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1.
Height datum definition,height datum connection and the role of the geodetic boundary value problem 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
Vertical datum definition is identical with the choice of a potential (or height) value for the fundamental bench mark. Also
the connection of two adjacent vertical datums poses no principal problem as long as the potential (or height) value of two
bench marks of the two systems is known and they can be connected by levelling. Only the unification of large vertical datums
and the connection of vertical datums separated by an ocean remains difficult.
Two vertical datums can be connected indirectly by means of a combination of precise geocentric positions of two points, as
derived by space techniques, their potential (or height) value in the respective height datum and their geoid height difference.
The latter requires the solution of the linear geodetic boundary value problem under the assumption that potential and gravity
anomalies refer to a variety of height datums. The unknown off-sets between the various datums appear in the solution inside
and outside the Stokes integral and can be estimated in a least squares adjustment, if geocentric positions, levelled heights
and adequate gravity material are available for all datum zones. The problem can in principle also be solved involving only
two datums, in case a precise global gravity field becomes available purely from satellite methods. 相似文献
2.
为解决世界各国高程基准差异的问题,提出联合卫星重力场模型、地面重力数据、GNSS大地高、局部高程基准的正高或正常高,按大地边值问题法确定局部高程基准重力位差的方法。首先推导了利用传统地面"有偏"重力异常确定高程基准重力位差的方法;接着利用改化Stokes核函数削弱"有偏"重力异常的影响,并联合卫星重力场模型和地面"有偏"重力数据,得到独立于任何局部高程基准的重力水准面,以此来确定局部高程基准重力位差;最后利用GNSS+水准数据和重力大地水准面确定了美国高程基准与全球高程基准W0的重力位差为-4.82±0.05 m2s-2。 相似文献
3.
全球高程基准统一是继全球大地测量坐标系及其参考基准统一之后,大地测量学科面临和亟待解决的一个重要问题,也是全球空间信息共享与交换的基础。本文针对区域高程基准与全球高程基准间基准差异确定的理论、方法及实际问题开展研究。利用物理大地测量高程系统的经典理论方法,给出了高程基准差异的定义,并推导了计算基准差异的严密公式,该公式可将高程基准差异确定的现有3种方法统一起来。在此基础上,分析顾及了不同椭球参数对于计算基准差异的影响及量级,同时,高程异常差法还需考虑全球高程基准重力位与模型计算大地水准面位值不一致引起的零阶项改正。利用青岛原点附近152个GPS水准点数据,分别选择GRS80、WGS-84、CGCS2000参考椭球以及EGM2008、EIGEN-6C4、SGG-UGM-1模型,采用位差法和高程异常差法,确定了我国1985高程基准与全球高程基准的差异。其中,EIGEN-6C4模型计算的我国高程基准与WGS-84参考椭球正常重力位U0定义的全球高程基准之间的差异约为-23.1cm。也就是说,我国高程基准低于采用WGS-84参考椭球正常重力位U0定义的全球高程基准,当选取基于平均海面确定的Gauss-Listing大地水准面作为全球高程基准时,我国1985高程基准高于全球基准约21.0cm。从计算结果还可看出,当前重力场模型在青岛周边不同GPS/水准点的精度差别依然较大,这会导致选择不同数据对确定我国85国家高程基准与全球基准之间的差异影响较大,因此,若要实现厘米级精度区域高程基准与全球高程基准的统一,全球重力场模型的精度和可靠性还需要进一步提高。 相似文献
4.
5.
大地水准面（数字高程基准）为国家高程基准的建立与维持提供了全新的思路。然而，受限于地形、重力数据等原因，高原地区高精度数字高程基准模型的建立一直是大地测量领域的难题。本文以格尔木地区为例，探讨了高原地区高精度数字高程基准模型的建立方法。首先，基于重力和地形数据，由第二类Helmert凝集法计算了格尔木重力似大地水准面。在计算中，考虑到高原地形对大地水准面模型的影响，采用了7.5″×7.5″分辨率和高精度的地形数据来恢复大地水准面短波部分的方法，以提高似大地水准面的精度。然后，利用球冠谐调和分析方法将GNSS水准与重力似大地水准面联合，建立了格尔木高精度数字高程基准模型。与实测的67个高精度GNSS水准资料比较，重力似大地水准面的外符合精度为3.0 cm，数字高程基准模型的内符合精度为2.0 cm。 相似文献
6.
