共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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应用湿位涡理论，对发生在广西境内由台风减弱的低压引发的大暴雨过程进行诊断。结果表明：暴雨产生在θe面陡峭密集区附近，θe陡立密集区附近易导致湿斜压涡度发展；当对流层低层MPV1〈0，同时MPV2〉0时，暴雨易发生，暴雨产生在高低空正负湿位涡柱的下方；对流层高层高值湿位涡下传，使得对流层低层稳定度降低，导致对流不稳定能量释放，有利于暴雨产生。低层西南暖湿气流加强，不稳定能量在释放的同时不断得到补充，使得暴雨增幅。 相似文献
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"碧丽斯"台风暴雨影响广西的湿位涡诊断分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
应用湿位涡理论,对发生在广西境内由台风减弱的低压引发的大暴雨过程进行诊断。结果表明:暴雨产生在eθ面陡峭密集区附近,eθ陡立密集区附近易导致湿斜压涡度发展;当对流层低层M PV 1<0,同时M PV 2>0时,暴雨易发生,暴雨产生在高低空正负湿位涡柱的下方;对流层高层高值湿位涡下传,使得对流层低层稳定度降低,导致对流不稳定能量释放,有利于暴雨产生。低层西南暖湿气流加强,不稳定能量在释放的同时不断得到补充,使得暴雨增幅。 相似文献
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阿克苏北部暴雨和冰雹湿位涡对比诊断分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
应用湿位涡理论,分别对阿克苏北部2次暴雨和冰雹过程进行诊断分析。结果表明：θse面陡立易导致湿斜压涡度发展,形成θse陡峭密集区,密集区内暴雨和冰雹容易发生;850hPa MPV1〈0和MPV2〉0以及700hPa MPV1〉0和MPV2〈0,易产生暴雨,且MPV1和MPV2数量级相当,即正压过程与斜压过程同样重要。冰雹发生时850hPa MPV1〉0和MPV2〈0,由于影响系统的不同,700hPa MPV1和MPV2分布有所不同,但存在MPV1和MPV2的正负配置,有利于倾斜涡度发展。 相似文献
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对2005年"海棠"台风倒槽造成河南特大暴雨过程的湿位涡分析结果表明:倾斜涡度发展是暴雨产生和加强的重要机制之一,暴雨产生在eθ线陡立密集区内,湿位涡在这次暴雨过程中边界层内925hPa具有MPV1>0、MPV2<0的特征,此次暴雨产生在正的MPV1中心附近,有利的地形条件在一定程度上增加了降水量。 相似文献
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切变线暴雨过程中湿位涡的中尺度时空特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用中尺度数值预报模式MM5V3.6,对2005年9月19—21日发生在山东中南部的区域性切变线暴雨天气过程进行了数值模拟。并用高时空分辨率的模式输出资料,对此次暴雨过程的湿位涡场特征进行了诊断分析。结果表明:θse面陡立易导致湿斜压涡度的发展,形成θse陡峭密集区,密集区内容易发生暴雨。通过湿位涡的分析,揭示了暴雨过程中湿位涡的中尺度演变特征和空间结构,表明切变线暴雨的发生发展与湿位涡的时空演变有很好的联系。暴雨主要出现在850hPa的ζMPV1负值区和ζMPV2正值区等值线密集区附近,降水中心位于ζMPV1负值中心前部对流不稳定区中。 相似文献
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对2005年"海棠"台风倒槽造成河南特大暴雨过程的湿位涡分析结果表明:倾斜涡度发展是暴雨产生和加强的重要机制之一,暴雨产生在θe线陡立密集区内,湿位涡在这次暴雨过程中边界层内925hPa具有MPV1＞0、MPV2＜0的特征,此次暴雨产生在正的MPV1中心附近,有利的地形条件在一定程度上增加了降水量. 相似文献
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Dynamical and Thermal Problems in Vortex Development
and Movement. Part II: Generalized Slantwise
Vorticity Development 
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下载免费PDF全文 The development of vertical vorticity under adiabatic condition is investigated by virtue of the view of potential vorticity and potential temperature (PV-θ) and from a Lagrangian perspective. A new concept of generalized slantwise vorticity development (GSVD) is introduced for adiabatic condition. The GSVD is a coordinate independent framework of vorticity development (VD), which includes slantwise vorticity development (SVD) when a particle is sliding down the concave slope or up the convex slope of a sharply tilting isentropic surface under stable or unstable condition. The SVD is a special VD for studying the severe weather systems with rapid development of vertical vorticity. In addition, the GSVD clarifies VD and SVD. The criteria for VD and SVD demonstrate that the demand for SVD is much more restricted than the demand for VD. When an air parcel is moving down the concave slope or up the convex slope of a sharply tilting isentropic surface in a stable stratified atmosphere with its stability decreasing, or in an unstable atmosphere with its stability increasing, i.e., its stability θ z approaches zero, its vertical vorticity can