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Peter Wilson 《Geological Journal》2004,39(1):111-115
From mapping and consideration of prominent drift ridges at Stockdale Head, western Lake District, northern England it is inferred that the ridges are the products of dissection of a glacigenic or soliflual drift sheet rather than landforms constructed at the margins of a Loch Lomond Stade (LLS) valley‐head glacier. This proposal has implications for the recognition of LLS glacier limits and, possibly, understanding the dearth of moraine ridges associated with Dimlington ice in Lake District valleys. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Colin K. Ballantyne 《第四纪科学杂志》2007,22(4):343-359
Geomorphological mapping of northern Arran provides evidence for two advances of locally nourished glaciers, the younger being attributable to the Loch Lomond Stade (LLS) of ca. 12.9–11.5 k yr BP, primarily through the mutually exclusive relationship between glacial limits and Lateglacial periglacial features. The age of the earlier advance is unknown. Inferred LLS glacier cover comprised two small icefields and eight small corrie or valley glaciers and totalled 11.1 km2. ELAs reconstructed using area–altitude balance ratio methods range from 268 m to 631 m for individual glaciers, with an area‐weighted mean ELA of 371 m. ELAs of individual glaciers are strongly related to snow‐contributing areas. The area‐weighted mean ELA is consistent with a north–south decline in LLS ELAs along the west coast of Great Britain. This decline has an average latitudinal gradient of 70 m 100 km?1, equivalent to a mean southwards ablation‐season temperature increase of ca. 0.42°C 100 km?1. Mean June–August temperatures at the regional climatic ELA, estimated from chironomid assemblages in SE Scotland, lay between 5.7 ± 0.1°C and 4.1 ± 0.2°C. Empirical relationships between temperature and precipitation at modern glacier ELAs indicate equivalent mean annual precipitation at the ELA lay between 2002 ± 490 mm and 2615 ± 449 mm. These figures suggest that stadial precipitation on Arran fell within a range between +8% and ?33% of present mean annual precipitation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Colin K. Ballantyne 《第四纪科学杂志》2002,17(8):759-771
Geomorphological mapping of Mull provides evidence for an icefield 143 km2 in area flanked by six corrie glaciers with a total area of ca. 13 km2. The absence of Lateglacial periglacial features, shorelines and pollen sites from the area occupied by this readvance, together with radiocarbon dating of shell fragments, confirm that it occurred during the Loch Lomond (Younger Dryas) Stade. The thickness of glacigenic deposits within the area of the readvance is attributed to reworking of paraglacial sediments. Up‐valley continuity of recessional moraines indicates that the ice remained active and near to equilibrium during retreat, consistent with slow warming following the coldest part of the stade. Reconstructed equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) imply vigorous snow‐blowing by westerly winds, and are consistent with a general southwestwards decline in ELAs across the Scottish Highlands. An ELA of 250 m was calculated for the Mull Icefield using an ablation:accumulation balance ratio (ABR) approach. Palaeotemperature and palaeoprecipitation estimates were derived by calculating a theoretical regional ELA from meteorological data and assuming that the combination of temperature and precipitation implied by the theoretical ELA approximates conditions at 250 m on Mull during the Loch Lomond Stade. The result indicates a mean July sea‐level temperature of 5.7 ± 0.5°C and a mean annual precipitation at 250 m of ca. 2700–3800 mm (best estimate 3200 mm), indicating