共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
2.
国外实施大陆科学钻探采用的钻探技术有地质岩心钻探技术，石油钻探技术，组合式钻探技术，以及前苏联和俄罗斯的具有鲜明特色的科学深钻技术，分别介绍了它们各自的技术特点及优缺点，并介绍了科学深孔和超深孔的2种施工战略，即超前孔裸眼钻进方法和双孔方案。 相似文献
3.
科学超深井钻探技术国内外现状 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
文章阐述了实施科学钻探的必要性,简要回顾了科学钻探技术发展历程。以前苏联科拉科学超深井钻探技术,联邦德国大陆深钻计划(KTB),中国大陆科学钻探工程(CCSD),美国卡洪山口项目钻探技术,美国夏威夷项目钻探技术,湖泊科学钻探技术等为例,介绍了世界各国在实施科学钻探工程过程中形成的特色技术以及取得的技术成就。论述了实施科学钻探工程前,进行人才队伍培养和关键技术准备的必要性。 相似文献
4.
分析了国际钻探市场现状以及固体矿产钻探技术的进展,归纳总结了近１０年来我国固体矿产钻探技术的主要进展,并对发展我国固体太科钻探技术提出了建议。 相似文献
5.
本文针对地热钻探的深度和难度，提出了选择合理的钻探设备，优化钻探技术与成井工艺的技术配套方法，分析了地热钻探技术配套工作性和迫切性，与亟待解决的技术问题。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
21世纪初,我国地质钻探技术处于立轴钻机普遍使用、国产绳索取心钻杆只能满足1000 m以内孔深钻进要求、钻探器具相对落后、硬岩地层钻进效率低、复杂地层取心效果差的落后局面。近10多年来,在多个国家重大科学工程项目、国家科技支撑计划、“863”计划、地质大调查专项等科技项目支持下,通过产学研联合攻关,形成了硬岩深井科学钻探技术体系和2000 m以内地质岩心钻探技术体系,浅层取心（取样）钻探技术、新能源勘探开发钻探技术、地质灾害调查和防治钻探技术、定向钻探技术、基础工程施工钻掘技术等都取得了飞速的发展和进步。本文对21世纪我国地质钻探技术与装备、关键器具新进展进行了阐述,并对经济新常态下的发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
9.
介绍了我国“十二五”期间主要的科学钻探项目实施情况,主要有“深部探测技术与实验研究专项”中的科学钻探、汶川地震科学钻探、松辽盆地科学钻探工程项目“松科二井”项目、铀矿科学深钻、东南沿海第一口干热岩科学钻探、大陆架科学钻探、长白山天池火山科学钻探、胶莱盆地白垩纪科学钻探、海洋科学钻探、冰心钻探等,以及在这些项目实施过程中开展钻探技术研发获得的成果,并对我国科学钻探的发展进行了展望。 相似文献
10.
中国幅吊辽阔，矿产富饶。中国钻探历史悠久。４０余年来中国地质钻探在矿产、能源与水资源勘查以及工程勘察与建设中作出了卓越贡献。中国现代地质钻探技术正步入世界先进行列，其应用领域日益宽广。 相似文献
11.
V.I.STAROSTIN O.G.SOROKHTIN 《地学前缘》2004,11(1):225-235
现有的矿产资源分布资料可以说明地球历史中亲铁和亲铜元素成矿的一般规律。铁矿床在元古宙地核分离之后最为发育。除个别显著成矿高峰外 ,金的储量分布与铁类似。亲铁元素矿物的成矿潜力在古元古代也最大 ,以后逐渐降低 ,只是在显生宙 ,因地壳的再循环和古老矿床中矿石物质的活化而再次增大。元素的行为则完全不同 ,在前寒武纪时期它们的活动性为中等。亲铜矿物矿床的总量 ,在显生宙因再循环而达到最高 ,亲铜矿物矿床成矿能力较之亲铁矿物强得多 ,因为硫化物比铁金属氧化物更为活泼。地球演化的旋回性表现为超大陆形成的周期性 ,它与矿产的分布颇为一致。铁矿、亲铁元素和金成矿作用的突然激增 ,显然是在超大陆形成之后 ,并且与其早期裂解的脉动相对应。亲铜元素堆积的高峰期往往与超大陆的形成期相对应。尽管亲铜元素成矿的第三次脉动与中生代古陆 (Mesogea)的形成并不一致 ,但却与劳亚古陆及冈瓦纳古陆的裂解相一致。此种成矿堆积现象可以借助地幔内非稳态化学密度对流所诱发的地壳发展周期性来解释。根据超大陆形成的周期性推断地幔对流巨旋回的主期应为 80 0Ma ,此种周期性亦反映了具原始地幔印记的亲铁、金和亲铜元素的聚集作用过程。因此 ,地球圈层中地幔对流作用的周期性亦显著地控制了包括地幔 相似文献
12.
