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垃圾填埋是目前处理城市生活垃圾普遍使用的方式,由此产生的垃圾渗滤液成为主要的地下水污染源.本文以上海市某生活垃圾填埋场作为研究对象,研究垃圾填埋对地下水的影响.通过监测该场地垃圾填埋前后2年内场区及周边地下水水质的变化情况,以垃圾填埋前调查区的地下水样品分析结果为本底值,采用本底法对地下水水质进行评价来判定地下水是否受到垃圾渗滤液的影响.评价结果显示,对于本研究的水质动态监测阶段,调查区内的浅层地下水水质暂未受到垃圾渗滤液的影响,个别监测井水质发生较大变化是由于填埋场施工建设过程中,破坏了监测井井盖及挖穿了井边含水层顶层.随着整个垃圾填埋场运行时间的延长,防渗漏措施的有效性以及垃圾渗滤液对周边地下水的影响还需要进一步研究. 相似文献
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城市垃圾填埋场甲烷资源量与利用前景 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
垃圾填埋气的主要成分为CH4、CO2等气体,可严重污染大气、地下水和生态环境,并对全球气候变暖产生一定的影响;同时填埋气也是一种清洁可再生能源和资源,回收和利用垃圾填埋气可实现环境、安全、能源、资源、经济多重效益。目前,垃圾填埋气的利用主要为甲烷利用。本文介绍了填埋气中甲烷资源量的计算方法,采用一阶动力模型对国内城市垃圾填埋气中的甲烷排放量进行了计算和预测,获得了城市生活垃圾填埋气中甲烷的资源量的范围,并分析了国内垃圾填埋气排放的特点和趋势以及国内外对填埋气利用的途径、方法及效果。结合清洁发展机制（CDM）项目和国情分析了垃圾填埋气的利用前景,并提出了填埋气回收利用的主要问题和建议,为国内城市生活垃圾填埋气的利用提供了有益参考。 相似文献
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本文阐述了长春市双阳区垃圾填埋场原填埋区(一区)、新填埋区(二区)的污染现状;自然地理状况;地层岩性、水文地质条件。通过实施补充勘察手段,查明了工作区地质、水文地质条件,污染物分布及地下水质量现状。采用建立地下水数值模型,分析预测生活垃圾填埋非正常状况下近20年来对地下水的污染情况、污染质运移最大的方法,及其对地下水环境的影响。 相似文献
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垃圾填埋处理场渗滤液污染地下水的防治途径探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过分析天水市麦积区老虎沟垃圾填埋处理场地质环境,结合挥发酚（C6H5OH）弥散试验资料,对垃圾处理场渗滤液中C6H5OH的运移特征、污染地下水机理进行了探讨,为垃圾填埋处理场有效防渗提供了设计依据。 相似文献
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浅论城市垃圾卫生填埋的地下水环境影响评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黄明敏 《水文地质工程地质》1988,(4)
垃圾通过自身分解和接受大气降水的淋滤,将产生渗出液。在一定的条件下,污染物质将随同渗出液的下渗,以间接和直接的方式污染地下水。因此,垃圾的简单填埋是地下水的点污染源。由于地下水流动缓慢,且污染物在包气带和含水层中产生各种作用,故污染过程比较缓慢。又由于地下水固有的复杂性,污染物在地下水中的浓度变化极为微小,故在垃圾简单填埋的早期,地下水的污染可能一时难以发现,但 相似文献
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利用铝型材厂碱蚀渣为主要原料,采用二步煅烧工艺制备铝方柱石材料。探索二次煅烧温度对铝型材厂碱蚀渣制备铝方柱石材料相组成、结晶度、微观结构的影响,进而研究氧化铬对铝方柱石材料相组成、微观结构的影响。采用同步热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜及相关分析软件表征制备的铝方柱石材料的相组成和显微结构。结果表明：铝型材厂碱蚀渣中有大量可烧失成分,物料需要进行致密化处理,再经过1500℃煅烧后的铝方柱石材料结构中具有明显的铝方柱石条柱状结构,结晶度增大,铝方柱石相对含量达到91%。随着氧化铬加入量增加,结构中的铝铬酸钙相增加。当氧化铬加入量为2%时,试样中结晶相的结晶度最高,形成条柱状铝方柱石相与立方状铝铬酸钙相共存的结构。当氧化铬加入量4%时,试样中铝方柱石相几乎消失,结晶度降低。 相似文献
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W. Shi H. Li G. Liao G. Pei Y. Lin 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(11):2337-2348
Arsenic in groundwater is a serious environmental problem. The contamination of groundwater with arsenic has been of utmost concern worldwide. Steel slag is a solid waste generated from steel production. Although steel slags have been used for arsenic removal from water, this process has not been systematically or integratively researched. In this study, the arsenic removal capacity and mechanism were investigated for carbon steel slag, stainless steel slag and Fe-modified stainless steel slag based on an in-depth study. The study also evaluated the potential utilization of different steel slag for regeneration. The maximum adsorption of arsenic on carbon steel slag, stainless steel slag and Fe-modified stainless steel slag was 12.20, 3.17 and 12.82 mg g?1 at 25 °C, respectively. The modification of stainless steel slag by FeC13 can generate more pore structures and larger surface areas, and 300 °C treatment produces the best regeneration efficiency. The ΔG values were negative for all of the steel slags, indicating the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. The solution pH was a critical parameter for the removal of arsenic for steel slags. Under highly alkaline solution conditions, the mechanism of arsenic removal by carbon steel slag and stainless steel slag can be attributed to chemisorption, including chemical precipitation and coordination reactions, and under weakly alkaline solution conditions, electrostatic interaction and specific adsorption are the arsenic removal mechanisms by Fe-modified stainless steel slag. Regeneration of the Fe-modified stainless steel slag was better achieved than that of the other steel slags in the application of high-temperature treatment. 相似文献
