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GIS技术在气象领域中的应用 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
地理信息系统(GIS)作为一门重要的信息技术,近年来在气象气候领域内引起了广泛的关注并得到了初步应用。作者从国内外学术研究、技术应用等方面综合分析了GIS在气象、气候的研究和应用现状,并从GIS技术发展的角度对GIS应用的一些基本问题进行了深入讨论。结合GIS功能特点,就GIS应用于气象信息系统建设的一般方法进行了分析。最后给出了结论,以期GIS这门信息技术引起广泛的重视,并能得到更深入的应用。 相似文献
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气象卫星发展是国家气象现代化的重要标志,卫星资料在气象预报预测、防灾减灾、应对气候变化和开发利用气候资源中充分应用是气象卫星发展的根本目的。文中回顾了2005—2015年我国气象卫星业务服务能力提升进展情况,并对气象卫星资料在数值预报、天气分析、气候与气候变化、环境与灾害监测评估、农业气象等领域应用进行了分析总结,并对未来气象卫星技术发展和应用趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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多模式集合和降尺度技术是提升模式预测能力的有效工具。该文对国家气候中心多模式解释应用集成预测 (MODES) 技术与业务应用现状进行了综合介绍。MODES采用欧洲中期天气预报中心、东京气候中心、美国国家环境预报中心和中国气象局国家气候中心4个气候业务季节预测模式输出场,利用EOF迭代、变形的典型相关分析、最优子集回归和高相关回归集成4种统计降尺度方法以及等权平均、经典超级集合等集成方法进行全国月及季节降水和气温预测。目前对MODES进行了夏季回报检验和约1年的实时业务应用。回报检验和业务应用表明,MODES对气温有较好的预测能力 (月预测平均PS评分为76),对降水有一定预测技巧 (月预测平均PS评分为68),具有短期气候预测业务应用价值。 相似文献
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本文针对SWAN本地化应用,分析了雷达数据、资料配置、设置转换等方面在黑龙江省应用的主要技术手段和方法,并通过3 a的实践应用进行了预报产品检验,得出强天气过程中SWAN预报产品和实况比较的系统偏差,为其在短时临近预报中的应用提供参考依据。 相似文献
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傅华 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2002,25(4):23-25
介绍了新疆1：2000万基础地理信息在MAPGIS中的研建过程和技术方法，将气象卫星（NOAA）、地球观测卫星（EOS）的遥感产品专题图与地理信息镶嵌配准，并且分别建立在1：200万和1：100万基础工作平台上。 相似文献
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多普勒天气雷达地图系统的设计与实现 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
根据国家测绘局提供的地理数字线划图数据DLG及中国新一代天气雷达CINRAD所需地图投影变换后的数据格式，研究天气雷达地图信息处理技术，设计了相应的系统软件。该雷达地图生成系统能够根据国家测绘局提供的地图数据实时生成符合我国CINRAD要求格式的全国任何一个地点指定探测范围内的地图，并可在雷达数据终端和雷达产品进行叠加显示。 相似文献
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基于GIS的马铃薯种植气候区划及风险区划的研究 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
利用地理信息技术及气候资源信息，对内蒙古乌盟地区的主要农作物马铃薯做了多项自然资源空间统计分析，并选定了该地区马铃薯种植的气候区划指标和风险指标。这些指标涉及到马铃薯的种植失败风险和减产风险。利用小网格资源推算法，实现了基本气候资源分布的细化。同时借助于CITYSTAR GIS的二次开发功能，用Visual C^ 编制模型，进行马铃薯气候资源区划和种植风险程度区划的地理制作。研究结果可供农业种植规划部门及农业保险部门使用。 相似文献
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It is apparent that the surface types and percentage covers recorded in any land use data archive will be a function of both the scale of the source maps and the resolution of the archive itself. This paper illustrates this fundamental cartographic fact in the context of climate modelling with a simple investigation in which the percentage cover of seven basic land use classes was calculated using national survey maps with a scale of 150000. The results were compared with similar computations using maps of other scales and with the information contained in two recently published global archives of land surface type. The assessed extent of urban areas is a function of the base map type used. The existence of open water and swamp/marsh areas is not recorded in coarse resolution data archives even when these areas cover 15% of a 1° × 1° grid element. Both these results are features of the data aggregation problem fundamental to geographical representation. This problem cannot be removed simply by producing global data sets at alternative resolutions. A more careful assessment of the sensitivity of models to aspects of the information archive is required.Now at U.K. Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berkshire, U.K. 相似文献
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《Atmospheric Research》2010,95(4):663-674
The Siberian Anticyclone (SA) is one of the dominant cold season synoptic systems of the northern hemisphere. The effects of the SA on the areas over which it appears to reside on synoptic maps are well established. This study examines the impacts that the SA has on local climate in areas far beyond the area of its domination. The existence of any teleconnection patterns derived from the SA sea level pressure (SLP) characteristics and their relation to precipitation over Cyprus are examined. Four indices were created describing the characteristics (behavior) of the SA (strength and geographical displacement). In an attempt to identify possible relations between precipitation, on the one hand, and the SA indices, on the other hand, a network of 32 rain gauge stations in Cyprus, both coastal and inland, was carefully selected to cover the whole island. The pressure field of the SA was found to affect the precipitation of each month differently. The results are consistent for each case and it was found that the geographical location of each station plays an important role. All four indices were found to be related to precipitation. 相似文献
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介绍了在RS与GIS支持下,以Landsat TM和ETM及SPOT数据为主要信息源,采用栅格数据与矢量数据、多源与多时相数据、遥感数据与生态环境基础图件相结合和内业处理与外业调查相结合的技术路线,应用遥感信息提取技术和遥感影像处理及DOM制作方法,得出近15 a辽宁土地面积变化及趋势。结果表明:近年辽宁耕地、水域和工矿等用地面积逐年上升;湿地、草地和未利用土地面积逐年下降。 相似文献
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E. Sh. Elizbarashvili M. R. Tatishvili M. E. Elizbarashvili Sh. E. Elizbarashvili R. Sh. Meskhiya 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2013,38(4):234-238
Air temperature trends under conditions of global warming are studied using the observational data from 87 meteorological stations of Georgia for the period of 1936–2011. Plotted are the geographic information maps of the spatial structure of temperature variation rate. 相似文献
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Y. Kashiwagi 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1991,43(4):205-209
Summary The geographical distribution ofPinus densiflora forests in Japan was examined in relation to the seed germination and seedling establishment information obtained from laboratory experiments, field observations and field experiments. The laboratory experiments indicated that seed germination can occur in all areas of Japan because effective cumulative soil temperatures reaches to 75 °C · day everywhere. However, the field observations and field experiments suggested that seedling establishment is impossible in the northern, eastern and central parts of Hokkaido because the effective cumulative air temperature at a height of 6 cm over bare ground is less than 2 000 °C · day. These results agree approximately with the actual geographical distribution ofP. densiflora forest, which can not be found under natural circumstances in these areas.With 3 Figures 相似文献