DEM-induced errors in developing a quasi-geoid model for Africa 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Errors in digital elevation models (DEMs) will introduce errors in geoid and quasi-geoid models, via their use in interpolating free-air gravity anomalies and (in the case of the quasi-geoid) their use in computing the Molodensky G
1 term. The effects of these errors and those of datum shifts are assessed using three independent DEMs for a test region in South Africa. It is shown that these effects are significant and that it is important to choose the best-possible DEM for use in geoid and quasi-geoid modelling.
Acknowledgments.The land gravity data used for this research were provided by the South African Council for Geoscience. Marine gravity anomalies were provided by the Danish National Survey and Cadastre (Kort & Matrikelstyrelsen). The GLOBE DEM was provided by the US National Geophysical Data Centre, and the CDSM DEM was provided by the South African Chief Directorate for Surveying and Mapping. The constructive comments of the reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
7.
长江口水域地形地貌研究对河道治理建设、水上交通运输等人类社会经济活动具有重要意义,而建立高精度的无缝深度基准面及其与其他垂直基准间转换模型将直接影响到水陆交界区高精度地形地貌数据的获取及统一综合管理与分析。为此着重研究了基于三维潮波运动数值模拟、海面地形和大地水准面3种手段联合的河口水域无缝深度基准面构建及其与其他垂直基准间转换模型,并在长江口南支这一典型河口水域进行了建模实验和模型精度评估分析。结果显示,垂直基准转换模型中误差为12.4 cm,与现场长期潮位站实际观测结果比对分析得垂直基准转换模型误差绝对值均值为24.2 cm,尽管大于模型中误差估值,但仍满足国际水道测量规范对测深中垂向最大不确定度的要求。 相似文献
8.
Unification of New Zealand’s local vertical datums: iterative gravimetric quasigeoid computations 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
New Zealand uses 13 separate local vertical datums (LVDs) based on geodetic levelling from 12 different tide-gauges. We describe
their unification using a regional gravimetric quasigeoid model and GPS-levelling data on each LVD. A novel application of
iterative quasigeoid computation is used, where the LVD offsets computed from earlier models are used to apply additional
gravity reductions from each LVD to that model. The solution converges after only three iterations yielding LVD offsets ranging
from 0.24 to 0.58 m with an average standard deviation of ±0.08 m. The so-computed LVD offsets agree, within expected data
errors, with geodetically levelled height differences at common benchmarks between adjacent LVDs. This shows that iterated
quasigeoid models have a role in vertical datum unification. 相似文献
9.
根据地球重力场参数的计算模型,借助全球地球重力场模型EGM2008,利用Microsoft Visual Studio 2010面向对象的功能,设计和开发了可以计算任意点重力异常、高程异常、垂线偏差分量的计算程序,以德国地学中心(GFZ)研制的相关软件对程序的正确性进行了验证,以吉林省各城市的经纬度数据计算了对应的重力异常、高程异常、垂线偏差分量。 相似文献
10.
Richard H. Rapp 《Journal of Geodesy》1994,69(1):26-31
This paper discusses the separation between the reference surface of several vertical datums and the geoid. The data used includes a set of Doppler positioned stations, transformation parameters to convert the Doppler positions to ITRF90, and a potential coefficient model composed of the JGM-2 (NASA model) from degree 2 to 70 plus the OSU91A model from degree 71 to 360. The basic method of analysis is the comparison of a geometric geoid undulation derived from an ellipsoidal height and an orthometric height with the undulation computed from the potential coefficient model The mean difference can imply a bias of the datum reference surface with respect to the geoid. Vertical datums in the following countries were considered: England, Germany, United States, and Australia. The following numbers represent the bias values of each datum after adopting an equatorial radius of 6378136.3m: England (-87 cm), Germany (4 cm), United States (NGVD29 (-26 cm)), NAVD88 (-72 cm), Australia AHD (mainland, -68 cm); AHD (Tasmania, -98 cm). A negative sign indicates the datum reference surface is below the geoid. The 91 cm difference between the datums in England and Germany has been independently estimated as 80 cm. The 30 cm difference between AHD (mainland) and AHD (Tasmania) has been independently estimated as 40 cm. These bias values have been estimated from data where the geometric/ gravimetric geoid undulation difference standard deviation, at one station, is typically ±100 cm, although the mean difference is determined more accurately.The results of this paper can be improved and expanded with more accurate geocentric station positions, more accurate and consistent heights with respect to the local vertical datum, and a more accurate gravity field for the Earth. The ideas developed here provide insight on the determination of a world height system. 相似文献
11.
