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1.
This paper presents the results of three-dimensional, finite element analyses performed with an advanced, two-surface-plasticity, constitutive sand model to investigate the response of non-displacement piles to axial loading. The analysis domain is carefully meshed such that the formation and evolution of shear bands next to the pile shaft and near the pile base can be properly captured. Analyses considering various soil profiles and pile geometries show that the mobilized lateral earth pressure coefficient K along the pile shaft increases with increasing relative density and decreasing initial confining stress. The ultimate unit base resistance is independent of pile diameter, increasing with increasing relative density and increasing initial confining stress at the pile base. Based on the analysis results, design equations are proposed to estimate the limit shaft resistance and ultimate base resistance of non-displacement piles in sandy soil. In proposing these relationships, the pile slenderness ratio is considered. The effect of layer proximity to the base of the pile or pile base embedment in a layer is also considered. 相似文献
2.
A simple semi-hyperbolic state-dependent constitutive model for sand-structure interfaces is proposed. The model formulation is consistent with critical state soil mechanics since void ratio evolves continuously with shear strain from initial state towards asymptotic critical state at extremely large shear strains. The model takes into account influence of normal stiffness on volume change and stress path. The proposed interface model is implemented in a pile segment analysis scheme for simulation of shaft resistance mobilization in non-displacement piles. Results reveal that the proposed pile segment analysis can well predict shaft resistance of model piles embedded in different sands. 相似文献
3.
A finite element model for pile‐driving analysis is developed and used to investigate the behaviour of pre‐bored piles, which are then driven the last 1.25 or 2.25 m to their final design depth. The study was conducted for the case of saturated clays. The model traces the penetration of the pile into the soil and accommodates for large deformations. The non‐linear behaviour of the clay in this study is predicted using the bounding‐surface‐plasticity model, as applied to isotropic cohesive soils. The details of the 3‐D numerical modelling and computational schemes are presented. A significant difference was observed in the pile displacement during driving, and in the computed soil resistance at the pile tip, particularly at the earliest driving stages. No difference in soil resistance at the soil pile interface along the pile shaft was detected between the pre‐bored piles whether driven 1.25 or 2.25 m. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
超长灌注桩桩-土界面剪切模型及其有限元模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于超长灌注桩为摩擦型桩,建立合适的桩-土界面剪切模型将成为合理且有效地模拟分析其承载变形特性的关键。基于超长灌注桩桩侧摩阻力? 随桩-土相对位移w发挥性状,将? - w关系定义为硬化和软化两种类型,进而将桩侧摩阻力发挥模式分为全硬化模式、全软化模式和混合模式。建立超长灌注桩桩-土界面剪切硬化模型和软化模型,运用ABAQUS二次开发子程序FRIC将建立的剪切模型嵌入有限元,实现剪切模型的有限元模拟,单桩算例表明,剪切模型在ABAQUS中实现是成功的。运用建立的桩-土界面剪切模型对现场试验试桩进行有限元模拟,模拟结果与实测结果较为吻合,表明所建立的桩-土界面剪切模型及其有限元模拟对于超长灌注桩承载变形计算具有合理性和可行性。 相似文献
5.
在大桩径、小桩距的群桩条件下,不仅有来自桩侧、桩端和承台传递的多重应力叠加,还有群桩对桩间土的夹持作用影响,桩-土-承台之间作用更加复杂。用有限差分软件模拟固定桩距、桩径,变化竖向荷载下桩-土-承台的相互作用。从各层土的侧摩阻力、不同位置桩的桩顶荷载、荷载-沉降关系、桩间土体位移等方面的计算结果分析桩-土-承台之间的相互影响。结果表明,荷载超出117.8 MN（略大于Pu/2,Pu为群桩极限承载力）后,群桩对上部桩间土的夹持作用开始减小,桩侧上部侧摩阻力增大;桩侧下部侧摩阻力在多重应力叠加作用下呈减小趋势,不同位置的桩侧摩阻力影响范围有差异;用群桩沉降达到5%倍桩径时的荷载作为群桩的竖向极限承载力是可取的;当沉降与桩径的比值超出1%后,承台分担荷载的比例逐渐增大,群桩分担荷载的比例减小。 相似文献
6.