higher precipitation totals than at present owing to more vigorous atmospheric circulation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Geomorphological mapping in the West Drumochter Hills provides evidence of a readvance of locally nourished glaciers during the Loch Lomond (Younger Dryas) Stade, in the form of an icefield 67.7 km2 in area drained by outlet glaciers. The icefield limits accord broadly with those proposed by Sissons (1980) but all geomorphic, stratigraphic and sedimentological evidence conflicts with a recent proposal that the landforms in the area reflect southwestwards retreat of the last ice sheet. Up‐valley continuity of recessional moraines indicates that the ice remained active and close to climatic equilibrium during the earlier stages of glacier retreat, consistent with slow warming following the coldest part of the stade. The pattern of equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) across the icefield is consistent with transfer of snow by westerly and southerly winds. The ELA of the reconstructed icefield as a whole is 622–629 m, although this figure is likely to be lower than the regional (climatic) ELA because the icefield probably received additional snow blown from adjacent plateau surfaces and slopes. Inclusion of potential snow‐blow areas in the ELA calculation yields a value of 648–656 m; the climatic ELA is therefore likely to have lain between 622 and 656 m. Mean June to August temperature at the ELA, based on chironomid assemblages at two sites, falls within the range 4.0 ± 0.7°C. Empirical relationships between temperature and precipitation at modern glacier ELAs indicate that mean annual precipitation (MAP) at the ELA was 1977 ± 464 mm, statistically indistinguishable from modern values. Comparison with precipitation values calculated for the Isle of Mull on the west coast suggest that the precipitation gradient across the Central Highlands of Scotland was steeper during the Loch Lomond Stade than at present, probably as the result of efficient scavenging of precipitation from westerly airflows by the West Highland Icefield. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Tatsuo Nozaki Kentaro Nakamura Hiroshi Osawa Koichiro Fujinaga Yasuhiro Kato 《Resource Geology》2005,55(4):301-310
Abstract. We report whole‐rock chemical data for the greenstones from the Kunimiyama area in the Northern Chichibu Belt and their implications on the tectonic setting of these rocks. The Kunimiyama greenstones are associated with stratiform fer‐romanganese deposits or bedded cherts in the northern part of the study area, but are closely associated with a thick limestone block or bedded cherts in the southern part. The constituent minerals of greenstones are albitized plagioclase, clinopy‐roxene, chlorite, calcite, epidote, pumpellyite, prehnite, quartz, celadonite, sericite and opaque minerals such as iron oxyhy‐droxide and hematite. These mineral assemblages, epidote + pumpellyite + chlorite and chlorite + pumpellyite + prehnite, suggest that the metamorphic grade of greenstones from the Kunimiyama area is prehnite‐pumpellyite facies. The whole‐rock chemical compositions of greenstones associated with ferromanganese deposits are generally similar to those of normal mid‐ocean ridge basalt (N‐MORB). In contrast, the chemical compositions of the greenstones associated with the limestone block are comparable to those of ocean island alkaline basalt. Greenstones associated with bedded cherts are of enriched MORB and ocean island basalt, as well as N‐MORB origins, suggesting they probably formed as a result of plume‐related MOR volcanism in the Panthalassa Ocean in Early Permian and by tectonic mixing of ocean island basalts with oceanic ridge crustal fragments during accretion/subduction processes. These geological and geochemical lines of evidence suggest that the Kunimiyama greenstones are allochthonous blocks of accreted oceanic crust and seamounts. The ferromanganese deposits are frequently accompanied by reddish greenstones. Compared to common greenish greenstones, the reddish greenstones are characterized by high MnO and rare earth element contents and distinct negative Ce anomalies, implying a slight contribution of hydro thermal component forming the ferromanganese deposits. 相似文献
