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土地、房产调查是“城中村”改造中的重要环节。为保证“城中村”改造的顺利进行，必须对“城中村”集体所有的土地、农民私有的房屋、集体公有的房屋等进行详细而精确的调查、测量。由于“城中村”改造工作是涉及农民、农民集体和国家三方利益的复杂的系统工程，“城中村”内的房地产具有房地产权属界线难以确认，房屋结构、层数，用途复杂多样，房屋所有者杂乱等特点，因此“城中村”改造中的房地产调查、测量也面临确认权属界线、确定房屋结构、层数和面积，确认房屋所有者，保证房地产测量精度等问题，需要精心组织，规范操作程度，依法保障各方利益，才能促进“城中村”改造工作的顺利开展。 相似文献
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红枣、核桃的用地类型在土地利用现状调查中不容易确定。红枣、核桃从山区、丘陵区转移到平川盆地区以后,发生了三方面的变化,一是水果化、二是集约化、三是占用土地一般为优质耕地,因此,平川区的红枣、核桃用地符合园地的特征,是真正的园地;而山区、丘陵区的红枣、核桃用地依然是林地。地上农作物相同,而土地利用类型不同。 相似文献
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陆相二叠系-三叠系界线研究进展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
着重介绍了几个目前陆相二叠系—三叠系界线（TPTB）研究的重点剖面及其生物地层学研究进展；分析了陆相二叠系—三叠系界线综合地层学研究现状，包括生物地层学、事件地层学、同位素年代学、磁性地层学和层序地层学等；剖析了陆相二叠系-三叠系界线地层学研究中存在的问题及进一步的研究方向。生物地层方面，陆相二叠系-三叠系界线附近存在晚二叠世与早三叠世生物混生的层位，其中不同类别生物的时间界线常不一致，又由于陆相界线地层中含脊椎动物化石的层位一般较少，以脊椎动物化石（Lystrosaurus）为标准的精确界线常不确定，因而需重新寻找并确定陆相三叠系底界的标准化石。事件地层标志可能会成为连结海、陆相二叠系-三叠系界线地层高精度对比的纽带。 相似文献
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随着地籍管理科技发展,铁路用地地籍管理在引入国家大地统一坐标系的测量技术手段的同时,为满足铁路用地线状分布特点和Et常管理的需要,仍然保留了独立坐标系统。而铁路运营设备的不断更新和技术装备的不断提高,铁路线路设备发生了较多拨移、变线或改道,作为确认铁路地界线位置的基准线,铁路线路的变化,对快速准确地查找铁路地界线产生了直接影响。为此,针对铁路用地参照坐标的变化情况及调整方法进行了深入调查研究,提出了可行性建议。 相似文献
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深海二叠——三叠系界线研究现状 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
综述了深海二叠（Ｐ）－－三叠系（Ｔ）界线研究现状，介绍了深海Ｐ－Ｔ界线附近岩石地层，生物地层、缺氧事件及生物绝灭和复苏的研究进展，指出了深海Ｐ－Ｔ界线，缺氧事件和生物绝灭研究的分歧、不足及其症结。 相似文献
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Zeyad Makhamreh 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(10):384
The mountainous region represents the most important agricultural and biodiversity haven in Jordan. The objective of this study is to characterize the seasonal pattern of land use and vegetation using multi-temporal SPOT images. Multi-temporal SPOT images were analyzed to characterize the land use and cropping pattern in the mountain regions of Jordan. The images were radiometrically corrected using invariant objects located on the image, and a linear inter-calibration method was used to calibrate the other images. A hybrid classification approach was used in the classification; the spectral signatures of the land-use classes were derived in an iterative procedure using the ISODATA and field survey data. Then, the maximum likelihood classification was applied on all images to classify the class signatures into thematic land-use types. The hybrid classification approach gives more accurate classification accuracy especially for the multi-seasonal image classification. The overall accuracy of the multi-temporal data set was achieved with 87.9%, while classification accuracy for single-date classifications were 61.3, 76.8, 72.2, and 65.5 for months of October, February, April, and June, respectively. In addition, the scene combinations that were derived from February and April were classified the land-use types almost as well as those combinations including more scenes. Regarding the classification details, the multi-temporal images enable higher level of classification for land-use types such as Anderson level 2, and produce accurate boundaries for the different cropping and farming systems. 相似文献
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正蓝旗荒漠化遥感动态监测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以1987年和2000年两期TM影像数据为信息源,提取研究区两期荒漠化土地数据,建立数据库,获得正蓝旗1987～2000年土地荒漠化动态图,统计计算该区13年内不同程度荒漠化土地之间的转换面积,采用转移矩阵法建立1987～2000年土地动态转移数据矩阵,结果表明：该区荒漠化土地从1987年的5 593.8 km2发展到2000年的6015.3 km2,发展的平均速率为32.4 km2/年,土地荒漠化严重,以轻度和中度为主,部分极重度和重度荒漠化土地得到了好转,但新的更多的中度和轻度荒漠化土地在发展。在10～15年的时间尺度内,土地荒漠化程度加重与减轻存在明显的跃变递减过程,主要发生在北部平原地区,发展的动态趋势是整体扩展,局部逆转（主要在西部）。 相似文献
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基于GIS和背景数据知识的空间数据库遥感更新研究--以安徽省1:5万土地利用现状数据库为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着我国社会经济快速发展,地理空间数据库的快速动态更新是迫切需要解决的问题.采用遥感TM图像为数据源,基于GIS对数据操作、管理、显示等良好功能以及背景数据知识,通过地学知识发现和综合建立各地类解译标志,直接在空间背景数据库基础上进行多要素修改变更,具有时间省、工作量小、效率和精度高特点,成功地实现了1:5万土地利用现状数据库一级和部分二级地类2000年时相的快速、准确更新.该方法也可应用于其他相应比例尺地理空间数据库的更新. 相似文献
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为了深化遥感监测方法在生态环境调查中的应用,本文以吉林西部为试验区,设计了一种多时相遥感数据分类方案。该方案以物候信息为主,结合地物特征变量(植被、水体和土地信息)构建的多维特征空间数据集用于土地覆被分类。该遥感分类方案提取了9种地表覆被类型,结果表明:地表植被季节变化信息和土地利用信息的引入能明显改善土地覆被的分类精度;与基于原始波段的分类方案相比,多时相遥感数据分类方案的分类精度最好,总体分类精度为95.50%,Kappa系数为95.04%。 相似文献
