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1.
In this paper results of triaxial and true triaxial testing conducted on physical models of a rock mass are used to describe its post failure behaviour. The specimens comprised of three continuous joint sets and were prepared from blocks of sand lime model material. The testing was performed using a True Triaxial System (TTS) developed by the authors. The results show strain hardening, strain softening and plastic behaviour in the simulated rock mass specimens depending upon joint geometry and stress state. Expressions are suggested to estimate post peak modulus in triaxial and true triaxial stress conditions. Finally, a zonation table is proposed to assess the strain hardening, softening and plasticity behaviour of a rock mass material with the help of joint geometry and confining stress conditions at site. 相似文献
2.
三轴压缩条件下裂隙性黄土的破坏特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过裂隙性黄土样的三轴压缩试验,利用土样裂隙和侧壁标记的网格在试验前后的对比与直观反映,描述了具有不同裂隙空间形态的不同性状土样在不同试验围压下的破坏特征,总结了其变形破坏规律,试验结果显示,裂隙性黄土的破坏分为脆性破坏和塑性破坏两种类型,表现为极强软化型、强软化型、软化型、理想塑性型（或弱软化型、弱硬化型）和硬化型5种型式,其破坏特征与土样原裂隙的空间形态及性质、试验围压等因素密切相关,形成的破裂面位置主要受土样的原裂隙、变形方式和上下底面透水石的边界控制。 相似文献
3.
充填体的变形破坏、能量耗散与围压的变化密切相关,通过开展不同灰砂配比、浓度的充填体单轴、三轴压缩试验,基于系列试验结果,研究了不同围压加载阶段充填体的变形特征、破坏模式及能量耗散与围压的内在关系。结果表明,随着围压的增加,充填体的峰值应变随之增大,且两者呈线性相关;低围压时充填体呈现脆性破坏,表现为应变软化特征,随着围压增大,充填体由脆性向应变硬化转化,灰砂比越大、浓度越高,充填体发生脆-延性的临界围压值越大。充填体的破坏裂纹发展形式各异,大致可分为单一、平行、交叉和复合4种类型;宏观破坏表现主要呈“X”状、“Y”状剪切模式,破坏面的类型主要分为：直线式光滑摩擦面、圆弧式破碎摩擦面、直线式破碎摩擦面以及台阶式破碎摩擦面。充填体的峰值强度与围压也呈正线性相关,内摩擦角对灰砂比的敏感性要高于浓度。围压的增大能够相当程度上提高充填体各阶段的应变能,峰前、峰后能耗量、单位体积变形能以及总能耗与围压皆呈正相关性。 相似文献
4.
黄土路堑边坡变形破坏机理的三轴试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过原状黄土的减压三轴压缩试验,研究了黄土边坡不同深度不同含水量土体的应力-应变关系,并与原状黄土的常规三轴试验结果进行了比较,发现减压三轴试验能合理地模拟和解释开挖卸荷作用下黄土边坡土体的变形与破坏过程。试验结果表明:坡脚开挖卸荷时,黄土边坡中浅层非饱和黄土易出现应变软化或塑性流动,强度较低,易产生较大变形,而深层饱和黄土仅在高围压下发生应变硬化,强度增加,在中低围压时均发生应变软化现象。分析认为黄土边坡特殊的工程地质条件,使得黄土边坡的特定部位在开挖卸荷作用下常形成了不利于土体稳定的含水量和围压组合,导致坡体特定部位的土体变形破坏,进而诱发边坡的变形破坏;开挖卸荷作用下黄土边坡变形破坏的力学机制应为蠕滑-压致拉裂或牵引式滑坡。 相似文献
5.