develop rapidly if its C D is decreasing. The theoretical results are employed to analyze a Tibetan Plateau (TP) vortex (TPV), which appeared over the TP, then slid down and moved eastward in late July 2008, resulting in heavy rainfall in Sichuan Province and along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The change of PV 2 contributed to the intensification of the TPV from 0000 to 0600 UTC 22 July 2008 when it slid upward on the upslope of the northeastern edge of the Sichuan basin, since the changes in both horizontal vorticity η s and baroclinity θ s have positive effects on the development of vertical vorticity. At 0600 UTC 22 July 2008, the criterion for SVD at 300 K isentropic surface is satisfied, meaning that SVD occurred and contributed significantly to the development of vertical vorticity. The appearance of the stronger signals concerning the VD and SVD surrounding the vortex indicates that the GSVD concept can serve as a useful tool for diagnosing the development of weather systems. 相似文献
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Potential vorticity (PV) has been served as a powerful and useful dynamic tracer for the understanding of the large-scale dynamics and synoptic variations in the atmosphere and oceans. Significant progress has been made on the application of PV.
In recent decades there has been a substantial amount of work done on PV in a general moist atmosphere. In this paper PV and the generalized moist potential vorticity (GMPV) and their application in the tropical cyclones and mesoscale meteorological field are reviewed. The GMPV is derived for a real atmosphere (neither totally dry nor saturated) by introducing a generalized potential temperature instead of the potential temperature or equivalent potential temperature. Such a generalization can depict the moist effect on PV anomaly in the non-uniformly saturated atmosphere. A new convective vorticity vector (CVV) is introduced in connection with GMPV in order to diagnose the development of tropical deep convections. 相似文献
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In this paper,the continuity and thermodynamic equations including moisture forcings were derived.Using these two equations and the basic momentum equation of local Cartesian coordinates,the budget equation of generalized moist potential vorticity(GMPV) was derived.The GMPV equation is a good generalization of the Ertel potential vorticity(PV) and moist potential vorticity(MPV) equations.The GMPV equation is conserved under adiabatic,frictionless,barotropic,or saturated atmospheric conditions,and it is closely associated with the horizontal frontogenesis and stability of the real atmosphere.A real case study indicates that term diabatic heating could be a useful diagnostic tool for heavy rainfall events. 相似文献
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HORIZONTAL VORTICITY INDUCED BY
VERTICAL SHEAR AND VERTICAL MOTION DURING A SQUALL LINE
PROCESS 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The horizontal vorticity equation used in this study
was obtained using the equations of motion in the pressure
coordinate system without considering friction, to reveal its
relationship with vertical shear. By diagnostically analyzing
