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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(1)
海南岛东部滨海砂矿含有丰富的稀有元素和贵重金属,是一种潜在的矿产资源。根据不同矿物组分的沉积物存在地震波阻抗差异的特点,采用高分辨率单道地震反射勘探方法可以快速、有效地刻画海洋浅部沉积中砂矿的空间分布特征。介绍了利用地震属性聚类/分类方法对海南岛东部近海采集的单道地震数据进行地震相到沉积相的转换,实现对这一区域含砂矿沉积层的识别,然后与钻孔结果对比和综合分析,进而从空间上刻画砂层空间分布范围,为砂矿资源量估算提供准确参数。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2014,(5)
对取自南黄海西部陆架区的SYS-0803孔上部的岩心样品进行了粒度分析,分离出了对沉积环境变化较敏感的粒度组分,并将粒度参数的垂向分布序列与浅地层剖面反射特征进行了对比研究。结果表明,岩心样品的粒度变化特征较好地指示了该区域古环境的演化过程,自下而上依次经历了滨浅海沉积—河流沉积—河口湾沉积—滨浅海沉积—陆架沉积等环境。 相似文献
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本文通过南海北部陆坡神狐海域浅地层、单道地震剖面联合解释,发现了一系列与天然气水合物密切相关的海底异常地貌、地层结构.在精细浅地层剖面上发现了陆坡丘状体、浅部断层以及由连续强反射层、声空白补丁、局部增强反射和声空白带构成的海底浅部含气带.浅部含气带位于海底之下34-82m,通过其空间分布位置判断,认为气体来源于深部天然气水合物的分解.在单道地震剖面上识别出麻坑、气体渗漏柱、褶皱、模拟海底反射(BSR,bottom simulating reflector)等结构.BSR位于我国首次钻取的天然气水合物样品深度之下,判断其为该区水合物稳定带底界.依据ODP1148站深海钻井的地层厚度、沉积速率、测年等资料进行地层划分,识别出渐新世、中新世等地层界面,初步建立了神狐海域水合物区沉积地层年代标尺.地层年代划分结果表明BSR、褶皱、首次钻取的水合物样品位于晚中新世至上新世地层内,以上地层成为南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物勘探重点目标层位. 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2015,(2)
通过对山东半岛南部滨浅海区高分辨率浅地层剖面的分析解译,将研究区晚第四纪的地层划分成具有层序意义的6个声学反射地层单元(SU1—SU6),通过典型浅地层剖面与研究区内QDZ03孔和QDZ01孔进行对比,发现声学反射地层单元的划分与钻孔岩心沉积物沉积单元的划分具有很好的对应关系,依据钻孔岩心沉积相特征和沉积物测年数据,我们认为SU1、SU3和SU5分别对应于氧同位素1期、3期和5期的海相沉积,SU2和SU4对应于氧同位素2期和4期的陆相沉积。 相似文献
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东沙群岛西南海区泥火山的地球物理特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
多道反射地震和CHIRP浅地层剖面显示在南海东沙群岛西南陆坡和白云凹陷东部陆坡之间的深水(600~1 000m)陆坡上矗立着一系列高出周围海底50~100m的丘形地质体,其内部地层发生褶皱,反射波呈现杂乱和空白,海底声波屏蔽严重。浅地层剖面还显示丘状构造带有气体羽状构造,从海底进入水体高达50m。海底沉积取样分析表明,这些海丘区的表层分布着生物成因的致密碳酸盐结核。可以推断东沙西南的丘形地质体就是泥火山带,并且可能是一个重要的水合物潜在区。东沙西南海区泥火山表现出构造挤压和带状分布的特点,不同于南海北部神狐和九龙甲烷礁已发现水合物区的非泥火山,也不同于全球其他典型被动大陆边缘的泥火山特征,其构造成因和水合物潜力有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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利用全覆盖的多波束测深、侧扫声纳和浅地层剖面等声波探测数据,分析研究了青岛近海灾害地质类型及其声学反射特征,编制了青岛近海灾害地质图。青岛近海灾害地质主要有:活动断层、潮流沙脊、活动沙波、海底滑坡、出露基岩、礁石、埋藏断层、侵蚀沟槽、潮流三角洲和埋藏古河道等。根据其危害程度和成因对该海域的灾害地质类型进行了分类,并对其形态特征、空间分布、成因机制及对海洋工程建设的影响进行了分析讨论。结合前人研究成果,探讨了构造运动、海平面变化和现代水动力等地质环境因素对青岛近海灾害地质形成和分布的影响。通过对青岛近海灾害地质研究,可为该地区海洋工程建设和防灾减灾提供理论基础。 相似文献
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根据在日照近岸海域施工的地质钻孔和浅地层剖面测量资料,对比南黄海已有钻孔成果,系统地开展日照近岸海域晚更新世以来地层结构特征识别和沉积环境演化重建。结果表明:日照近岸海域沉积地层中见含有有孔虫化石的第二海相层,形成年代介于34.3~41.4 cal.ka B.P.,对应MIS3的暖湿阶段,该层位可能与古三角洲有关。沉积层从上往下分别为:滨海相细砂混杂泥质沉积层(命名为DU1沉积单元);河流-河口相粉砂质黏土夹粗砂、粉砂层(DU2沉积单元);浅海相粉砂质黏土夹粗砂层(DU3沉积单元);河流-湖泊相粗砂夹黏土层(DU4沉积单元)。晚更新世以来日照东部南黄海海域主要经历了2~3次显著的海侵和海退,各区域因条件不同表现有所差异:日照近岸浅水区主要表现为两次海侵和海退,东部深水区主要表现为三次海侵和海退,由于地势高低和侵蚀破坏等原因,总体表现为从离岸深水区域向近岸浅水区域海相地层厚度逐渐减少的趋势,部分地层出现尖灭消失。 相似文献
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Comparison of buried sand ridges and regressive sand ridges on the outer shelf of the East China Sea 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Ziyin Wu Xianglong Jin Jieqiong Zhou Dineng Zhao Jihong Shang Shoujun Li Zhenyi Cao Yuyang Liang 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2017,38(1-2):187-198