This paper presents an elasto‐plastic model for non‐linear analyses of cement‐treated sand. Various laboratory tests were systematically carried out to investigate the pre‐peak and post‐peak behaviours of a cement‐treated sand. On the basis of these experimental results, the new model was built within the framework of a relatively simple elasto‐plastic theory. Two failure criteria are employed to express tensile and shear failure characteristics observed in the experimental results of the cement‐treated sand. The proposed model can describe strain‐hardening and strain‐softening responses under both failure modes. In the strain‐softening rules, the smeared crack concept is used, and a characteristic length is considered to avoid the issue of mesh‐size dependency. Since the failure criterion and strain‐hardening/softening rules are based on the experimental evidences, the model is relatively easy to understand and the parameters used in the model have clear physical meaning. The proposed model was applied to simulate the behaviour of cement‐treated sand in various laboratory tests, allowing for a reasonable comprehensive evaluation. It was demonstrated that the proposed model is suitable for describing both the tensile and shear failure behaviours of cement‐treated sand. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
Effect of Temperature on the Strength Parameters at the Plastic Domain for Unconsolidated Sandstones
C. B. Morales-Monsalve I. F. Lara-Restrepo E. F. Araujo-Guerrero G. A. Alzate-Espinosa A. Arbelaez-Londoño A. Naranjo-Agudelo 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(6):3537-3549
Heavy and extra heavy oil reservoirs are subjected to high temperatures during thermal recovery processes like SAGD and CSS. In-situ temperature state changes throughout these operations may generate variations in the mechanical properties or strength parameters of the rock such as Young and Bulk’s modulus, internal friction angle, cohesion and dilation angle. This paper presents results about the variation of the elastic modulus and mechanical properties, in both elastic and plastic region due to changes in temperature and effective confining stress for reconstituted samples of Colombian unconsolidated sands. In order to study these changes, several drained triaxial tests are performed in a range of temperature between 50 and 230 °C and a range of effective confining stress between 0.4 and 8.2 MPa, these tests are carried out on reconstituted samples of oil sands recovered in an outcrop in the Magdalena middle valley of Colombia. The experimental results are analyzed with an analytical model based on the constitutive model of Mohr–Coulomb. The analysis is divided in two ways: First, the elastic region is analyzed calculating the variation of the elastic modulus (Young and bulk’s modulus) and the mechanical parameters (cohesion and internal friction angle) with temperature and effective confining stress, these calculus are done in the linear zone of the stress–strain curve. Then, the plastic region is analyzed using Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model with a non-associative flow rule in order to represent in a better way the dilatant/contractive behavior of the material, from this analysis is possible to obtain the behavior of the mechanical properties during plastic strains. The stress–strain curves obtained from the triaxial compression tests show that for the highest and medium effective confining stress (8.2 and 4.0 MPa), there is a hardening strain behavior after the yielding point that implies a loose sand behavior under confining conditions. Meanwhile, for lowest effective confining stress (0.4 MPa) the samples show a softening strain, a typical behavior for dense sands under confining conditions. 相似文献
7.
珊瑚砂是岛礁陆域吹填唯一的材料,因其特殊的海洋生物成因和孔隙结构特征,珊瑚砂颗粒在常规工程应力水平下就会发生破碎。通过对取自南海某吹填岛礁的珊瑚砂开展室内三轴固结排水剪切试验,研究珊瑚砂强度、变形参数和颗粒破碎程度随相对密实度、围压的演变规律,并与其他研究成果中的南海珊瑚砂强度参数进行对比分析。研究结果表明：珊瑚砂应变软化及剪胀特征随有效围压的增大、密实度的减小而逐渐减弱;在常规应力范围内,得到珊瑚砂峰值摩擦角和临界状态摩擦角的取值范围分别为33o～58o和28o～47o,且均随有效围压的增大而减小;建立了珊瑚砂割线模量E50与相对密实度、有效围压间的关系式;珊瑚砂峰值摩擦角与修正相对破碎指数Br*间的关系可用指数为负数的幂函数关系式拟合,且当颗粒破碎程度较高时,峰值摩擦角随修正相对破碎指数的增大而减小的趋势变缓;珊瑚砂修正相对破碎指数随塑性功的增大近似以双曲线的形式增长,密实度对两者间的关系影响不大。该研究成果可为南海岛礁基础设施的安全设计提供参考。 相似文献
8.