each term in the horizontal vorticity equation during a squall
line process that occurred on 19 June 2010, we found that the
non-thermal wind term had a negative contribution to the local
change of upward movement in the low-level atmosphere, and that
its impact changed gradually from negative to positive with
altitude, which could influence upward movement in the mid- and
upper-level atmosphere greatly. The contribution of upward
vertical transport to vertical movement was the largest in the
low-level atmosphere, but had negative contribution to the
upper-level atmosphere. These features were most evident in the
development stage of the squall line. Based on analysis of
convection cells along a squall line, we found that in the
process of cell development diabatic heating caused the
subsidence of constant potential temperature surface and non-
geostrophic motion, which then triggered strong convergence of
horizontal acceleration in the mid-level atmosphere and
divergence of horizontal acceleration in the upper-level
atmosphere. These changes of horizontal wind field could cause a
counterclockwise increment of the horizontal vorticity around
the warm cell, which then generated an increase of upward
movement. This was the main reason why the non-thermal wind term
had the largest contribution to the strengthening of upward
movement in the mid- and upper-level atmosphere. The vertical
transport of large value of horizontal vorticity was the key to
trigger convection in this squall line process. 相似文献
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水平涡度与夏季风环流变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在斜压涡度发展理论的基础上，讨论了大尺度大气运动中水平涡度向垂直涡度转化的情况，并用以刻划夏季风变动。将声坐标中涡度方程的有关项在2坐标中分离出水平涡度向垂直涡度转化的主要项，经尺度分析得出，在对流层中、高层，这些转化项中的水平分量是大尺度大气斜压性涡度发展的主要因子。通过对1998年4—8月的GAME(GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment，全球能量和水分循环试验(GEWEX)的子试验：亚洲季风试验，简称GAME)再分析资料进行实际计算发现，转化项在东亚夏季风上升支的600 hPa及以上层次对P坐标垂直涡度的局地变化贡献很大，不能忽略。同时发现水平涡度向垂直涡度的转化对南海季风爆发和江淮梅雨入梅及其发展过程均有指示性意义。南海季风爆发以后，在中国东南部地区，转化项的大小与夏季风的活跃和中断等活动吻合，转化项的变化反映了西太平洋副高在中国大陆的活动规律。 相似文献
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涡旋发展和移动的动力和热力问题Ⅱ:广义倾斜涡度发展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
从位涡-位温（PV-θ）以及拉格朗日观点,引入广义倾斜涡度发展的概念研究绝热条件下的垂直涡度发展。广义倾斜涡度发展是一个与涡度发展的坐标无关的概念框架,该框架包括倾斜涡度发展。倾斜涡度发展研究当大气处于稳定或不稳定层结情形,空气质点沿着向上凸的陡峭等熵面下滑或沿着向下凹的陡峭等熵面上滑过程垂直涡度激烈发展。因此,倾斜涡度发展是研究强烈天气过程的涡度发展非常强的情形。此外,广义倾斜涡度发展概念澄清了涡度发展和倾斜涡度发展的区别,涡度发展和倾斜涡度发展的判别标准表明,倾斜涡度发展的要求比涡度发展的要求严格很多。在空气质点沿着向上凸的陡峭等熵面下滑或沿着向下凹的陡峭等熵面上滑过程,当在稳定大气中静力稳定度（θz）迅速减小或在不稳定大气中静力稳定度（θz）迅速增大,即静力稳定度（θz）趋于0时,如果CD<0,那么垂直涡度将急速发展。应用得到的理论结果分析了2008年7月下旬的一次青藏高原低涡过程,该低涡形成于青藏高原中西部,东移滑出青藏高原然后继续东移,给四川盆地和长江中下游带来强降水。诊断表明,2008年7月22日00—06时（世界时）青藏高原低涡沿着四川盆地东北边的斜坡爬升时低涡加强发展,PV2变化对低涡加强发展有贡献,因为此时的水平涡度（ηs）变化和斜压度（θs）变化都对垂直涡度发展起正贡献。而且,22日06时,330 K等熵面的倾斜涡度发展判据满足,表明倾斜涡度发展并对垂直涡度发展起重要贡献。围绕着低涡中心较强的涡度发展和倾斜涡度发展信号表明,广义倾斜涡度发展概念框架可以作为诊断天气过程的一个有用工具。 相似文献
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青藏高原东北侧一次暴雪过程的湿位涡分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用NCEP（1°×1°）全球再分析格点资料,对青藏高原东北侧2002年10月18日一次暴雪天气进行诊断分析。结果表明：500 hPa北上的西南暖湿气流与东移南压的西北冷空气在36°N附近交汇形成的高原切变线是造成这次强降水的主要天气系统。暴雪发生在700 hPa湿位涡正压项MPV1正值密集带和湿位涡斜压项MPV2负值区中。由于等eθ线变得陡立密集,大气对流不稳定能量释放,MPV2绝对值增大,大气湿斜压性增强导致下滑倾斜涡度发展是形成此次暴雪的重要原因,它对暴雪预报有着很好的指示作用。 相似文献