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西准噶尔达尔布特南构造-岩浆岩带斑岩型铜-钼矿新发现及找矿思路 总被引：12，自引：7，他引：5
西准噶尔仅有较少的斑岩型多金属矿床产出,这与其所在的巨型中亚成矿域的哈萨克斯坦环巴尔喀什-新疆西准噶尔成矿省这一重要的构造部位可能并不相称,有必要深入成矿研究和拓宽找矿思路。近年来笔者在该区的区域地质矿产调查和关键岩体初步研究的基础上,新发现了本文报道的吐克吐克、宏远和红山铜-钼矿点。据此类矿点以及包古图斑岩铜金矿的时空分布和赋矿岩体岩石类型等,提出建立达尔布特南构造岩浆带斑岩型Cu-Mo成矿区这一思路。今后的找矿思路是加强该带斑岩体时空分布、岩石成因类型、成矿物质来源以及矿化特征、成矿对比、区域构造等研究,建立找矿模型,用模型指导勘探找矿,而非仅仅利用物化探异常或仓促的大量勘探进行工程验证。 相似文献
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浙江省陈蔡群的^40Ar—^39Ar年龄与变质年代 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文对陈蔡群变质岩进行了４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ年龄测定。其中在诸暨陈蔡测得的４１５．１Ｍａ的坪年龄代表了主变质晚期的冷却年代。采自义乌尚阳的样品受燕山期火山活动影响有明显的氩丢失，与主变质有关的年龄亦明显降低，仅３１５．３Ｍａ。在龙泉东书获得的年龄谱和当地广泛发育的混合岩化作用有关，２７６．９Ｍａ的坪年龄为这次热事件的冷却年代。根据对现有年代资料的讨论，可以认为不同衰变体系记录了陈蔡群主变质事件的演化。Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ体系在变质早中期实现均匀化，年龄值为５５２．４～６６０．６Ｍａ。锆石、磷灰石在变质高峰期形成的铅丢失年龄为５０８，４～５７８Ｍａ。上述资料表明陈蔡群主变质年代属加里东期。 相似文献
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西秦岭寨上金矿床中石英和绢云母40Ar/39Ar定年 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
寨上金矿是西秦岭地区近年新发现的大型金矿床。为确定该金矿床的成矿时代,对其含金石英、蚀变绢云母进行了40Ar/39Ar快中子活化法测定。2件样品的40Ar/39Ar坪年龄及等时线年龄分别为(130.62±1.38)Ma、(129.24±1.23)Ma和(125.28±1.26)Ma、(125.56±1.20)Ma,测试结果可信。40Ar/39Ar法年龄测定结果表明,寨上金矿床形成于燕山晚期,并可能历经了约5Ma时间最终形成。对西秦岭地区已有的金矿床测年数据进行分析后认为,该区可能存在3个金矿成矿高峰期,即220~170Ma、130Ma前后和50Ma左右。 相似文献
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云南墨江金厂镍_金矿床镍矿化地质特征及形成时间 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
云南墨江金厂镍_金矿床位于北西走向的哀牢山蛇绿混杂岩带,镍矿体分布于金厂超基性岩体接触带附近的北西走向构造破碎带中,含矿围岩主要为上泥盆统金厂组烂山段变余粉砂岩、石英岩和板岩,少数为硅质菱镁岩和蛇纹岩。镍矿体与围岩为过渡关系,多数与金矿体在空间上分离,少数重叠、穿插,镍矿化时间晚于金矿化。镍矿体以强烈铬绢云母化、硅化和黄铁矿化为特征,矿石类型有绿色泥岩稠密浸染状黄铁矿型和石英岩浸染状黄铁矿型两种,含镍0.5%至1.2%。矿石的金属矿物组合为黄铁矿_方硫镍矿_辉砷镍矿_辉锑矿_闪锌矿,镍矿化属于中低温热液矿化。为了了解金厂镍矿化与超基性岩成岩的时间和成因联系,在了解区域超基性岩体形成时代的基础上,测定了两类镍矿体中3个蚀变铬绢云母的40Ar/39Ar年龄。铬绢云母的40Ar/39Ar似坪年龄分别为(63.09±0.16)Ma、(62.05±0.14)Ma和(61.55±0.23)Ma,代表镍矿化时间。镍矿化发生于新生代初,比金厂超基性岩侵入晚240Ma以上,金厂镍_金矿床镍矿体是海西期形成的金厂超基性岩在新生代初受热液淋滤形成的。 相似文献
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40Ar/39Ar Dating of Xuebaoding Granite in the Songpan-Garzê Orogenic Belt, Southwest China, and its Geological Significance 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
<正>Thus far,our understanding of the emplacement of Xuebaoding granite and the occurrence and evolution of the Songpan-Garze Orogenic Belt has been complicated by differing age spectra results.Therefore,in this study,the ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar and sensitive high resolution ion micro-probe(SHRIMP) U-Pb dating methods were both used and the results compared,particularly with respect to dating data for Pankou and Pukouling granites from Xuebaoding,to establish ages that are close to the real emplacements.The results of SHRIMP U-Pb dating for zircon showed a high amount of U,but a very low value for Th/U.The high U amount,coupled with characteristics of inclusions in zircons,indicates that Xuebaoding granites are not suitable for U-Pb dating.Therefore,muscovite in the same granite samples was selected for ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar dating.The ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar age spectrum obtained on bulk muscovite from Pukouling granite in the Xuebaoding,gave a plateau