GRACE、GOCE卫星重力计划的实施,对确定高精度重力场模型具有重要贡献。联合GRACE、GOCE卫星数据建立的重力场模型和我国均匀分布的649个GPS/水准数据可以确定我国高程基准重力位,但我国高程基准对应的参考面为似大地水准面,是非等位面,将似大地水准面转化为大地水准面后确定的大地水准面重力位为62 636 854.395 3m~2s~(-2),为提高高阶项对确定大地水准面的贡献,利用高分辨率重力场模型EGM2008扩展GRACE/GOCE模型至2190阶,同时将重力场模型和GPS/水准数据统一到同一参考框架和潮汐系统,最后利用扩展后的模型确定的我国大地水准面重力位为62 636 852.751 8m~2s~(-2)。其中组合模型TIM_R4+EGM2008确定的我国85高程基准重力位值62 636 852.704 5m~2s~(-2)精度最高。重力场模型截断误差对确定我国大地水准面的影响约16cm,潮汐系统影响约4~6cm。 相似文献
12.
Height datum unification between Shenzhen and Hong Kong using the solution of the linearized fixed-gravimetric boundary value problem 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The paper proposes a new algorithm to unify height datums in different regions, which is based on the solution of the linearized
fixed-gravimetric boundary value problem. Compared with traditional methods, this method uses GPS ellipsoidal height and gravity
disturbances on the surface of the earth to obtain a quasigeoid, which is not related to any local vertical datums. As an
example, we calculate the height datum difference between Shenzhen and Hong Kong by applying this new method. The result shows
that the height difference obtained by this new method is consistent with the ground leveling result to a few centimeters. 相似文献
13.
综合应用小波多重分解法和小波多尺度边缘重构方法研究了重力异常的分离,发现该方法可以同时进行纵向和横向影响的有效分离,为复杂地区重力异常的合理分离提供了参考。在模拟实验的基础上,应用该分离方法对琉球俯冲带地区的重力异常进行了分离。在纵向分离中,提出根据重力异常和海底地形的相关性确定合适的分离尺度。在小波多尺度边缘分析中,通过选择合适的尺度范围同样可以达到分离横向重力异常的效果,而且比多尺度边缘重构方法简单。 相似文献
14.
Regional height systems do not refer to a common equipotential surface, such as the geoid. They are usually referred to the mean sea level at a reference tide gauge. As mean sea level varies (by ±1 to 2 m) from place to place and from continent to continent each tide gauge has an unknown bias with respect to a common reference surface, whose determination is what the height datum problem is concerned with. This paper deals with this problem, in connection to the availability of satellite gravity missions data. Since biased heights enter into the computation of terrestrial gravity anomalies, which in turn are used for geoid determination, the biases enter as secondary or indirect effect also in such a geoid model. In contrast to terrestrial gravity anomalies, gravity and geoid models derived from satellite gravity missions, and in particular GRACE and GOCE, do not suffer from those inconsistencies. Those models can be regarded as unbiased. After a review of the mathematical formulation of the problem, the paper examines two alternative approaches to its solution. The first one compares the gravity potential coefficients in the range of degrees from 100 to 200 of an unbiased gravity field from GOCE with those of the combined model EGM2008, that in this range is affected by the height biases. This first proposal yields a solution too inaccurate to be useful. The second approach compares height anomalies derived from GNSS ellipsoidal heights and biased normal heights, with anomalies derived from an anomalous potential which combines a satellite-only model up to degree 200 and a high-resolution global model above 200. The point is to show that in this last combination the indirect effects of the height biases are negligible. To this aim, an error budget analysis is performed. The biases of the high frequency part are proved to be irrelevant, so that an accuracy of 5 cm per individual GNSS station is found. This seems to be a promising practical method to solve the problem. 相似文献
15.
