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1.
施能  陈辉 《气象科学》1989,9(2):139-147
本文对强、弱涛动当年和来年逐月的48个月的月平500hPa高度场作谐波展开,求出强、弱涛动年1—3波在各纬带的方差贡献、位相等。指出,强、弱涛动年500hPa谐波槽位置和强度是不同的。这些结果,对早期识别涛动强度和厄尔尼诺以及深入了解涛动对环流的影响是有益的。  相似文献   

2.
长江中下游6—7月降水异常与500 hPa大气环流的关系   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
利用1951—2004年全国160站降水资料和NCEP/NCAR500hPa月平均资料,从中纬度西风环流、位势高度、纬向风、经向风、垂直速度场等方面,分析了长江中下游地区6—7月降水与500hPa大气环流的关系。结果表明,欧亚中纬度地区西风带多雨、少雨年均表现为长波的两槽两脊形势,但是槽脊系统差异显著。长江中下游地区降水与东亚500hPa上空位势高度场、纬向风、经向风、垂直速度场均有显著的关系,进一步证明了长江中下游地区6—7月降水与500hPa大气环流有密切关系。  相似文献   

3.
海温强迫下的东亚夏季大气环流潜在可预报性特征   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
利用大气环流模式NCARCAM3,进行22a(1979—2000年)、每年8个初值的集合试验,并采用方差分析方法,研究了观测海温强迫下东亚夏季大气环流的潜在可预报性。结果表明,夏季东亚地区海平面气压场的潜在可预报性总体偏低,在中国区域呈东南高、西北低的分布特征;850hPa纬向风场、对流层500~200hPa平均温度场和500hPa位势高度场在低纬度地区的潜在可预报性明显高于中高纬度地区。500hPa位势高度场的潜在可预报性较高,东亚大部分地区大于0.5,尤其华南地区大于0.7。夏季东亚500hPa位势高度场的潜在可预报性具有明显的年际变化特征,并与夏季南海海温异常关系密切。与正常年份相比,在夏季南海海温偏暖或者偏冷年,东亚500hPa位势高度场的潜在可预报性较高  相似文献   

4.
利用国家气候中心1960~2000年500 hPa高度场10°×5°经纬度月平均资料,采用EOF、SVD方法,分析了北太平洋涛动区(25°~70°N,140°E~150°W)500 hPa高度场季节变化特征和中国东北区80个测站降水场相关。结果表明:(1)北太平洋涛动区500 hPa高度场冬季EOF第1载荷向量场呈由北向南的“-,+”波列分布,这种北南分布相反型,占总体方差贡献的40%,可以表现为北低南高,类似地面气压场涛动 (NPO) 的正位相阶段,反映了40年北太平洋中高纬度上空以东亚大槽为定常波的大气环流基本模态,亦是NPO呈正位相阶段的主要成因,反之,类似地面气压场涛动(NPO)的负位相阶段,第2载荷向量场呈整体“+”值分布,占方差贡献28%,该模态则表现为东亚大槽被长波脊替代的与气候基本模态呈相反分布的异常环流型;夏季第1载荷向量场基本模态则为全区的正值分布,占总体方差贡献的30%,第3载荷向量呈北“+”南“-”的分布,占方差贡献的13%,表明夏季500 hPa高度场NPO不是主要模态;春秋两季均呈现出较为明显的NPO模态;(2)北太平洋涛动区500 hPa高度冬季平均场与东北区夏季降水场呈由北向南的“+,-”相关波列,存在显著的相关性(α>0.01), 第1对SVD奇异向量占总方差贡献的49%,当NPO区前冬500 hPa高度场呈负位相阶段时,东北区夏季降水偏多,反之,东北区夏季干旱少雨,其它季节亦有类似隔季相关关系。  相似文献   