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山东省矿山主要地质灾害及其防治对策 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
本文论述了山东省主要矿山地质灾害和矿区生态环境地质问题的现状及其危害，包括地面塌陷、水环境污染、矿坑突水、矿渣尾矿危害、矿山排水对地下水资源的破坏等。预测了发展趋势，提出了技术对策建议：①改进采矿方式，②塌陷土地复垦，③煤矸石综合利用，④闭坑矿山污染防治，⑤矿山地下水防治。 相似文献
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文章介绍了一种多参数水质监测系统。该系统可以同时监测水位、水温、pH值、溶解氧、氧化还原电位、电导率、氨氮、氯离子等8个参数,包括三部分:监测系统主机(地下水水质监测系统)、地面仪器(GSM通讯系统)和室内终端接收系统,监测到的数据可以通过GSM公共服务网无线传输。其中重点介绍了以MSC1210Y5为核心的主机系统以及在开发调试中需注意的问题。MSC1210系列芯片是美国德州仪器公司新近推出的一种功能很强的带24位A/D转换器的微处理器芯片,其一些增强特性适合在测量精度要求高、输出信号微弱的场合使用。以该芯片为核心的多参数水质监测系统具有结构紧凑、功耗低等特点,适合野外长期观测的需要。 相似文献
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典型铬渣污染场地铬污染特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取西南岩溶区某傍河铬渣堆场为研究对象,对场地不同位置与深度的土壤及地下水样品进行采集,通过数理统计对Cr在场地中的空间分布特征以及场地对地下水的影响进行了分析。结果表明:土壤中总Cr浓度的水平分布具有差异性,表层土壤Cr浓度由上游到下游呈明显降低趋势,变化率为3.59;深层饱水带土壤中总Cr浓度分布受到地下水流场的影响,场地下游土壤铬浓度明显高于上游;杂填土垂向剖面的铬浓度分布不同于坡残积红黏土,杂填土中铬浓度随着深度的增加而增加,浓度与土壤深度的关系可用y=63.88ln（x）-75.221来表示;而在红黏土中剖面中,铬大量聚集在土壤表层,后随着深度的增加铬浓度逐渐降低,接近基岩面有升高趋势;场地地下水中Cr（Ⅵ）的浓度受深层土壤中总Cr浓度的影响,两者呈正相关。 相似文献
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A primary lead smelter operating in Santo Amaro, Bahia, Brazil, from 1960 to 1993 generated a large amount of slag that was landfilled close to the former smelter and used in roads and houses as a construction material. To evaluate the stability of the slag classical leaching procedures (TCLP, SWEP and SPLP) were applied. In addition, samples of the slag were placed in contact with HCl, HNO3, HOAc and NaOH solutions for about 24 h at room temperature to simulate acidic and alkaline environments over a wide pH range. In the acidic environment Ca, Fe and Si are strongly solubilized, and Pb and Zn solubilization was significant only below pH 3. The lead slag was also in contact with purified water for a period of 30 days. The results show that Ca and Si were solubilized and Pb, Fe, and Zn were not detected in the solution. The solubilization kinetics are second order processes for both Ca and Si. The initial solubilization rate for Ca and Si are 4.6 and 0.6 mg/L/day, respectively. The main implication of these results is that the major potentially toxic elements of the lead slag landfilled at Santo Amaro were stabilized for a short contact time with pure water and for alkaline and acidic solutions to a pH of about 3 and the groundwater and the surface water contamination found at Santo Amaro smelter region cannot be directly attributed to the landfilled lead slag. 相似文献
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Alexandra N. Golab Mark A. Peterson Buddhima Indraratna 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2009,59(1):241-254
The Shoalhaven region of NSW experiences environmental acidification due to acid sulphate soils (ASS). In order to trial an
environmental engineering solution to groundwater remediation involving a permeable reactive barrier (PRB), comprehensive
site characterisation and laboratory-based batch and column tests of reactive materials were conducted. The PRB is designed
to perform in situ remediation of the acidic groundwater (pH 3) that is generated in ASS. Twenty-five alkaline reactive materials
have been tested for suitability for the barrier, with an emphasis on waste materials, including waste concrete, limestone,
calcite-bearing zeolitic breccia, blast furnace slag and oyster shells. Following three phases of batch tests, two waste materials
(waste concrete and oyster shells) were chosen for column tests that simulate flow conditions through the barrier and using