Based on multi-beam echo soundings and high-resolution single-channel seismic profiles, linear sand ridges in U14 and U2 on the East China Sea (ECS) shelf are identified and compared in detail. Linear sand ridges in U14 are buried sand ridges, which are 90 m below the seafloor. It is presumed that these buried sand ridges belong to the transgressive systems tract (TST) formed 320–200 ka ago and that their top interface is the maximal flooding surface (MFS). Linear sand ridges in U2 are regressive sand ridges. It is presumed that these buried sand ridges belong to the TST of the last glacial maximum (LGM) and that their top interface is the MFS of the LGM. Four sub-stage sand ridges of U2 are discerned from the high-resolution single-channel seismic profile and four strikes of regressive sand ridges are distinguished from the submarine topographic map based on the multi-beam echo soundings. These multi-stage and multi-strike linear sand ridges are the response of, and evidence for, the evolution of submarine topography with respect to sea-level fluctuations since the LGM. Although the difference in the age of formation between U14 and U2 is 200 ka and their sequences are 90 m apart, the general strikes of the sand ridges are similar. This indicates that the basic configuration of tidal waves on the ECS shelf has been stable for the last 200 ka. A basic evolutionary model of the strata of the ECS shelf is proposed, in which sea-level change is the controlling factor. During the sea-level change of about 100 ka, five to six strata are developed and the sand ridges develop in the TST. A similar story of the evolution of paleo-topography on the ECS shelf has been repeated during the last 300 ka. 相似文献
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J. M. Reynolds 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1990,12(1-2):41-48
High-frequency seismic reflection profiling is a well-established and often used technique in marine investigations. Traditionally seismic data are viewed as two-dimensional time sections. Given closely spaced profile lines, it is possible to produce posted two-way travel time maps of sub-surface reflectors which, when plotted as isometric displays, clearly show the three-dimensional spatial morphology of the sub-surface topography. With borehole control, such information can be used to provide a series of images which indicate temporal as well as spatial relationships of sub-surface reflectors. With the high-resolution afforded by high-frequency methods, detailed information on palaeo-environments can be reconstructed. Using the geophysical database as a basic framework, other aspects of the same environment can be examined in considerable detail. To demonstrate the effectiveness of these procedures, examples will be given from Plymouth Sound where a series of nested buried rock valleys has been mapped in detail from Sparker and Boomer surveys which have been interpreted