剪胀角是描述岩石体积膨胀扩容的常用参数,在非关联流动法则中,连续介质理论通常假设剪胀角为0;在关联流动法则中,其值恒定且等于内摩擦角。岩石三轴压缩全过程体应变曲线表明,其体积剪胀性依赖于围压和塑性参量,破坏过程中不仅其特征强度随围压和塑性参量呈非线性变化,而且剪胀特性也表现出非线性特征。基于塑性力学理论,针对锦屏大理岩损伤控制的全过程三轴加、卸载试验,采用双参数非线性函数拟合方法建立了能同时考虑围压效应和塑性参量的非线性剪胀角模型。结果表明,对于大理岩、中硬岩,在破坏过程中扩容行为强烈依赖围压和岩石塑性参量,均表现出先快速增加至峰值后,随着塑性变形增加逐渐减小的非线性演化规律。提出的双参数非线性剪胀角模型很好地描述了岩石破坏过程中的体积扩容特性,其结果对于研究地下工程围岩应力变化诱发的围岩剪胀破坏机制、体积扩容膨胀区范围预测和围岩支护的合理设计均具有一定的理论和工程应用价值。 相似文献
9.
The influence of the plastic potential on plane strain failure 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The influence of the shape of the plastic potential in the deviatoric plane on plane strain collapse is investigated. The most commonly employed elastic‐perfect plastic models are considered, which adopt well‐known failure criteria for defining the yield and plastic potential surfaces, namely the von Mises, the Drucker–Prager, the Tresca, the Mohr–Coulomb and the Matsuoka–Nakai criteria. Finally, the conclusions are also extended to strain hardening/softening models. For simple constitutive models based on perfect plasticity, it is shown that the value of the Lode's angle at plastic collapse in plane strain conditions strongly depends on the specific failure surface adopted for reproducing the plastic potential surface. If the value of the Lode's angle at yield coincides with the failure value prescribed by the plastic potential, the stress–strain curves exhibit the typical perfect plastic behaviour with yield coinciding with failure, otherwise the stress changes after yield and the stress‐strain curves resemble those of strain hardening/softening models. The infinite strength which is in some situations exhibited by the Drucker–Prager model in plane strain condition is investigated and explained, and it is shown that this can also affect strain hardening/softening models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
通过对取自新疆克拉玛依风城油田重油储层的油砂进行室温和高温三轴固结排水压缩试验,研究了油砂基本力学和热学性质。研究结果表明：在常温试验条件下,油砂的偏应力-应变曲线可分为弹性阶段、塑性阶段和软化阶段,高温试验条件下则首先会出现压密阶段,不同围压下的体积应变变化规律显著不同;油砂的弹性模量和泊松比均与固结压力有较好的线性关系;高温对油砂的峰值强度、残余强度、泊松比和弹性模量影响很小;油砂的内摩擦角为34°,大小与粗粒土相近,凝聚力为0.47 MPa;油砂的热膨胀系数随围压的增大而增大,环向膨胀系数远大于轴向膨胀系数;围压?3 =5 MPa时存在临界温度,使得油砂的变形在低于或高于临界温度时表现出不同的特点,当温度小于临界温度时,试件的环向变形、轴向变形、体积变形均随温度的升高线性膨胀;当温度大于临界温度时,试件的环向变形、轴向变形、体积变形均随温度的升高线性收缩。最后将风城油砂的性质与加拿大Athabasca和Cold Lake两处的油砂进行了对比,发现3个地区的油砂在强度、变形等方面有很多相似之处,这对风城重油资源的开采具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
11.
对含盐冻结粉质砂土进行温度-2 ℃、-4 ℃、-6 ℃和围压0.3~16 MPa的三轴强度试验. 结果表明: 含盐冻结粉质砂土应力-应变曲线在低围压和高围压表现为应变软化特征, 中围压为理想塑性变形特性; 随着围压的增大, 强度先增加后减小. 在围压小范围内得到广义黏聚力和广义内摩擦角, 并得到广义黏聚力和广义内摩擦角随围压和温度的变化规律; 同时, 针对强度随围压的变化, 提出非线性强度准则. 相似文献
12.
