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琼东南盆地第四纪块体搬运体系的地震特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
第四纪以来,琼东南盆地的陆坡区域广泛发育深水块体搬运体系。深水块体搬运体系是广泛发生在外陆架/上陆坡的一种沉积物搬运机制,包括滑动、滑塌和碎屑流等重力流作用过程。利用深水3D地震资料,提取振幅和相干数据,通过地震剖面、构造图和时间切片分析,揭示块体搬运体系具有丘状外形、波状反射结构、弱振幅和连续性差的地震特征,内部整体比较杂乱,主体发育褶皱,趾部发育逆冲断层,具有塑性流体特征。结合南海构造背景分析,认为研究区第四纪沉积速率高并位于地震多发带,构成了块体搬运体系的形成条件和触发机制。 相似文献
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琼东南盆地陆坡区深水浊积水道的地震相特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水道-天然堤体系作为油气储集圈闭日益引起沉积学家和勘探家的重视。地震相特征是识别深水水道的有效途径,本文基于高分辨率2D、3D地震资料的地震相分析,在琼东南盆地陆坡区深水盆地中识别出早中新世、上新世和第四纪多期深水水道体系。早中新世深水水道在地震剖面上具有强、弱振幅交替反射和相互叠置的地震反射特征,局部具有杂乱反射特点;上新世水道整体表现为强振幅,横向上连续或者半连续,纵向上为强振幅的叠加;第四纪水道在地震剖面上具有典型下切反射特点,该水道整体振幅相对较弱,但其水道轴部充填具有典型的强反射特征,这与世界典型地区的水道轴部粗粒充填强振反射一致。这几期深水水道都发育于低水位时期,为上部物源搬运引起的浊流事件而形成。 相似文献
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识别杂乱地震相相对称为成岩地震相是了解南海珠江口盆地中新统珠江组碳酸盐岩演化的关键。该盆地的地震资料显示,在碳酸盐岩层段中连续的杂乱地震相从简单的下凹型到高度不规则强振幅杂乱反射,成岩地震相具有一定的意义,因为它们反映了原始沉积面貌的杂化。杂乱地震相和其它特征诸如削蚀带,丘状碳酸岩盐岩层面等都证实珠江组碳酸盐岩具有喀斯特特征。 相似文献
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西沙海域碳酸盐台地周缘水道沉积体系 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
高分辨率地震资料显示,南海北部西沙海域碳酸盐台地周缘广泛发育水道沉积体系。礁缘水道底界面表现出强反射特征,内部充填弱-强、连续性好的地震相,可见底部杂乱反射特征;斜坡水道在地震剖面上表现为横向上连续发育的"V"型特征,且下切深度较浅。西沙隆起与广乐隆起之间的南北向低洼地带发育大型深水水道,并且受古地貌高点影响,水道分为南北两个分支。北分支水道可分为5期,且水道迁移现象明显;南分支水道可分为4期,水道以充填强振幅、连续性好的浊流沉积体和弱振幅、杂乱的块体搬运体系(Mass Transport Deposits,MTDs)为特征,每期水道均表现出侵蚀-充填-废弃的旋回性。分析认为西沙碳酸盐台地周缘水道沉积物源来自西沙隆起和广乐隆起的碳酸盐台地和生物礁碎屑及由火成作用产生的火成岩碎屑。西沙-广乐碳酸盐台地水道相互贯通,构成台地-斜坡-深水的水道沉积体系,为碳酸盐岩、生物礁及火山碎屑向台地周缘输送提供了良好的通道。 相似文献
