共查询到13条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Du Feng Wang Kai Zhang Xiang Xin Chengpeng Shu Longyong Wang Gongda 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(4):2481-2493
Natural Resources Research - Coal–gas outburst is a complex dynamic phenomenon in underground coal mines that has occurred frequently over the past 150 years. This phenomenon has... 相似文献
2.
Stranded gas is natural gas in discovered fields that is currently not commercially producible for either physical or economic
reasons. This study examines stranded gas from Russia and Central Asia and the role it can play in addressing Europe’s growing
demand for imported natural gas requiring additional volumes of gas in excess of 130 trillion cubic feet. We find sufficient volumes of stranded gas in fields in the Central
Asian state of Turkmenistan in the Amu-Darya Basin and in Russian fields in the West Siberian Basin. The analysis focused
on the estimated cost of extraction and delivery to a single market location for various concentrations of gas in stranded
gas fields in Central Asia and Russia. At import prices of 10 per million British thermal units (MMBTU), there are sufficient gas resources in stranded fields that can be commercially developed and delivered to the European market. If, however, imported gas prices fall below10 per million British thermal units (MMBTU), there are sufficient
gas resources in stranded fields that can be commercially developed and delivered to the European market. If, however, imported
gas prices fall below 7 per MMBTU, most of the stranded gas evaluated from West Siberia will not be commercial. The costs
of delivering gas from the largest stranded gas fields in Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan were calculated to be greater than 30%
below the costs of delivering gas from the largest stranded gas fields in Russia, which are located in the Yamal Peninsula.
Central Asian gas producers, particularly those east of the Caspian Sea, have limited market options due to the near monopoly
position that Gazprom holds in transporting pipeline gas from east of Europe. This study examines several additional options
to supply gas to Europe by reviewing expected delivered costs from North African and Atlantic basin suppliers. 相似文献
3.
Stranded gas resources are defined for this study as gas resources in discrete accumulations that are not currently commercially producible, or producible at full potential, for either physical or economic reasons. Approximately 35 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of stranded gas was identified on Alaska’s North Slope. The commercialization of this resource requires facilities to transport gas to markets where sales revenue will be sufficient to offset the cost of constructing and operating a gas delivery system. With the advent of the shale gas revolution, plans for a gas pipeline to the conterminous US have been shelved (at least temporarily) and the State and resource owners are considering a liquefied natural gas (LNG) export project that targets Asian markets. This paper focuses on competitive conditions for Asian gas import markets by estimating delivered costs of competing supplies from central Asia, Russia, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Australia in the context of a range of import gas demand projections for the period from 2020 to 2040. These suppliers’ costs are based on the cost of developing, producing, and delivering to markets tranches of the nearly 600 TCF of recoverable gas from their own conventional stranded gas fields. The results of these analyses imply that Alaska’s gas exports to Asia will likely encounter substantial competitive challenges. The sustainability of Asia’s oil-indexed LNG pricing is also discussed in light of a potentially intense level of competition. 相似文献
4.
Amin Ettehadtavakkol Christopher Jablonowski Larry Lake 《Natural Resources Research》2017,26(2):177-190
Uncertainty complicates the development optimization of oil and gas exploration and production projects, but methods have been devised to analyze uncertainty and its impact on optimal decision-making. This paper compares two methods for development optimization and uncertainty analysis: Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and stochastic programming. Two example problems for a gas field development and an oilfield development are solved and discussed to elaborate the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Development optimization involves decisions regarding the configuration of initial capital investment and subsequent operational decisions. Uncertainty analysis involves the quantification of the impact of uncertain parameters on the optimum design concept. The gas field development problem is designed to highlight the differences in the implementation of the two methods and to show that both methods yield the exact same optimum design. The results show that both MC optimization and stochastic programming provide unique benefits, and that the choice of method depends on the goal of the analysis. While the MC method generates more useful information, along with the optimum design configuration, the stochastic programming method is more computationally efficient in determining the optimal solution. Reservoirs comprise multiple compartments and layers with multiphase flow of oil, water, and gas. We present a workflow for development optimization under uncertainty for these reservoirs, and solve an example on the design optimization of a multicompartment, multilayer oilfield development. 相似文献
5.
Keyvani Fatemeh Amani Mohammad J. Kalantariasl Azim Vahdani Hossein 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(3):1857-1874
Natural Resources Research - Measurement and modeling of fluid properties and phase behavior of gas condensate reservoir fluids are challenging tasks. Many researchers proposed various empirical... 相似文献
6.