5.
利用1986—2015年河西走廊东部5个气象站逐日气温、大气环流特征量和2016年5月常规天气图和物理量场,分析了河西走廊东部寒潮时空分布及其与大气环流特征量的关系和2016年5月3次寒潮天气过程天气成因。研究表明:河西走廊东部寒潮频次由北向南减少,中部最少;寒潮频次年际差异较大,总体呈下降趋势;寒潮主要出现在1—5月和10—12月,频次站次4月最多,6月最少,春季寒潮频次最多;寒潮最早出现在9月1日(永昌)、最晚出现在6月7日(乌鞘岭)。月寒潮频次与月亚洲、北半球的极涡面积和强度、北极涛动、亚洲经向环流和冷空气指数呈显著正相关,与北半球极涡中心纬向位置和强度、东亚大槽强度、西藏高原1和2指数呈负显著相关,前一月亚洲、北半球极涡面积和强度、北半球极涡中心强度、北极涛动指数对月寒潮预报预测具有良好的指示意义。使用多元回归建立寒潮月频次预报方程,通过了=0.1显著性水平检验。2016年5月3次寒潮天气均与极涡中心偏强有关,前期升温明显、高空强盛冷平流强盛、地面冷高压强烈是造成三次寒潮天气的主要原因,500 hPa横槽转向南压造成的降温幅度比小槽东移更大、影响范围更广。  相似文献   

6.
基于CMA全球模式(CMA-GFS)2019年10月至2020年12月逐日20:00(北京时)起报的数据,对东北半球高空气象要素预报进行检验评估,检验的要素包括500 hPa位势高度场和风场、 850 hPa温度场和700 hPa相对湿度场。结果表明:(1)从模式预报效果的时间变化来看,预报效果有明显的季节变化,500 hPa位势高度和850 hPa温度的预报场和分析场的相似度在夏季最低,700 hPa相对湿度场的相似度在冬季最低;随着预报时效的增加,各要素的误差幅度在夏季最小。(2)从模式预报效果的空间变化来看,500 hPa位势高度场在东北半球大部分地区预报场与分析场具有较高相似度,且中高纬地区相对低纬地区更相似,预报误差的幅度则在低纬地区相对较小高纬地区相对较大,且预报偏差以大范围负偏差为主。相比而言,模式对东亚地区的位势高度及其梯度具有更高预报技巧。850 hPa温度场预报相似度和误差幅度与500 hPa位势高度场分布相似,预报偏差则主要表现为中高纬地区温度预报整体偏低,中低纬地区偏高。在预报前期(24~48 h), 20°N以北的中高纬地区温度预报场与分析场相似度较高,均方根...  相似文献   

7.
本文利用1951—1980年逐季的平均值资料(共120个季)讨论了北方涛动和与其相联系的北太平洋海温与北半球海平面气压场、500hPa位势高度场遥相关的基本结构,并与南方涛动和赤道东太平洋海温的结果进行了对比分析.发现北太平洋Namias海区和加利福尼亚海流区海温的变化与北方涛动具有很密切的联系;北方涛动和这两个海区的海温同北半球中高纬度大气环流特别是PNA型和NAO型环流异常存在明显的遥相关关系;南方涛动和赤道太平洋海温同WP型或NPO型环流异常关系比较密切,而与PNA型和NAO型的关系不如北方涛动和Namias海区及加利福尼亚海流区海温的显著.  相似文献   

8.
动力延伸预报产品在广西月尺度降水滚动预测中的释用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对广西88个站全年各旬月尺度降水距平百分率作自然正交展开(EOF分解),选取累积方差贡献接近75%的前几个主成分为预报量.利用1982年至今的国家气候中心月动力延伸集合预报资料或回算实验资料,从月尺度平均500hPa位势高度、700hPaU、V向水平风速延伸预报场中选取初选预报因子,并运用EOF分解构建成综合预报因子,分别选取其中与各个预报分量相关程度高的主成分建立预报方程,滚动制作广西月尺度降水量预报.91个独立样本试验和实际应用证明,预报效果较好.  相似文献   