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第四纪全新世,研究区主要发育充填水道和深海平原。由于地震反射波同向轴连续整一,无上超、削截等现象,利用地震反射终止类型进行层序界面划分难度较大。文中基于沉积时间顺序确定目标层位,研究了层间地震相和沉积相在时间和空间的分布特征以及沉积相演化。研究区识别出6种地震沉积相类型,即丘状反射—盐(泥)丘体、充填状反射—"U"(V)型水道、透镜状反射—水道充填相、楔形反射—三角洲沉积、平(亚平)行席状反射—深海平原和杂乱反射地震相。Q_(104)—Q_(10)时期沉积相呈复杂的水道—三角洲体系到较简单的水道沉积体系发展趋势。 相似文献
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西沙海区碳酸盐台地地震反射特征及沉积模式 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
随着南海海盆的持续扩张,西沙海区整体沉降,从早中新世起西沙碳酸盐台地开始发育,而且在台地之上生长了不同类型的生物礁。通过地震识别认为,西沙海区生物礁在地震剖面上表现为顶底强振幅的丘形连续反射、内部弱振幅杂乱反射;碳酸盐台地表现为顶部强振幅连续平行反射、底部界面局部模糊、内部强弱相间亚平行连续反射。通过对西沙海区地层层序的分析以及大量地震资料的解释认为,在西沙碳酸盐台地的发育早期它受基底构造的控制,而在后期主要受多期海平面变化的影响,其发育演化经历了初始生长—加积—出露—二次生长—淹没等一系列阶段,复杂的演化过程也使西沙碳酸盐岩具有较好的储集条件和油气远景。 相似文献
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南海北部白云大型海底滑坡的几何形态与变形特征 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
利用二维、三维地震资料,结合多波束水深测量,在南海北部白云凹陷发现大型海底滑坡。白云大型海底滑坡可分为滑坡根部、滑坡主体和滑坡前缘3个主要部分,广泛发育滑坡陡壁、滑塌沟谷、滑移面、滑坡台阶等典型滑坡地貌。地震相特征表现为楔状弱振幅杂乱地震相,块状平行或渡状弱振幅中连续地震相,席状亚平行／波状弱振幅连续地震相,谷状水平充填中振幅、中连续地震相和丘状／透镜体状前积地震相等5种典型地震相特征。初步估算白云海底滑坡范围约为13000km2,滑坡分布受地形和海底沉积物岩性控制,晚期活动在中更新世。白云大型海底滑坡位于深水油气和天然气水合物的富集区,对油气和天然气水合物成藏作用和勘探开发具有重要的影响。 相似文献
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西沙海槽区作为气水合物的可能聚集地越来越受到关注。浅析地震相分析方法,通过地震相标志的识别,归纳出自中中新世以来,西沙海槽发育有8种地震相：S形前积地震相、斜交前积地震相、下超型前积地震相、丘状地震相、杂乱地震相、空白地震相、透镜状地震相和席状地震相。较细致地描述了各种地震相的反射特征,并结合研究区的沉积背景,对不同地震相的沉积学特征做出了合理解释。 相似文献
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近年来深水勘探已成为寻找油气的重要领域,白云凹陷在早中新世经历了复杂的构造沉积环境,解剖深水层序模式有利于揭示深水沉积演化规律。通过井震结合及属性分析对白云凹陷早中新世层序地层进行研究,识别出3个层序界面:ZJSB1(23.8 Ma),ZJSB2(22Ma),ZJSB3(21Ma)。其中ZJSB1、ZJSB3为重大不整合面,ZJSB2为水道下切侵蚀面。与之对应的界面发育3套层序:ZJSQ1,ZJSQ2,ZJSQ3。由于白云凹陷构造运动及古地貌的差异性,总结了2套深水层序模式:水道—深海披覆泥层序模式与块状搬运复合体—砂质碎屑流深海扇—水道—深海泥层序模式,在不同的演化阶段,前者主要受海平面的变化控制,而后者是受构造和海平面双重影响的。而同一地质时期古地貌又控制了沉积发育,高地势区发育下切水道,而低洼区发育深海披覆泥岩。因此,深水层序模式下研究深海沉积单元,对指导深水沉积和油气勘探具有极其重要的意义。 相似文献
13.