in the light of newly-acquired borehole information. Isometric plots of the various sub-surface interfaces show how the channels have developed as sea level has risen over the last ca. 10,000 years. Different sedimentological facies can be resolved within the channel system thus providing information about the processes involved in their formation. Methods of improving the resolution and subsequent geological interpretation of high-resolution seismic reflection surveys are being developed for shallow marine and estuarine environments such as those found in Plymouth Sound. 相似文献
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黄东海灾害地质类型及声学反射特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
高分辨率声学剖面资料是识别海洋灾害地质现象的有效手段。该文利用国家“12 6”专项调查在黄东海海域获得的各种声学剖面及历史资料 ,在黄东海海底及浅层识别出多种灾害地质类型 ,如潮成沙脊、沙波、古河道、断层、浅层气等。根据对它们的声学特征及成因机制的分析 ,作者认为 :潮流是黄东海海底表层灾害地质形成的主要动力因素 ;而浅层灾害地质因素以古河道、断层、浅层气等为主。 相似文献
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浅地层剖面系统在海洋工程勘察、海洋矿产资源探测等方面发挥着重要的作用。美国EdgeTech公司生产的3200系列是一种应用较为广泛的Chirp信号浅地层剖面系统,该仪器原始记录的JSF格式数据与传统的SEGY地震数据格式存在很多不同的地方,具体体现在文件头和道头部分,特别是数据记录方式上它同时记录了包络信号和振幅信号两种类型的数据。因此,编写适用的C程序代码将JSF原始数据转换为包络信号和振幅信号两种类型的SEG-Y标准地震数据,并运用该程序读取并转换了南海北部某区域的实测浅剖数据,并分析了浅剖资料解释中采用包络信号数据的原因,为利用振幅信号数据反演海底反射系数等后续工作奠定了基础。 相似文献
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The numerous submarine and elevated terraces that fringe shorelines of the Hawaiian Islands have been used as classic examples of mid-ocean Quaternary eustatic terraces. Submarine canyons are important geomorphic features of island slopes. Later reef growth often partly masks both the terraces and canyons. Although difficult to match from one side of an island to the other, some of the terraces have been correlated to successions of higher and lower Quaternary sea levels determined elsewhere in the world. Subbottom seismic reflection profiling now permits a new view of the problem, especially as related to the most recent marine history of Oahu. The geophysical work allows a partial deciphering of former terraces, now buried by younger reefs and sand, and at the same time shows that the heads of submarine canyons do connect with subaerial valleys beneath the succession of Quaternary nearshore deposits. However, the work has disclosed so many additional buried terraces as to raise serious doubts whether it will be possible, without improved techniques of dating the deposits themselves, to unravel the history of Quaternary sea-level changes in Hawaii, much less to correlate them with events recorded elsewhere. 相似文献
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海底天然气渗漏是海洋环境中广泛分布的自然现象,在世界各大洋中都有发现。海底渗漏的气体赋存于浅部地层,可以改变近表层沉积物的物理性质,使其在声学剖面上得以反映。通过对南海北部陆坡某海域研究区浅地层剖面和地震数据分析,在浅地层剖面上发现了声空白、声混浊、增强反射层、速度下拉等特征,在地震剖面上则识别出气烟囱或泥底辟、亮点、速度下拉、增强反射层等特征。以似海底反射层（BSR）作为地震剖面上明显的含气层标志,划分了2套含气系统。通过浅地层剖面与地震剖面联合解释认为,BSR之下气烟囱／泥底辟的发育导致了亮点、速度下拉、增强反射层等声学特征的发生,BSR之上水合物层的存在则可能起到封堵天然气而使其发生侧向运移的作用,在气体封堵相对薄弱的位置,天然气向上运移形成声空白、声混浊、增强反射层、速度下拉等特征。以声空白代表的天然气聚集带可能成为块状水合物的发育场所,可能成为较有潜力的勘探目标。 相似文献