9.
天气可预报性的时空分布   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
丁瑞强  李建平 《气象学报》2009,67(3):343-354
为了能从非线件误差增长动力学的角度研究大气的可预报性问题,文章引入了可预报性研究的新方法--非线性局部Lyapunov指数.非线性局部Lyapunov指数及其相关统计量能够被用来定量地确定混沌系统可预报性的大小,真正地实现对可预报性的定量化研究.为了把非线性局部Lyapunov指数方法应用到实际的大气可预报性研究中,给出了一种利用大气的实际观测资料估计非线性局部Lyapunov指数的计算方法.存非线性局部Lyapunov指数方法的基础上,文中利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对大气位势高度场、温度场、纬向风场、经向风场等要素场可预报性的时空分布进行了研究,结果表明:(1)在500 hPa高度层上,对于不同的要素场,其可预报期限的大小以及时空分布规律都不一样;全球大部分地区位势高度场可预报期限最大,温度场和纬向风场次之,而经向风场的可预报期限最小.(2)在500 hPa高度层七,位势高度场和温度场的纬向平均可预报期限基本上表现为一定的南北纬向带状分布,热带地区和南极地区的可预报期限最大,北极地区次之,南北半球中高纬度地区可预报期限相对较小.纬向风场可预报期限在热带地区最高,但是南北极地区可预报期限与邻近的中高纬度地区差别不大.经向风场可预报期限在南北两极地区最高,南北半球的中纬度和赤道附近地区可预报期限最小.(3)在垂直方向上,纬向平均高度场、温度场以及纬向风场可预报期限基本上都是随高度升高而增加,高层的可预报期限明显大于低层;经向风场可预报期限随高度的变化比较复杂,不同的纬度有所不同.(4)可预报性有明显的季节变化,不同要素场可预报期限高低值区的位置和强度随季节鄙有明显变化,对于全球大部分地区来说,冬季可预报性都大于夏季的.  相似文献   

10.
基于美国国家海洋和大气局气候预测中心公报的北极涛动(Arctic Oscillation,AO)指数逐月数据以及美国国家环境预报中心和大气研究中心的1986—2017年逐日再分析资料等,运用回归和合成分析等方法,分析了北极涛动与北太平洋地区风暴轴的时间演变特征、两者之间的联系及AO异常影响风暴轴的可能机制。结果表明:1)风暴轴经度指数与纬度指数有显著正相关性,两者具有同步变化的特征,而这两者与风暴轴强度指数都呈负相关,但不显著。AO指数与北太平洋风暴轴强度呈显著正相关,且AO指数与风暴轴经度、纬度指数也呈正相关,但并不显著。2)在北极涛动强正(负)位相年份,风暴轴区域天气尺度滤波方差强(弱)、500 hPa高度场上东亚大槽减弱(加深)、急流偏北偏强(偏南偏弱)、扰动动能增强(减弱)、斜压性增强(减弱)。可能影响机制是,异常变化的AO影响东亚大槽,改变急流强度,使斜压性发生变化,进而对风暴轴产生影响。  相似文献   

11.
In this paper the correlation analysis, factor analysis, fuzzy classification, and principal component analysis (PCA) are performed for the southern oscillation index (SOI) from the Climate Analysis Center (CAC) at the NOAA. It is shown that the 12-month SOI can be classified into two groups: one from January through April and the other from May through December. They differ in persistency and correlation. It is also found that the year of strong or weak SO can be defined by the first principal component of the SOI. The 11 years of weak SO thus defined contain 9 El Nino events.In addition, the relations between the SOI and 500 hPa geopotential height, mean monthly zonal height, mean monthly interzonal height differences, centers of atmospheric activities, characteristics of the atmospheric circulation (the intensity index of the north polar vortex, the area index of the subtropical West Pacific high, mean monthly zonal and meridional circulation indexes in Asia and Eurasia) in the period of 24 months from January through December of the next year have been examined on the basis of the monthly data from 1951 through 1984. The correlation coefficients and Mahalanobis distances are thus presented. Analysis indicates that in the early part of the low SOI year, i.e., in April, the 500 hPa geopotential height north of 75oN is significantly low and then becomes higher in May. It is found that in April the trough of the first harmonic wave is in the Eastern Hemisphere and the contribution of its variance is smaller than in May. Analysis shows that the opposite is true in the high SOI year. Such variation in the height field during the April-May period is an early signal of the SO at higher latitudes.In the end, a statistical prediction model for the SOI is presented, by means of which a low SOI year as well as an El Nino event has been successfully predicted for 1986.  相似文献   