RAN Weimin LUAN Xiwu LU Yintao LIU Hong YANG Jiajia ZHAO Yang HE Wenchang YAN Zhonghui 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(1):47-61
Analysis of 2 D seismic data over 4 500 km in length from the Madura Strait Basin in the East Java Sea reveals seismic re?ection characteristics of reefs and associated sedimentary bodies, including asymmetrical or symmetrical dome re?ections, slope progradational re?ections, chaotic re?ections and discontinuous strong re?ections inside the reef, which onlap the ?ank of the reef. It is concluded that the developmental paleo-environment of most reefs is mainly conducive to shallow marine carbonate platform facies and platform margin facies, based on well core data, variations in seismic facies and strata thickness.The formation and evolution of all reefs are primarily in?uenced by the tectonic framework of the Madura Strait Basin. Platform margin reefs are principally controlled by two types of structures: one is a series of E-W trending Paleogene normal faults, and the other is an E-W trending Neogene inversion structures. In addition, wave actions, tidal currents and other ocean currents play an accelerated role in sorting, rounding and redeposition for the accumulation and evolution of reefs. Tertiary reefs in the MSB can be divided into four types: 1) an open platform coral reef of Late Oligocene to Early Miocene, 2) a platform margin coral reef controlled by normal faults in Late Oligocene to Early Miocene, 3) a platform margin Globigerina moundreef controlled by a "hidden" inversion structure in Early Pliocene, and 4) a platform margin Globigerina mound-reef controlled by thrust faults in the early Pliocene. Patterns of the formation and evolution of reefs are also suggested. 相似文献
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Paul Weimer 《Geo-Marine Letters》1989,9(4):185-272
The Mississippi Fan is a large, mud-dominated submarine fan over 4 km thick, deposited in the deep Gulf of Mexico during the
late Pliocene and Pleistocene. Analysis of 19,000 km of multifold seismic data defined 17 seismic sequences, each characterized
by channel, levee, and associated overbank deposits, as well as mass transport deposits. At the base of nine sequences are
a series of seismic facies consisting of mounded, hummocky, chaotic, and subparallel reflections, which constitute 10–20%
of the sediments in each the sequences. These facies are externally mounded and occur in two general regions of the fan: (1)
in the upper and middle fan they are elongate in shape and mimic the channel's distribution; (2) in the middle fan to lower
fan they are characterized by a fan-shaped distribution, increasing in width downfan. These facies are interpreted to have
formed as disorganized slides, debris flows, and turbidites (informally called “mass transport complexes”).
Overlying this basal interval, characteristic of all sequences, are well-developed channel-levee systems that constitute 80–90%
of the fan's sediments. Channels consist of high amplitude, subparallel reflections, whereas the flanking levee sediments
appear as subparallel reflections that have high amplitudes at the base changing upward to low amplitude. The vertical change
in amplitude may reflect a decrease in grain size and bed thicknesses. Overbank sediments are characterized by interbedded
subparallel to hummocky and mounded reflections, suggesting both turbidites from the channel, as well as slides and debris
flows derived both locally and from the slope updip. 相似文献
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Numerous elongated mounds and channels were found at the top of the middle Miocene strata using 2D/3D seismic data in the Liwan Sag of Zhujiang River Mouth Basin(ZRMB) and the Beijiao Sag of Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB). They occur at intervals and are rarely revealed by drilling wells in the deepwater areas. Origins of the mounds and channels are controversial and poorly understood. Based on an integrated analysis of the seismic attribute, palaeotectonics and palaeogeography, and drilling well encountering a mound, research results show that these mounds are dominantly distributed on the depression centres and/or slopes of the Liwan and Beijiao sags and developed in a bathyal sedimentary environment. In the Liwan and Beijiao sags, the mounds between channels(sub) parallel to one another are 1.0–1.5 km and 1.5–2.0 km wide, 150–300 m and 150–200 m high, and extend straightly from west to east for 5–15 km and 8–20 km, respectively. Mounds and channels in the Liwan Sag are parallel with the regional slope. Mounds and channels in the Beijiao Sag, however, are at a small angle to the regional slope. According to internal geometry, texture and external morphology of mounds, the mounds in Beijiao Sag are divided into weak amplitude parallel reflections(mound type I), blank or chaotic reflections(mound type II), and internal mounded reflections(mound type Ⅲ). The mounds in Liwan Sag, however, have the sole type, i.e., mound type I. Mound type I originates from the incision of bottom currents and/or gravity flows. Mound type II results from gravity-driven sediments such as turbidite. Mound type Ⅲ is a result of deposition and incision of bottom currents simultaneously. The channels with high amplitude between mounds in the Beijiao and Liwan sags are a result of gravity-flow sediments and it is suggested they are filled by sandstone.Whereas channels with low-mediate amplitudes are filled by bottom-current sediments only in the Beijiao Sag,where they are dominantly composed of mudstone. This study provides new insights into the origins of the mounds and channels worldwide. 相似文献
16.