In the offshore part of Beaufort–Mackenzie Basin depth of methane hydrate stability reaches more than 1.5 km. However, there are areas in the western part of the basin where there are no conditions of methane hydrate stability. Construction of the first contour maps displaying thickness of hydrate stability zones as well as hydrate stability zone thicknesses below permafrost in the offshore area, shows that these zones can reach 1200 m and 900 m, respectively. Depth to the base of ice-bearing relict permafrost under the sea (depth of the –1°C isotherm-ice-bearing permafrost base) and regional variations of geothermal gradient are the main controlling factors. Hydrostatic pressures in the upper 1500 m are the rule. History of methane hydrate stability zone is related mainly to the history of permafrost and it reached maximum depth in early Holocene. More recently, the permafrost and hydrate zone is diminishing because of sea transgression. Reevaluation of the location of possible gas hydrate occurrences is done from the analysis of well logs and other indicators in conjunction with knowledge of the hydrate stability zone. In the offshore Beaufort–Mackenzie Basin, methane hydrate occurs in 21 wells. Nine of these locations coincides with underlying conventional hydrocarbon occurrences. Previous analyses place some of the hydrate occurrences at greater depths than proposed for the methane hydrate-stability zone described in this study. Interpretation of geological cross sections and maps of geological sequences reveals that hydrates are occurring in the Iperk–Kugmallit sequence. Hydrate–gas contact zones, however, are possible in numerous situations. As there are no significant geological seals in the deeper part of the offshore basin (all hydrates are within Iperk), it is suggested that overlying permafrost and hydrate stability zone acted as the only trap for upward migrating gas during the last tens of thousand of years (i.e., Sangamonian to Holocene). 相似文献
7.
Zhou Bin Xu Jiang Peng Shoujian Yan Fazhi Yang Wei Cheng Liang Ni Guanhua 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(3):1617-1637
Natural Resources Research - As one of the most serious dynamic disasters in underground coal mining, coal–gas outburst (CGO) leads to very high casualties and economic losses. To research... 相似文献
8.
Natural Resources Research - Quantifying the change in field expected ultimate recovery across time is an old and complex topic fraught with ambiguity and misinterpretation. In this paper, changes... 相似文献
9.
Natural Resources Research - Coal and gas outbursts often result in a large number of casualties and economic losses. Its complex processes involve the multi-field coupling of gas flow, coal... 相似文献
10.
Using survey and interview data gathered from educators and educational administrators, we investigate school and community impacts of unconventional gas extraction within Pennsylvania's Marcellus Shale region. Respondents in areas with high levels of drilling are significantly more likely to perceive the effects of local economic gains, but also report increased inequality, heightened vulnerability of disadvantaged community members, and pronounced strains on local infrastructure. As community stakeholders in positions of local leadership, school leaders in areas experiencing Marcellus Shale natural gas extraction often face multiple decision-making dilemmas. These dilemmas occur in the context of incomplete information and rapid, unpredictable community change involving the emergence of both new opportunities and new insecurities. 相似文献
11.
Natural Resources Research - Coal seam water injection is a critical measure for the prevention of coal-and-gas outbursts. However, the gas–solid–liquid coupling effect in front of the... 相似文献
12.
Natural Resources Research - The U.S. Gulf of Mexico is a world-class hydrocarbon basin and industry has an impressive track record of advancing its capabilities in the region. From 1947 to 2017,... 相似文献
13.
Analysis of geological and geophysical data from 150 wells in the Beaufort—Mackenzie region(study area between 68°30–70°00N and 131°–39°W) led to reinterpretation of the depth ofmethane hydrate stability and construction of the first contour maps displaying thickness of hydratestability zones as well as hydrate stability zone thicknesses below permafrost. Calculations werebased on construction of temperature-depth profiles incorporating regional heat-flow values, temperatureat the base of ice-bearing permafrost, and models relating thermal conductivity with depth.Data analysis indicates the presence and extent of the methane hydrate stability zone is relatedmainly to the history of permafrost development and less so by the relatively small regionalvariations of temperature gradients. Analysis of well logs and other indicators in conjunction withknowledge of the hydrate stability zone allows reevaluation of the location of possible gas hydrateoccurrences. Log analysis indicates that in the onshore and shallow sea area of theBeaufort—Mackenzie Basin, methane hydrate occurs in 27 wells. Fifteen of these locations coincides withunderlying conventional hydrocarbon occurrences. Previous analyses place some of the hydrateoccurrences at greater depths than proposed for the methane hydrate stability zone described inthis study. Interpretation of geological cross sections reveals that hydratesare related mainly to sandy deltaic and delta-plain deposits in Iperk, Kugmallit, and Reindeer sequences althoughadditional hydrate picks have been inferred in other sequences, such as Richards. Overlyingpermafrost may act as seal for hydrate accumulations; however, the thickness of permafrost andits related hydrate stability zone fluctuated during geological time. It is interpreted that only inthe last tens of thousand of years (i.e., Sangamonian to Holocene), conditions for hydrates changedfrom nonstable to stable. During Early and Late Wisconsinan and Holocene time, conditions werefavorable for generation and trapping of hydrates. However, previously during Sangamonian time,less favorable conditions existed for hydrate stability. Gas release from hydrates may have occurredduring times when hydrate stability was nonexistent because of permafrost melting episodes. It isinterpreted that entrapment of gas in hydrate molecular structures is related to the existence ofconventional structural traps as well as less permeable sediments such as the Mackenzie BayFormation, which act as seal. 相似文献