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多源地学数据包括遥感、地球化学和地球物理数据,介绍了利用多源地学数据进行造山带构造单元划分的方法。遥感数据在确定区域构造边界及活动断层方面的应用非常广泛,遥感影像在解译线形构造即断层方面有非常明显的效果,可以根据不同构造单元的影像差异,区分不同的地质体、线性构造及活动断层,同时用遥感数据叠加三维地形数据分析线性构造可以更加直观地解译线性构造。地球化学数据在确定大的构造边界方面具有一定的指示意义,可以根据水系沉积物的地球化学特点,运用因子分析方法确定大的构造边界。地球物理数据提供的是地质体及构造边界在深部的延伸情况,可以为研究断裂的运动学和动力学特征提供证据。 相似文献
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多源地学数据包括遥感、地球化学和地球物理数据,介绍了利用多源地学数据进行造山带构造单元划分的方法。遥感数据在确定区域构造边界及活动断层方面的应用非常广泛,遥感影像在解译线形构造即断层方面有非常明显的效果,可以根据不同构造单元的影像差异,区分不同的地质体、线性构造及活动断层,同时用遥感数据叠加三维地形数据分析线性构造可以更加直观地解译线性构造。地球化学数据在确定大的构造边界方面具有一定的指示意义,可以根据水系沉积物的地球化学特点,运用因子分析方法确定大的构造边界。地球物理数据提供的是地质体及构造边界在深部的延伸情况,可以为研究断裂的运动学和动力学特征提供证据。 相似文献
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Spectral mixture analysis (SMA) is an image-processing technique used for the analysis of airborne hyperspectral remote-sensing data which consist of a large number of spectral bands, typically over 100. In this paper the possibilities are examined of using SMA for the analysis of Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite data with only six bands in the visible to shortwave-infrared wavelength. We use data from a semi-arid area in the Sanmatenga province of Burkina Faso, an area known to experience land-degradation problems. In SMA, we assume that pixels in an image consist of one or more homogeneous (uniform in character) or pure surfaces, the so called end-members. The end-members were derived from the image data on the basis of specific image characteristics. Field data was collected to describe the characteristics of these end-members in terms of land cover, soil and degradation phenomena. The end-members derived from the image analysis, although statistically pure in terms of image spectral characteristics, prove to be mixtures at a field scale. This lack of purity is explained by the nature of semi-arid areas which is more heterogeneous than that of most other areas. The SMA yielded cover percentages for the end-members from which an unsupervised classification was made. Comparison of the classification with the results of SMA shows that the latter provides information on the amount and spatial distribution of land characteristics such as land degradation. 相似文献
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Alexandre Boucher 《Mathematical Geosciences》2009,41(3):265-290
Super-resolution or sub-pixel mapping is the process of providing fine scale land cover maps from coarse-scale satellite sensor
information. Such a procedure calls for a prior model depicting the spatial structures of the land cover types. When available,
an analog of the underlying scene (a training image) may be used for such a model. The single normal equation simulation algorithm
(SNESIM) allows extracting the relevant pattern information from the training image and uses that information to downscale
the coarse fraction data into a simulated fine scale land cover scene. Two non-exclusive approaches are considered to use
training images for super-resolution mapping. The first one downscales the coarse fractions into fine-scale pre-posterior
probabilities which is then merged with a probability lifted from the training image. The second approach pre-classifies the
fine scale patterns of the training image into a few partition classes based on their coarse fractions. All patterns within
a partition class are recorded by a search tree; there is one tree per partition class. At each fine scale pixel along the
simulation path, the coarse fraction data is retrieved first and used to select the appropriate search tree. That search tree
contains the patterns relevant to that coarse fraction data. To ensure exact reproduction of the coarse fractions, a servo-system
keeps track of the number of simulated classes inside each coarse fraction. Being an under-determined stochastic inverse problem,
one can generate several super resolution maps and explore the space of uncertainty for the fine scale land cover. The proposed
SNESIM sub-pixel resolution mapping algorithms allow to: (i) exactly reproduce the coarse fraction, (ii) inject the structural
model carried by the training image, and (iii) condition to any available fine scale ground observations. Two case studies
are provided to illustrate the proposed methodology using Landsat TM data from southeast China. 相似文献