acidic water from the field site (pH 3). Both waste materials successfully treated with the acidic water, for example, after
300 pore volumes, the oyster shells still neutralised the water (pH 7). 相似文献
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Naturally occurring stable and radioactive isotopes were used as environmental tracers to investigate contaminant metal mobilization processes in a metal smelter dump mainly consisting of slag. Water emerging from the dump at a spring is heavily contaminated by metals. The smelter dump contains minor amounts of flue dust, a material which shows a high potential for metal mobilization. Nearby dumps mainly consist of low-grade ore. Concentration patterns of 238U, 226Ra and 210Pb determined in sediment deposited close to the contaminated spring reveal the flue dust to be the major local metal source rather than the slag or the low-grade ore. Contamination pathways inside the dump were investigated using hydrological, chemical and isotopic data. Strong negative correlation between water discharge and metal concentration in the spring water suggests, besides short-term dilution of the metal concentration by direct rainwater runoff, distinct long-term dilution of the spring water by groundwater being discharged at a significantly increased rate as a result of heavy rains. δ18O and δD signatures of rain, local groundwater and spring water confirm the importance of groundwater derived from the local aquifer. Another hydrological component with importance for metal mobilization was found to be water that is recharged in the dump itself. Tritium analysis allowed an assessment of the probable residence time of that water component in the smelter dump. Since that water component seems to represent a major local contamination pathway the findings of the study are of substantial importance for site remediation planning. As a primary result it could be stated that covering the dump would not result in any noteworthy short-term improvement of the spring water quality. First significant effects would only be visible after 2–3 decades at the earliest. 相似文献
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Copper slag is a by-product obtained from production of copper metal. As copper slag contains silica and alumina, it may exhibit pozzolanic property, and hence it may be re-use in ground improvement applications as a partial replacement of cement. Present study evaluates systematically the possible pozzolanic property of copper slag as well as studies the effect of copper slag on engineering properties of cement-treated clay. X-rays diffraction method was employed to assess the possible pozzolanic property of copper slag. Effect of copper slag on engineering properties (i.e. compressive strength and compressibility) of cement-treated clay was studied with samples prepared with constant water content and workability. The test results showed that with sufficient curing time and at constant workability, the compressive strength of cement-treated clay was found to be increased with increasing amount of copper slag at high cement content but the compressive strength remained the same with increasing amount of copper slag at low cement content. Compressibility of cement-treated clay was found to be unchanged with increasing amount of copper slag. It was concluded that copper slag can be used as partial replacement of cement in treating soft marine clay. 相似文献
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铜转炉渣中钴的载体矿物在酸解中的行为 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用光学显微镜、X射线衍射谱、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱和X射线波谱并辅以化学物相分析进行了铜转炉渣及其加工产物的工艺矿物学研究。查明了铜转炉渣主要由铁橄榄石和铁酸盐（磁铁矿）以及少量玻璃相组成，铜呈冰铜相主要嵌布于铁酸盐之间，钴则主要以类质同象形式取代铁橄榄石和磁铁矿晶格中部分Fe^2 ，作为氧化物富集其中。在酸解中铁橄榄石和铁酸盐均发生分解，使冰铜相得以解离，铁和钴则转化为可溶性硫酸盐，随后被浸出。铁酸盐分解不完全是影响钴浸出率的主要原因。 相似文献