Deniz Cukur Senay Horozal Dae C. Kim Gwang H. Lee Hyun C. Han Moo H. Kang 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2010,31(4):299-313
This paper presents results of two-dimensional seismic mapping of the northern East China Sea Shelf Basin. Various igneous
features such as sills, volcanic edifices and stocks were identified by the geophysical exploration. The sills are most common,
and are observed at more than 90 locations. Most mapped sills in the study area are characterized by high-amplitude continuous
reflections with distinct terminations. Saucer- and cup-shaped sills are observed locally. The stocks are discordant (nearly
vertical) igneous bodies and they are characterized by seismic transparency, with upturned host rocks and uplifted overburden.
The volcanic edifices and/or necks consist of irregular mounds and peaks and are characterized by strong positive top reflections
with chaotic internal facies. The oldest igneous activity in the northern East China Sea Shelf Basin is Early Cretaceous (123.3 ± 3.7).
This igneous activity coincides with those observed in eastern China which has been related mainly to the subduction of the
Pacific Plate beneath Eurasia Plate. The Miocene igneous activity is well constrained based on seismic stratigraphic relationships
within the folded stratigraphy, age dating, and the occurrence of igneous sills. The timing of this intrusion is coincident
with the intensive igneous activity as previously suggested for the eastern China. Igneous rocks can produce hydrocarbon traps,
reservoirs and they can act as a seal, and therefore are of great importance in petroleum study. 相似文献
17.
南海北部深水区东西构造差异性及其动力学机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南海北部深水区位于南海洋陆转换带,构造运动活跃,构造特征复杂。同时,南海北部深水区石油、天然气、天然气水合物等矿产资源丰富。因此,加强南海北部深水盆地构造特征分析,揭示南海北部陆缘构造属性与南海形成演化机制,对于南海深部过程演变研究、油气资源评价与地质灾害防治等具有重要的意义。本论文通过对南海北部深水区陆架-陆坡结构、盆地构造特征与演化规律的分析,指出研究区东西存在明显的构造差异性,并分析了其动力学机制。南海北部深水区东部陆架-陆坡结构为宽洼窄隆型,而西部为窄洼宽隆型。东部珠江口盆地深水凹陷均为半地堑结构,剖面上呈不对称的箕状;西部琼东南盆地除北礁凹陷为南段北超的小型半地堑外,其它凹陷均为地堑结构,为南北双断式沉积体系。在构造演化方面,东部中中新世末结束裂后期进入新构造活动期,白云凹陷构造活动性增强,表现为快速的沉降和显著的晚期断裂作用;而西部晚中新世末才进入新构造活动期,深水区表现为快速沉积作用,断裂活动较弱。 相似文献
18.
珠江口盆地白云凹陷陆坡区10.5 Ma以来的沉积体系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对珠江口盆地白云凹陷陆坡区10.5Ma以来的地震相分析,共识别出席状平行亚平行地震相、透镜状前积地震相、深切河谷地震相、帚状地震相和杂乱地震相,不同的地震相分别代表不同的沉积体系类型。综合所识别的地震相类型,分析了陆架边缘下切谷、浊积扇和陆架边缘三角洲3种主要的沉积体系及其配置关系。物源供给是影响陆坡区沉积体系发育的最重要因素,是沉积体系发育的物质基础,海平面变化和构造运动为沉积体系发育提供了可容纳空间,3种影响因素共同影响了陆坡区沉积体系的发育。 相似文献