石灰改良膨胀土的应力-应变-强度特征与本构描述 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为探讨石灰改良膨胀土的变形特征与破坏机制,以压实度为95 %的荆门石灰改良膨胀土为研究对象,开展了单轴、侧限、三轴压缩应力状态下的力学性质试验。试验结果表明：即使湿化饱和后石灰土也具有较高的刚度与强度;单轴压缩状态下,无论饱和还是非饱和状态,石灰土的破坏都为典型的脆性破坏;三轴压缩状态下石灰土破坏前剪缩,同时伴随应变强化,即将破坏时开始剪胀,随后表现为应变软化;围压对石灰土的脆性破坏与破坏后的剪胀有一定的抑制作用,但即使在200 kPa围压下,试样仍发生脆性破坏。在辨明石灰土应力、变形机制的基础上,选用Duncan模型描述其脆性破坏前表现出的压硬性、剪缩性与应变强化特性,标定了相应模型参数,通过数值模拟与平行试验的对比验证了模型的适用性与参数的可靠性。 相似文献
13.
为了研究Q3砂黄土强度变形特性,以甘肃永靖黑方台Q3砂黄土为研究对象,利用西安理工大学研制的真三轴仪,进行了3个围压（50、100 kPa 和200 kPa）、3个b值（0、0.25和0.5）和3个含水率（5%、10%和15%）不同工况试样破坏情况的真三轴试验。试验结果发现：（1）真三轴条件下Q3砂黄土剪切破坏方式以侧胀破坏、单缝剪切破坏为主,其次少数土样发生锥形破坏、双缝剪切破坏和T型缝剪切破坏。（2）相同围压和含水率、不同中主应力比（b）的情况下,Q3砂黄土的主应力差随中主应力比增大而增大,应力-应变关系曲线为强硬化型,剪胀现象明显;中主应力比对广义剪应力和广义剪应变之间关系有一定影响,随b值增加,曲线依次增加;随b值的增加,强度降低,广义剪应力与平均球应力比（q/p）与主应变关系曲线逐渐变缓,且曲线依次降低。（3）随含水率增加,Q3砂黄土由固态向半固态转化过程中,不同中主应力比时黏聚力均出现明显降低,但内摩擦角则出现微小增加。 相似文献
14.
珊瑚岛礁钙质砂作为海洋工程建设的主要原材料,具有碳酸钙含量高、多孔隙、颗粒易破碎等特征。为了进一步提高海洋工程建设中岩土构筑物的强度及稳定性,采用土工格栅加筋珊瑚砂是一种潜在的有效手段。通过一系列的室内三轴压缩试验,探究土工格栅加筋层数、初始含水率、围压等因素对加筋珊瑚砂强度及变形特性的影响。研究发现：格栅加筋能够明显地改善珊瑚砂的力学性能,随着格栅层数的增加,加筋珊瑚砂整体的强度逐渐上升,偏应力-应变关系总体呈现硬化趋势,侧向的鼓胀变形得到明显改善;似黏聚力随着格栅层数增加近似呈线性递增,内摩擦角轻微降低;随着初始含水率的增加,格栅加筋珊瑚砂的强度呈轻微衰减趋势,似黏聚力变化不大,但内摩擦角相比干砂最大下降了约4°;三轴应力状态下的格栅加筋珊瑚砂颗粒破碎受围压影响较大,低于400k Pa围压下的相对破碎率主要在3%以内。此外,基于格栅与珊瑚砂相互作用特征,考虑并计算得到格栅产生的侧向与轴向附加应力,研究结果进一步丰富了对格栅加筋珊瑚砂机制的认识。 相似文献
15.