本文研究了位于鄂皖边境的郯-庐断裂带南段尾端地区的构造变形特征,通过野外实际工作,结合地球物理、遥感资料的分析与应用,对这条巨大平移断裂尾端的变形情况进行了初步的探讨,提出四种位移调整模式,并通过实验研究来认识平移断裂尾端的应力分布状态,以及应力与应变的相互关系。文中还就郯-庐断裂带的南延问题提出了讨论。 相似文献
13.
中国扬子海盆奥陶纪末期生物集群绝灭事件 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
<正> 近年来,奥陶纪末期生物集群绝灭事件的研究,越来越为人们所关注。Raup和Sepkoski(1982)认为,在晚奥陶世大约有22％科的生物绝灭,是显生宙生物集群绝灭5个最大幕之一。这次事件造成了所有海洋无脊椎动物的分异度和丰度的降低。Brenchley(1990)把晚奥陶世绝灭的若干类群的重要变化作了如下概述:阿什极尔中期的38科三叶虫,仅有14科存活到志留纪;在或接近奥陶-志留系界线,有13科腕足类绝灭,27科穿 相似文献
14.
Study of the Emplacement Mechanism of the Fenghuangshan Granite Pluton and Related Cu-Au Mineralization in Tongling, Anhui Province 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
WU Ganguo ZHANG D LI Dongxu ZHANG Xiangxin SHAO Yongjun ZANG Wenshuan WANG QunfengKey Laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics Exploration China University of Geosciences 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(2):492-502
The Fenghuangshan Pluton is located in the Tongling polymineral-cluster district in the middle-lower section of the Yangtze metallogenic belt. In tectonic terms, it is in the middle of the Guichi-Fanchang faulted fold bundle of the lower Yangtze Platform fold belt between the Dabie Orogenic Belt and the Jiangnan Massif. Analyses of the structural deformation characteristics of both the contact zone and the interior of the pluton are used to explain its emplacement mechanism. The foliation and lineation of the pluton, consisting of the oriented distribution of dark minerals and xenoliths, mainly concentrate along the margin of the pluton. Toward the center of the pluton, the foliation structure becomes weak, showing intense compression formation at the margin, and reflecting the conformable intrusion of the pluton. The relatively gentle lineation is evidence of a rotatory emplacement mechanism. Relatively steep marginal foliation reflects compression expanding. Affected by the thermal power of the pluton, 相似文献
15.
In March and April 1972, 380 gravity stations were established in the T.F.A.I. The data were reduced to Bouguer anomalies of 5 mGal isolines. Qualitative and quantitative interpretation based on the gravity map, on seismic data and on the magnetics and physiography of the area revealed that: The crust of the Gulf of Tadjura and the central part of the T.F.A.I. is strongly oceanized and is the direct continuation of the Sheba Ridge.To the north of the Gulf, at the Dankali Mountains, the crust increases in thickness and most probably contains sialic fragments, indicating the continuation of the Danakil Chains in the T.F.A.I.To the south, the structure is bordered by a continental block, the Aysha Horst. The oceanization is concentrated only in the area of deep injections, marked by gravity maxima, whereas the rest of the area is to be described as sub-continental. The crust is attenuated from south (Aysha Horst) to north (Red Sea), from 30 to 15 km in thickness.The pattern of the gravity anomalies shows clearly liniations only along the coasts of the Gulf of Tadjura and the Straits of Bab el Mandeb. Inland the field breaks up into relative minima and maxima, indicating the fragmentation of the crust and the ‘triple junction’ nature of the area.The tectonic process is that of extension, with normal faults having maximum displacements at the northern border of the Gulf of Tadjura.The uppermost mantle has low velocity and density values due to thermal processes in the expanding zone. The state of the upper-mantle material must be that of partial melting due to high temperatures of the order of 800° to 1,000° C at about 15 km depth. 相似文献
16.
水位涨落作用下藕塘滑坡响应特征模型试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
藕塘滑坡是三峡库区结构复杂的巨型古滑坡之一,由多个次级滑体和滑面组成,大坝蓄水运行以来,滑坡出现复活迹象,对周边数千人的生命财产安全构成威胁。为明确藕塘滑坡在库水位涨落作用下的响应特征、变形破坏模式和机制,以物理模型试验为手段,通过制配滑坡模型试验材料,精确控制试验中库水位涨落条件,实现了藕塘滑坡变形失稳过程试验模拟,并从试验角度探讨了藕塘滑坡响应特征和力学机制。得到以下结论:库水涨落速度越快组成滑坡的3个次级滑坡产生的变形越大,库水位下降造成的滑坡变形明显大于库水位上涨和稳定状态;库水位涨落影响主要集中于第一期次滑坡区域,当库水位快速下降时第一期次滑坡坡脚局部发生牵引式崩滑的风险大;第一期次滑坡变形造成其后的第二期和第三期次滑坡稳定性下降,随之发生变形;藕塘滑坡为动水压力型滑坡,滑坡在库水位涨落作用下发生整体沿基岩面滑移破坏的可能性不大,变形失稳模式表现为第一期次滑坡前缘的局部崩滑。试验揭示了该类滑坡在库水位涨落作用下的响应特征和变形破坏机制,可为类似滑坡的研究提供参考。 相似文献
17.