12.
~~THE CCA BETWEEN 500 hPa GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT FIELDS OVER NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AND RAINFALL OF CHINA IN MAY@严华生$Department of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091 China @陈艳$Yunnan Meteorological Science Institute, Kunming 650034 China @郭世昌$Department of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091 China @王会军$Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100091 China~~ Project "973" (G1998040905)…  相似文献   

13.
By using the monthly data from 1951 through 1984, empirical orthogonal expansion is performed for the 500 hPa geopotential height north of 65oN and the canonical fields are clustered by fuzzy classification. It is noted that both the mean monthly polar vortex fields and the large-scale anomaly fields fall into three regimes, with those of the January mean field and the April anomaly field having characteristic features. In addition, the relationship between the time weigthing coefficients of the canonical fields and El Nino / SO is examined, showing significant anomalies in the large-scale polar anomaly fields during April and October of the year when El Nino occurs. These polar circulation anomalies have considerably influenced the temperature fields in China during April and October. Thus, we may con-clude that this is one of the most important reasons for a relatively cool April and a warm October in China during the El Nino year.  相似文献   

14.
大气环流变化对云南5月雨量的影响及其预报   总被引:15,自引:7,他引:15  
严华生  张青 《高原气象》1994,13(2):217-223
本文分析了云南5月份降水与前期1-3月北半球100,500hPa高度场的关系,研究了影响云南5月份旱涝的大气环流系统及主要大气活动中心,探讨了遥相关场的波列结构,建立了基于环流演变物理概念的分析预报模式。  相似文献   

15.
利用ERA-Interim的海平面气压(Sea Level Pressure,SLP)再分析资料和中国160站的降水观测资料,分析了冬季各月(当年12月、次年1月和2月)北太平洋涛动(North Pacific Oscillation,NPO)的年际变化特征,及其与我国同期降水异常之间的联系。结果表明:1)冬季各月NPO指数的年际变化较为显著,但各月NPO指数年际变化之间的相关性较差,1979—2012年冬季12月与1月NPO指数年际变化之间的相关系数为0.09,而1月与2月NPO指数的相关系数仅为-0.003,均没有通过信度检验。2)1月和12月NPO指数年际变化与同期我国黄淮流域降水异常之间存在明显的正相关,而2月NPO指数年际变化与同期我国华北降水异常之间为明显的负相关。3)当1月(12月)NPO指数增加1个标准差时,我国黄淮流域降水量比多年平均值增加约50%(40%);而当2月NPO指数增加1个标准差时,我国华北降水量比多年平均值减少约30%。  相似文献   

16.
Variables fields such as enstrophy, meridional-wind and zonal-wind variables are derived from monthly 500 hPa geopotential height anomalous fields. In this work, we select original predictors from monthly 500-hPa geopotential height anomalous fields and their variables in June of 1958 - 2001, and determine comprehensive predictors by conducting empirical orthogonal function (EOF) respectively with the original predictors. A downscaling forecast model based on the back propagation (BP) neural network is built by use of the comprehensive predictors to predict the monthly precipitation in June over Guangxi with the monthly dynamic extended range forecast products. For comparison, we also build another BP neural network model with the same predictands by using the former comprehensive predictors selected from 500-hPa geopotential height anomalous fields in May to December of 1957 - 2000 and January to April of 1958 - 2001. The two models are tested and results show that the precision of superposition of the downscaling model is better than that of the one based on former comprehensive predictors, but the prediction accuracy of the downscaling model depends on the output of monthly dynamic extended range forecast.  相似文献   