考虑沉桩效应对桩周土体力学特性的影响,采用指数函数型荷载传递曲线分别建立了静压桩的桩侧和桩端荷载传递模型。在此基础上,根据群桩加载过程中桩周土体的变形模式,基于荷载传递法描述桩-土界面的非线性行为,采用剪切位移法考虑群桩之间的相互作用,提出了考虑沉桩效应的群桩非线性荷载-沉降混合计算方法。通过开展离心模型试验对该计算方法解答进行了验证,研究了沉桩效应和桩-土界面非线性特征对群桩承载特性的影响。研究结果表明,沉桩效应对桩周土体起到挤密作用,使得桩周土体的强度和刚度增大,从而提高了群桩的承载特性。群桩加载过程中桩-土界面刚度随沉降变形而逐渐减小,使得群桩荷载-沉降曲线呈现出明显的非线性特征。 相似文献
7.
This paper presents an embedded beam formulation for discretization independent finite element (FE) analyses of interactions between pile foundations or rock anchors and the surrounding soil in geotechnical and tunneling engineering. Piles are represented by means of finite beam elements embedded within FEs for the soil represented by 3D solid elements. The proposed formulation allows consideration of piles and pile groups with arbitrary orientation independently from the FE discretization of the surrounding soil. The interface behavior between piles and the surrounding soil is represented numerically by means of a contact formulation considering skin friction as well as pile tip resistance. The pile–soil interaction along the pile skin is considered by means of a 3D frictional point‐to‐point contact formulation using the integration points of the beam elements and reference points arbitrarily located within the solid elements as control points. The ability of the proposed embedded pile model to represent groups of piles objected to combined axial and shear loading and their interactions with the surrounding soil is demonstrated by selected benchmark examples. The pile model is applied to the numerical simulation of shield driven tunnel construction in the vicinity of an existing building resting upon pile foundation to demonstrate the performance of the proposed model in complex simulation environments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
采用双曲线模型模拟桩土界面上的力学行为,利用剪切位移法反映剪应力在土层中的传递,考虑群桩之间的相互作用,建立了热?力耦合作用下能量桩群桩基础工作特性的简化分析方法。该方法能反映桩土界面上的非线性、桩顶的约束条件和能量桩位置的影响,可直接计算所有桩的位移和轴力。与现有方法相比,计算得到的双桩相互作用因子更加合理。通过与文献中试验数据的对比表明,若只有局部桩经历温度变化,能量桩运行过程中各桩之间存在差异变形,基础出现倾斜,桩顶荷载发生重分布。所建立方法计算方便,能合理模拟能量桩群桩基础的主要工作特性,可用于大规模能量桩群桩基础的设计计算。 相似文献
9.
基于荷载传递法,建立了热力耦合作用下能量桩单桩工作特性的简化分析方法。该方法中将桩-土荷载传递函数取为双曲线,采用曼辛法则模拟温度循环过程中桩-土界面的卸载和再加载特性,通过再加载过程中刚度的折减近似考虑塑性变形的积累。利用矩阵位移法求解控制方程组后可直接得到任意温度-力学组合作用下的桩体变形、桩身轴力、桩侧阻力和桩端阻力,无需事先假设温度位移零点的位置。通过与试验数据的对比分析,验证了所提方法的可靠性。结合算例,研究了能量桩的长期工作特性。结果表明,温度循环会造成自由桩的桩顶沉降增加,固定桩的桩顶应力减小,温度循环的影响与桩顶静力荷载水平和土体刚度的衰减程度密切相关。 相似文献
10.
11.
将抗拔桩侧阻力分解为与桩侧正压力不相关的桩-土黏结强度 、与桩侧有效正压力成正比的摩擦力 两部分,采用摩擦定律计算摩擦力 。基于轴对称条件,假定土体为半无限弹性体,以Mindlin公式积分计算分析极限平衡状态下桩-土共同作用,依据平面应变条件下柱状孔扩张的弹性力学解建立桩-土界面位移协调方程,推导出抗拔桩极限平衡方程,给出了求解方法及计算参数确定方法。该方程能反映桩与土的材料特性、桩体尺寸、桩顶埋深、群桩效应、卸荷效应等多因素对抗拔桩极限承载力的影响。结合海上风电大直径超长抗拔钢管桩足尺试验进行验证。对比分析结果表明,该方法计算的抗拔极限承载力与实测值接近,计算精度远高于现行规范推荐方法,其结果可为工程应用及抗拔桩承载力机制研究提供参考。 相似文献
12.