Combining EGM2008 and SRTM/DTM2006.0 residual terrain model data to improve quasigeoid computations in mountainous areas devoid of gravity data 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
A global geopotential model, like EGM2008, is not capable of representing the high-frequency components of Earth’s gravity
field. This is known as the omission error. In mountainous terrain, omission errors in EGM2008, even when expanded to degree
2,190, may reach amplitudes of 10 cm and more for height anomalies. The present paper proposes the utilisation of high-resolution
residual terrain model (RTM) data for computing estimates of the omission error in rugged terrain. RTM elevations may be constructed
as the difference between the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) elevation model and the DTM2006.0 spherical harmonic
topographic expansion. Numerical tests, carried out in the German Alps with a precise gravimetric quasigeoid model (GCG05)
and GPS/levelling data as references, demonstrate that RTM-based omission error estimates improve EGM2008 height anomaly differences
by 10 cm in many cases. The comparisons of EGM2008-only height anomalies and the GCG05 model showed 3.7 cm standard deviation
after a bias-fit. Applying RTM omission error estimates to EGM2008 reduces the standard deviation to 1.9 cm which equates
to a significant improvement rate of 47%. Using GPS/levelling data strongly corroborates these findings with an improvement
rate of 49%. The proposed RTM approach may be of practical value to improve quasigeoid determination in mountainous areas
without sufficient regional gravity data coverage, e.g., in parts of Asia, South America or Africa. As a further application,
RTM omission error estimates will allow refined validation of global gravity field models like EGM2008 from GPS/levelling
data. 相似文献
16.
概括了空间重力异常和布格重力异常的计算方法,计算了中安第斯山局部地区的空间重力异常、地形改正和布格重力异常,发现了其在海拔较高地区多为负值。 相似文献
17.
基于MGS测图段部分弧段的精密定轨及火星重力场模型解算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
火星探测器精密定轨关联到火星探测任务的成功实施并为其科学目标的顺利完成提供保障,火星重力场研究除了为精密定轨服务外,还是进行火星内部结构、火星表面质量迁移及火星形成和演化的重要约束条件。基于火星探测器精密定轨及火星重力场研究的重要意义,本文利用MGS（Mars Global Surveyor）测图任务阶段近两个月的轨道跟踪数据进行了解算分析,对精密定轨结果进行了精度评价。在此基础上,进行了火星重力场模型解算,通过轨道残差、火星自由空气重力异常等方式对解算模型进行了精度评价,结果表明解算模型合理。这一研究为我国即将发射的火星探测计划“萤火一号”轨道跟踪数据用于火星重力场研究打下了基础。 相似文献
18.
One of the aims of the Earth Explorer Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation (GOCE) mission is to provide global
and regional models of the Earth's gravity field and of the geoid with high spatial resolution and accuracy. Using the GOCE
error model, simulation studies were performed in order to estimate the accuracy of datum transfer in different areas of the
Earth. The results showed that with the GOCE error model, the standard deviation of the height anomaly differences is about
one order of magnitude better than the corresponding value with the EGM96 error model. As an example, the accuracy of the
vertical datum transfer from the tide gauge of Amsterdam to New York was estimated equal to 57 cm when the EGM96 error model
was used, while in the case of GOCE error model this accuracy was increased to 6 cm. The geoid undulation difference between
the two places is about 76.5 m. Scaling the GOCE errors to the local gravity variance, the estimated accuracy varied between
3 and 7 cm, depending on the scaling model.
Received: 1 March 2000 / Accepted: 21 February 2001 相似文献
19.
地表观测的重力位场是地形质量、浅部地质结构产生的剩余重力异常和深部地质构造产生的区域重力异常的叠加效应。基于尺寸可变的滑动窗口的二维低阶多项式拟合算法和格网距离（到中心点）倒数的定权规则在空间域对地面观测的重力位场数据进行了不同深度层的区域-剩余异常分离。这克服了常规算法仅在水平方向上区分不同异常空间分布及垂直方向上定性分离的缺陷。并利用构建的模型重力数据和实测重力位场数据分别进行解算,数值结果验证了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
20.
重力异常和垂线偏差是测高卫星非常重要的产品。二者的精度指标对于未来的测高卫星方案设计至关重要。本文利用球谐函数来对重力异常和垂线偏差的精度指标进行讨论,首先从理论上推导了重力异常和垂线偏差误差的近似匹配关系,然后通过6个超高阶重力场模型验证了有关结论的正确性。数值试验表明:垂线偏差误差和重力异常误差满足近似的比例关系,即若垂线偏差各方位向等精度测量,且假定精度均为1μrad,则所对应的重力异常精度约为1.4mGal;反之,若重力异常的精度为1mGal,则所对应的垂线偏差的精度约为0.7μrad。 相似文献