17.
Summary An investigation of the relationships between New South Wales (NSW) seasonal rainfalls and fluctuations of geopotential height at four Australian radiosonde stations is presented. The connection between the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and the geopotential height was explored up to the mid-troposphere. The study determined that the 800 and 600 hPa heights at Woomera show stronger and more consistent correlations with winter and spring rainfalls respectively, than occur between SOI and rainfall. The 900 hPa height at Brisbane is also strongly correlated with autumn rainfall for much of coastal NSW. These correlations are found to be stable during high and low phases of the SO cycle. It was found that the effects of the considered geopotential data on rainfall are independent of the influence of the SO phenomenon. The study also found that the fluctuations of geopotential heights at Woomera are related to rainfall variability over a wide region of southern Australia. At Darwin the 800 hPa surface appears to be the highest altitude at which there is any influence from the Southern Oscillation during winter. Furthermore, airmass movement over inland NSW is quite strongly related to SOI but coastal airmass movement is only weakly related to SOI. A mechanism for the influence of the Southern Oscillation on NSW rainfall is suggested.With 9 Figures  相似文献   

18.
A nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA) is applied to a set of monthly mean time series from January 1956 to December 2007 consisting of the Arctic oscillation (AO) index derived from 1,000-hPa geopotential height anomalies poleward of 20°N latitude and the zonal winds observed at seven pressure levels between 10 and 70?hPa in the equatorial stratosphere to investigate the relation of the AO with the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). The NLPCA is conducted using a new, compact neural network model. The NLPCA modeling of the dataset of the AO index and QBO winds offers a clear picture of the relation between the two oscillations. In particular, the phase of covariation of the oscillations defined by the two nonlinear principal components of the dataset progresses with a predominant 28.4-month periodicity. This predominant cycle is modulated by an 11-year cycle. The variation of the AO index with the QBO phase also shows that the average AO index is positive when the westerly QBO phase descends past 30?hPa and, conversely, the average AO index is negative when the easterly QBO phase descends past 30?hPa. This relationship is evident during the boreal cold season from November to April but non-existent during the boreal warm season from May to October.  相似文献   

19.
北半球大气环流异常与广西夏季高温天气   总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1  
利用1951~2003年北半球500 hPa月平均高度场资料,对广西多高温年份和少高温年份的大尺度环流场进行对比分析,发现多高温年和少高温年500 hPa位势高度距平场差异明显,主要表现在:北太平洋阿留申群岛到副热带地区在冬春季和前汛期都呈现相反的南北距平分布结构;盛夏,多高温年在乌拉尔山至贝加尔湖地区及孟加拉湾至我国西南地区是正距平区,而少高温年在上述地区为负距平中心。典型相关分析表明,7~8月500 hPa高度场与前期1月、4~6月的高度场有密切的联系,高空槽脊的强弱分布及西太平洋副高等大尺度天气系统的变化本身具有一定的内相关,从而揭示了高温天气形成的大尺度环流变化的一些事实。  相似文献   

20.
Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) is used to study monthly changes in the influence of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) on spring, summer and autumn air temperature over China with the January 500 hPa geopotential height data from 1951 to 2004 and monthly temperature data from January to November at 160 stations in China. Several AO indices have been defined with the 500-hPa geopotential data and the index defined as the first principal component of the normalized geopotential data is best to be used to study the influence of the AO on SAT (surface air temperature) in China. There are three modes through which the AO in winter influences SAT in China. The influence of the AO on SAT in China changes monthly and is stronger in spring and summer than in autumn. The main influenced regions are Northeast China and the Changjiang River drainage area.  相似文献   

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