Yu.M. Scheinmann 《Tectonophysics》1973,19(1):21-37
The composition of residual matter after the segregation of the crust from the mantle is calculated. The most probable components of the mantle: garnet-peridotitic, pyrolitic and chondritic, were taken into consideration and the continental, oceanic and olivine-tholeiitic crust segregated from them. The probability of the existence of each of the proposed mantle types may be estimated as based on the obtained residual matter. It is established that the hypothesis of the pyrolitic mantle is the most acceptable.A comparison of the compositions of the continental and oceanic crust makes evident that there exist two types of differentiation processes in the upper mantle. One of them leads to the development of continents, the second of the oceanic areas. In the first case the partial melting in the mantle and the ascent of magma are accompanied by an additional evacuation of silica (?) and especially of potassium. This rise of supplementary light substance embraces the depths as great as 1000 km or more. In the case of oceanic crust such an additional rise of matter is absent since there only partial melting in the mantle takes place and accordingly the depth of the differentiation is much smaller.The differences in the process of the earth's differentiation may be easier explained if the mantle is assumed to be mobile, instead of an immobile mass. It is assumed that a differentiation of the primary matter of the planet takes place near the mantle-core boundary and that the uplift of the much lighter silicate differentiation is in the asthenosphere. On this level the mantle becomes partially melted and the resultant liquid rises into the crust. This liquid is enriched by sialic substances, particularly by potassium and may be by silica.In the regions where the rise of matter from great depth is lacking, continental crust is not formed, and oceanic crust is born.The above comparison leads in particular to the following additional conclusions: the chemical differences of the continental crust and the oceanic crust do not permit the hypotheses of continenta drift, nor of the spreading of the ocean floor and the transformation of the continental crust into oceanic. All these hypotheses become incompatible with the chemical composition of the crust. 相似文献
18.
The results of the analysis of long-term radar research of the hailstorms over the central part of the Northern Caucasus are presented. Radar observations which formed the basis of experimental material were carried out continuously from the moment of the first radar echo registration until complete dissipation of the hailstorm. The computerized system of collecting, processing and the analysis of the radar information was used. Time discretization of the radar parameters of the full spatial observation averaged 3 min. Statistical sampling of radar data included 392 hail cells, for each of which the time distributions of the radar parameters both measured and calculated using the computerized system were compiled. Distribution of the hailstorms first radar echo formation zones over the observation region was compiled. Areas with the maximum frequency of the hailstorms first radar echo formation were defined. The hailstorm trajectories were analyzed. Four main types of hail cell trajectories were selected, which included 86 % of the supercells and 64 % of the long-lived multicells. The dynamic parameters of the hail core formation and development were analyzed. The hail storm characteristics of the Northern Caucasus are compared to the hail storms of Mendoza, Argentina, and Alberta, Canada. The bases of the organization of regional hail suppression services which use the rocket technology of cloud seeding are presented. The results of the cloud seeding operations during recent years are shown. 相似文献
19.
用磁性地层学方法讨论西域组的时代 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过对塔里木盆地及其周缘地区西域组砾岩的野外调查和磁性地层学研究，及相关层位的安山玄武岩同位素年龄测定等综合分析研究表明：西域组上段记录了松山负极性带下段， ２．５－１．６Ｍａ，上界大约位于奥尔都维正极性事件层位，年龄为１．６７－１．７６Ｍａ。上覆高阶地砾岩层及其下火山岩层年龄为１．４－１．６Ｍａ，西域组下段记录了高斯正极性 相似文献
20.
超覆型库岸老滑坡滑床前缘大多发育一砂卵石层,该砂卵石层的强渗透性将影响滑坡渗流场,从而影响滑坡的稳定性.以三峡库区万州中学老滑坡为例,在确定该滑坡中地下水作用模式为承压水含水层作用模式的基础上,假定砂卵石层的4种不同渗透系数,来研究在库水位波动条件下,滑床砂卵石层渗透性对滑坡稳定性的影响.分析表明,超覆型老滑坡砂卵石层的渗透系数不同,滑坡中浸润线也不同,渗透系数越小,浸润线越低,滑坡中地下水相对库水位的滞后效应越明显;库水位上升阶段、高水位运行阶段和下降初期,万州中学老滑坡各级滑坡的稳定性系数随砂卵石层渗透系数k2的增大而减小;库水位稳定在150 m时,老滑坡整体稳定性随k2的增大而增大,k2的变化对次级滑体和三级滑体的稳定性影响不明显.这对于库区老滑坡的复活和监测预警工程有较强的应用价值. 相似文献