Numerical pile segment analysis is conducted in this study with an advanced soil model to investigate the skin friction behaviour of a drilled Cast‐In‐Place (CIP) pile installed in sand. Although the interface between the sand and pile is considered rough, thin elements adjacent to the pile are used to include effects of localized shear. Unit weights of fluid concrete and accompanied changes in stress are considered as the effects of pile installation. Changes in effective stresses are the most prominent effect due to pile installation with a change in direction of the major principal stress from the vertical to the radial direction. Shear behaviour of the sand at the interface during the early shear stage is related to the contractive tendency of the sand at small strain levels. Changes in the stress field around the pile with little changes in volumetric strain take place during the early shear stage. Stress redistributions during the early shear stage depend on the direction of the major principal stress before shear. Results of the pile segment analyses for drilled CIP piles show good agreement with design methods. Parametric studies are used to characterize the effects of sand density and pile diameter on the skin friction behaviour of drilled CIP piles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
软土地区土体工程性质较差,土体所能提供桩侧摩阻力和桩端阻力较小,预制桩桩身材料强度无法充分发挥。在预制桩压入土体过程中灌入砂石能够改善桩周土体性质,提高桩-土接触面摩擦性能,从而提高桩基的抗压极限承载力。为了研究填砂竹节桩的抗压承载性能,进行了一组现场静载试验和ABAQUS三维建模计算,通过对试验和计算结果的分析可以得出以下结论：软土地基中填砂竹节桩的抗压承载性能相比常规等截面管桩有了显著提高;填砂竹节桩桩身轴力在竹节节点处减少幅度较大,竹节节点能够提高桩侧承载性能;软土地基中填砂竹节桩桩侧承载性能相比常规等截面管桩有了显著提高,且侧阻增大系数为1.15～1.40。 相似文献
14.
Jay X. Wang 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2017,12(2):86-106
In this paper research was presented on the development of a growth-rate-dependent model for pile set-up prediction using the restrike and static/statnamic load testing data collected from different projects. The data included: a) restrike records from ninety-five production piles and restrike and load test results of nine instrumented piles driven in soft clays from the relocation project of Highway No. 1 in Louisiana (LA-1); and b) restrike and static load testing data of five fully instrumented square PPC piles driven at four different bridge sites in various soil layers from sands to clays in Florida. Research effort was focused on the prediction of the ultimate shaft resistances with pile set-up formulated using the pile resistance growth rate-dependent model. The timeframe of interest was studied for a practical set-up magnitude such as 90% of the ultimate shaft resistance (Q90). As an application of the rate-dependent model, it was found that piles at the LA-1 relocation project, in general, reached about 95% of the ultimate shaft resistances at the time of 2 weeks after pile installation. The strategy of incorporation of pile set-up in adjusting pile driving criteria or/and design during pile construction, such as the experience-based plan of a two-week waiting period adopted by Louisiana DOTD, was investigated and justified. 相似文献
15.
由于基桩纵向截面形式的差异,竖向荷载作用下桩侧摩阻力和桩端阻力发挥存在明显的差异,尽管纵向截面异形桩在工程中得到了一定的应用,然而针对极限荷载下桩端和桩侧土体破坏形式的研究却相对较少。基于透明土材料和粒子图像测速（particle image velocimetry）技术,针对等体积的扩底楔形桩、楔形桩和等截面桩的承载特性及破坏形式进行对比模型试验,测得桩顶荷载-沉降曲线,研究了各级荷载下桩端和桩侧土体位移场的变化规律以及极限荷载下桩端和桩侧土体的破坏形式;同时分析了不同桩长情况下各类型桩的承载力特性。研究结果表明,在此试验条件下,扩底楔形桩的极限承载力约为常规楔形桩的3.5倍和等截面桩的2.5倍;极限荷载作用下各类型纵向截面异形桩桩端的破坏形式规律基本一致。 相似文献
16.
大直径超长钻孔灌注桩荷载分层传递特性试验分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
基于＂上海市虹桥综合交通枢纽交通中心工程西交通广场＂工程现场静载荷试验和桩身应力测试结果,分析竖向荷载作用下大直径超长钻孔灌注桩在成层土中的荷载传递特性。本工程试桩已加载至破坏,对此试验结果进行分析,能为深入研究大直径超长钻孔灌注桩的承载性状提供有价值的工程参考。本次试验结果表明：1）大直径超长钻孔灌注桩桩端承载力所占比例较低,荷载-沉降关系为陡降型,存在明显拐点;2）桩侧与桩端阻力非同步发挥且相互影响,而上下土层侧阻力系先后发挥至极限;3）根据试桩实测数据,土层埋深对桩周具有相似物理力学性质土层的侧摩阻力影响较大。 相似文献
17.