适用于砂土循环加载分析的边界面塑性模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于临界状态土力学框架,建立了一个适用于砂土排水循环加载的边界面塑性模型。采用了考虑虚拟峰值应力比的偏应变硬化准则,初始加载阶段应力点位于边界面上,反向加载阶段以历史最大屈服面作为边界面,同时实现了对密砂软化现象的模拟和对历史所受最大应力的记忆。边界面采用修正的椭圆形,引入考虑密度与应力水平的状态相关剪胀函数,采用非相关联流动法则和以应力反向点作为映射中心的径向映射准则。模型仅有10个参数,通过常规三轴试验即可确定,并且使用一套参数可以模拟不同围压、密度的单调和循环加载情况。分别对饱和砂土的单调、循环排水三轴试验进行模拟,结果表明,该模型能够合理地反映饱和砂土排水条件下的应力-应变特性。 相似文献
16.
Bounding surface‐based modeling of compacted silty sand exhibiting suction dependent postpeak strain softening 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ujwalkumar D. Patil Laureano R. Hoyos Mathilde Morvan Anand J. Puppala 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(14):1741-1761
This article focuses on modeling the strain hardening‐softening response of statically compacted silty sand as observed from a comprehensive series of suction‐controlled, consolidated‐drained triaxial tests accomplished in a fully automated, double‐walled triaxial test system via the axis‐translation technique. The constitutive model used in this work is based on the theory of Bounding Surface (BS) plasticity and is formulated within a critical state framework. The essential BS model parameters are calibrated using the full set of triaxial test results and then used for predictions of compacted silty sand response at matric suction states varying from 50 to 750 kPa. Complementary simulations using the Barcelona Basic Model have also been included, alongside BS model predictions, in order to get further enlightening insights into some of the main limitations and challenges facing both frameworks within the context of the experimental evidence resulting from the present research effort. In general, irrespective of the value of matric suction applied, the Barcelona Basic Model performs relatively well in predicting response at peak and critical state failure under low net confining pressure while the Bounding Surface Model performs relatively well under high net confining pressures. 相似文献
17.
压力作用下颗粒发生破碎是引起砂土力学特性变化的重要因素之一, 对于钙质砂这种易破碎的材料更是如此。为进一步弄清颗粒破碎对钙质砂的应力-应变强度影响, 本文对钙质砂进行三轴固结排水剪切试验得到应力-应变曲线, 并筛分得到三轴试验前后钙质砂颗分曲线。通过引入Hardin定义的颗粒相对破碎率Br, 分析了相对密度、围压与颗粒破碎的关系及颗粒破碎对钙质砂应力-应变和抗剪强度的影响。结果表明:随围压的增大颗粒破碎增量逐渐减小, 直到破碎达到一个上限值, 此时围压和相对密度对颗粒破碎影响很小; 颗粒间的滑动标志着应力达到极限状态, 而颗粒破碎会阻碍应力达到极限状态, 在本实验中, 低围压时颗粒破碎少, 颗粒相对运动形式为滑移, 使应力-应变曲线为软化型, 高围压下颗粒破碎严重, 颗粒破碎在剪切过程中始终发生, 使应力-应变曲线呈应变硬化型; 颗粒破碎使体变从剪胀逐渐发展到剪缩, 且破碎越严重剪缩越严重; 在低围压下钙质砂强度主要由剪胀和咬合提供, 高围压下颗粒破碎严重, 剪胀消失, 咬合减小, 使峰值摩擦角减小, 抗剪强度降低。 相似文献
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Awad A. Al-Karni 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(7-8):1095-1101
The shear strength of cohesionless soil is reduced as the water pressure inside the pores of the soil mass increases. The mathematical relationship between the shear strength and the pore water pressure was derived using Mohr–Coulomb failure criteria as a function of the confining pressure and the effective angle of friction. Experimentally, a series of consolidated drained triaxial tests with back pore water pressure was run on samples of saturated uniform dense sand. The tests were conducted at different confining pressures in the range of 100–400 kPa with an increment of 100 kPa. At each level of confining pressure, the tests were repeated at different values of back pore water pressure in the range of 0–100 kPa with an increment of 25 kPa. For each test, the initial applied back pore water pressure was kept constant during the test for comparing the results at the same effective confining pressure. This study concludes that the mathematical relationship gives accurate results at any level of confining pressure and/or pore water pressure as a function of the effective angle of friction that can be evaluated using single consolidated drained triaxial test at zero back pore water pressure. 相似文献