑性内变量来表示材料的硬化/软化性质,但并不能反映岩石微裂隙损伤对材料力学性能的影响及单轴拉伸和压缩所表现的初始屈服强度f0与屈服极限fu的差异。基于D-P准则同时考虑塑性软化及损伤软化,建立岩石类材料的弹塑性本构关系及其数值算法。塑性屈服函数采用Borja等的应力张量的硬化/软化函数,反映塑性内变量及应力状态对硬化函数的影响;由于岩石损伤软化是微裂隙扩展所导致的体积膨胀引起的,因此,提出用体积应变表征岩石损伤变量的演化,并用回映隐式积分算法编制了岩石的弹塑性损伤本构程序。对单轴压缩及拉伸荷载作用下的岩石材料试验进行数值模拟,结果表明,所提出的岩石弹塑性损伤本构模型可以较好地符合岩石材料的力学特性。 相似文献
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非共轴本构模型在地基承载力数值计算中若干影响因素的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土体在剪切变形过程中产生主应力方向的旋转时,主应变增量方向与主应力方向之间存在着非共轴现象,然而传统的弹塑性本构模型未能考虑该现象的影响。通过在屈服面的切线方向增加一项非共轴塑性应变增量,即可实现对非共轴现象的反映。采用显式积分算法和自动分步方法,将非共轴本构模型运用到桶形基础地基承载力问题的有限元计算中,并讨论了流动法则、内摩擦角、膨胀角等因素与非共轴模型的联系。计算结果表明：采用有限元程序默认容许误差时,该本构模型可达到理想的收敛精度,并且,该模型对关联、非关联流动法则均适用。采用共轴模型进行数值计算时,不同流动法则对计算结果的影响可以忽略;采用非共轴模型时,不同流动法则的计算结果之间存在差异。非共轴现象对地基承载力-位移曲线具有软化作用,并且,该软化作用在采用非关联流动法则时变得更加明显 相似文献