基于天津于家堡南地下车库工程扩底桩抗拔极限承载力试验,结合数值模拟手段对扩底桩抗拔承载特性、破坏模式和受力机制开展了分析研究。计算分析表明,扩底桩（有效桩长19 m）相比等截面桩抗拔极限承载力提高约50%,材料增加仅8.5%,扩底桩扩大头周边土体提供的抗力显著提高了抗拔承载力;荷载较小时抗拔力主要由等截面段侧摩阻力提供,扩头段抗拔力占桩顶加载的比值随加载近似呈线性增加;扩底桩等截面段沿桩土界面先发生剪切破坏,扩头段周边土体后发生受压破坏,抗拔承载力达到极限;扩头段位于同一土层时,不同桩长扩头段提供的极限抗拔力相差不大,桩长越长,扩头段抗拔力贡献率越低;扩头段抗拔力主要由自重、扩头段法向力竖向分力和侧摩阻力组成,其中法向力竖向分量提供了扩头段的主要抗拔力,占扩头段总抗拔力约70%。 相似文献
18.
软土地基中嵌岩桩嵌岩深度的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
结合试验资料对嵌岩桩的嵌岩深度、端阻力以及桩侧阻力进行了分析。讨论了端阻比随嵌岩深度的关系、桩承载力与嵌岩比的关系以及不同岩层对桩的承载力的影响,并提出了软土地基中不同桩径的桩具有最佳嵌岩深度,认为不存在最大嵌岩深度。 相似文献
19.
Analysis of rectangular piles subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil using a Winkler model approach 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hiroyoshi Hirai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2015,39(9):937-968
An analytical approach using a Winkler model based on two lateral soil displacement components in a three‐dimensional soil is investigated to provide analytical solutions of horizontal response of a rectangular pile subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil. The two lateral displacement components of a soil surrounding the rectangular pile are represented by the Fourier series of displacement potential functions in the elastic three‐dimensional analysis. The lateral stiffness coefficient of the rectangular pile shaft in nonhomogeneous soil is derived from the rocking stiffness coefficient taking into account rocking rotation of a rigid pile shaft. The relationship between horizontal displacement, rotation, moment, and shear force for the rectangular pile subjected to horizontal loads in nonhomogeneous soil is obtainable in the form of the recurrence equation. The formulation of lateral displacement and rotation for a rectangular pile subjected to lateral loads on the pile base in nonhomogeneous soil is proposed by taking into account Mindlin's equation and the equivalent thickness for soil layers in the equivalent elastic method. The difference of lateral behavior between square and circular piles subjected to lateral loads is insignificant. The effect of aspect ratio of the rectangular pile on the lateral behavior is great for the lower stiffness ratio between pile and soil and the larger length–equivalent diameter ratio. The effect of the value of Poisson's ratio of soil on lateral stiffness coefficient is relatively small except Poisson's ratio close to 0.5. The comparison of the results calculated by the current method for a rectangular pile subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil has shown good agreement with those obtained from the analytical methods and the finite element method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
试桩测试方法对桩基承载特性的影响研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
吉利黄河公路特大桥施工了2根相同直径的试桩,分别采用锚桩法和自平衡试桩法进行静载荷测试。根据S2（自平衡试桩法,50 m）上段桩与S1（锚桩法,32 m）桩的平均摩阻力进行的对比,二者表现出相似的变化规律,均可采用双曲线模型很好的拟合,取趋于稳定的同一位移(12 mm)进行比较,在中密卵石层中平均负摩阻力约为平均正摩阻力的0.84倍。桩S1,S2的Q-S曲线均呈缓变型,在曲线前半段,两条曲线非常接近。在后半段,随着荷载增大,S1桩的下降速率明显大于S2桩,若取同一位移30 mm进行对比,S2的承载力为59.5×103 kN,S1的承载力为48×103 kN。S1的端阻力占总荷载的比例为22.46 %,为摩擦端承桩。S2端阻力占总荷载的比例只有3.59 %,桩顶沉降基本由桩身压缩引起,为摩擦桩。 相似文献