age of 200.1±1.2 Ma and an inverse isochron age of 200.6±1.2 Ma.The ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar age spectrum obtained on bulk muscovite from Pankou granite in the Xuebaoding gave another plateau age of 193.4±1.1 Ma and an inverse isochron age of 193.7±1.1 Ma. The ~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar intercept of 277.0±23.4(2σ) was very close to the air ratio,indicating that no apparent excess argon contamination was present.These age dating spectra indicate that both granites were emplaced at 200.6±1.3 Ma and 193.7±1.1 Ma,respectively.Through comparison of both dating methods and their results,we can conclude that it is feasible that the muscovite in the granite bearing high U could be used for ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar dating without extra Ar.Based on this evidence,as well as the geological characteristics of the Xuebaoding W-Sn-Be deposit and petrology of granites,it can be concluded that the material origin of the Xuebaoding W-Sn-Be deposit might partially originate from the Xuebaoding granite group emplacement at about 200 Ma.Moreover,compared with other granites and deposits distributed in various positions in the Songpan-Garze Orogenic Belt,the Xuebaoding emplacement ages further show that the main rare metal deposits and granites in peripheral regions occurred earlier than those in the inner Songpan-Garze.Therefore,~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar dating of Xuebaoding granite will lay a solid foundation for studying the occurrence and evolution of granite and rare earth element deposits in the Songpan-Garze Orogenic Belt. 相似文献
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佳木斯地块南缘牡丹江地区高压变质作用:黑龙江杂岩的岩石学和地质年代学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
牡丹江地区出露的黑龙江杂岩是由变质基性岩、泥质片岩、大理岩和变硅质岩系列组成的类似于蛇绿岩层序的构造混杂岩,代表了佳木斯地块西南缘碰撞增生的产物.钠长石和绿帘石变斑晶中共生的矿物组合(钠云母+蓝闪石+多硅白云母+绿帘石)的地质温压计估算结果表明,黑龙江杂岩的峰期变质的温压条件为T=320～4800℃,p=800--1600MPa,为典型的绿帘-蓝片岩相高压变质作用.黑龙江杂岩带中泥质片岩所含的多硅白云母单矿物给出的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄为164.9Ma±0.5Ma.根据白云母中K~Ar同位素体系的封闭温度(350～430℃)接近于得到的黑龙江杂岩的峰期变质温度,可以认为~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄指示了这期高压变质事件的年龄,也证实了黑龙江杂岩带中普遍存在一期中侏罗世末期的变质-热事件. 相似文献
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塔里木盆地塔中I号断裂带西缘奥陶系油气成藏与主控因素研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
塔中低凸起是塔里木盆地油气资源最丰富的地区之一,而塔中I号断裂带西缘也在多个层系中见到了不同程度的油气显示,并在上奥陶统良里塔格组获得了高产工业油气流,在下奥陶统鹰山组获得了低产油气流.本文通过油源对比、油气水物性对比、包裹体均一温度分析等方法并结合前人的研究成果,探讨了塔中I号断裂带西缘塔中86井区-塔中45井区奥陶系的油气成藏过程,认为该区奥陶系有过三期油气充注,即晚加里东期、晚海西期和燕山期-喜马拉雅期.晚加里东期的油气来自于寒武系-下奥陶统烃源岩,晚海西期的油气来自于中-上奥陶统烃源岩,两期油气均自塔中88井沿碳酸盐岩岩溶储层侧向运移而来;燕山期-喜马拉雅期主要以天然气为主,成因复杂.另外,认为该区油气富集的主控因素主要有3点:多源多期油气充注、优质的碳酸盐岩岩溶储层及各种成藏要素的优质配置. 相似文献
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全新世以来的环境演化历程及未来环境演化趋势是当今全球变化研究的热点。海水古盐度作为反映古环境的一个重要指标,在古环境反演中起着重要作用。基于广西北海近岸海域BBWZK8沉积柱的地球化学和年代学分析,运用ARIMA时间序列模型对沉积物中反映古盐度的重要地球化学指标——w(Sr)/w(Ba)比值的变化特征进行了拟合和预测。研究结果表明,ARIMA(1,1,0)模型可以较好地拟合4 200 a以来沉积物中w(Sr)/w(Ba)比值的演化规律,模型的拟合曲线与过去环境演化历程基本吻合,也与前人的研究成果有着较好的一致性;预测结果显示,在未来400 a中北海近岸海域沉积物中的w(Sr)/w(Ba)仍呈逐渐降低的趋势(即海水的盐度将持续增大),但相对于以往的变化幅度(过去1 200 a),其降低的趋势明显放缓,据此可推测在今后一段时间内,区域气候将保持缓慢干旱的态势。 相似文献
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西藏措勤县雄玛地区始新统林子宗群帕那组
火山岩地球化学特征及构造背景 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
西藏措勤县雄玛地区林子宗群帕那组火山岩大地构造位置位于冈底斯—念青唐古拉山板片,地层分区上属于冈底斯地层区、隆格尔—南木林地层分区。岩性主要为一套以浅灰色、灰绿色流纹质凝灰岩为主,夹浅黄绿色、灰绿色流纹岩及英安岩、火山角砾岩、杂砂岩及砾岩的岩石组合。之下与永珠组和拉嘎组呈喷发不整合接触。岩石地球化学特征表明该火山岩系属过铝质的高钾钙碱性—亚碱性系列,稀土元素地球化学中轻稀土元素明显富集,微量元素中大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、Th、U、LREE)富集,高场强元素(Nb、P、Ti)亏损。以上特征说明雄玛地区林子宗群帕那组火山岩岩浆源于陆壳重熔,属与俯冲造山有关的陆相火山岩,同时又兼具陆—陆碰撞的特点。推测帕那组火山岩形成于新特提斯洋壳俯冲基本结束,印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞开始的构造背景下,年龄大概在38Ma左右,为始新世晚期。 相似文献