共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
孙建国 《地球科学与环境学报》2011,33(2):207-212,216
为了使Kirchhoff型反偏移的输出结果与数值模拟结果相等,提出了一种旨在消除Kirchhoff型反偏移中所出现的振幅畸变现象的高保真反偏移方法。与常规的Kirchhoff型反偏移不同,高保真反偏移是一种与反射面有关的反射地震成像方法。因此,在高保真反偏移中首先要确定反射面的位置,其次要确定振幅畸变因子的数值,最后要根据在反射点上振幅畸变因子恒等于1这一事实进行振幅畸变校正。在具体实施过程中,为了求出反射点的空间位置和振幅畸变因子的具体数值,采用四重加权叠加法,即在一次反偏移运算中同时采用一个单位加权函数和三个非单位加权函数。其中,非单位加权函数由常规的真振幅加权函数和用于建立Kircohhoff型反偏移算子的全局坐标系中的水平坐标组成。通过在四个反偏移场之间进行比值运算,可以达到提取反射点坐标和振幅畸变因子的目的。一旦得到反射点坐标和振幅畸变因子的具体数值,就可以通过简单的除法消除掉振幅畸变因子对反偏移像场振幅的影响。 相似文献
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Magnetotelluric(MT)inversion and seismic inversion are important methods for the interpretation of subsurface exploration data,but separate inversion of MT and seismic produces ambiguous and non-unique results due to various factors.In order to achieve accurate results,the authors propose a joint inversion method of two-dimensional MT and seismic data in the frequency domain.The finite element method is used for numerical simulation of electromagnetic data in the forward modelling,and the Gauss-Newton method is used for the inversion.The 9-point-finite-difference method is used to solve the seismic wave field in the acoustic wave equation,and the inverse problem of seismic data is solved by full waveform inversion with a conjugate gradient,a simple and fast method.Cross gradient functions are used to provide constraint structure between resistivity and velocity parameters to carry out the joint inversion.The joint inversion algorithm is tested by double-rectangular model synthesis data,and the accuracy of the algorithm is verified.The results show that the joint inversion results are better than those from separate inversion.The algorithm is applied to a geophysical model of a metalliferous deposit in Jinchuan and is compared with the separate inversion results.It shows that the results obtained with joint inversion are much closer to the real model. 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2019,(6)
This paper introduces an internal multiple prediction method based on imaging profile prediction and Kirchhoff demigration. First, based on an inputted prestack time migration profile, the method predicts the prestack time migration profile that only includes internal multiples by inverse scattering series method. Second, the method uses velocity-weighted Kirchhoff demigration to create shot gathers that contains only internal multiples. Internal multiple prediction based on the prestack time migration profile effectively reduces the computational cost of multiple predictions, and the internal-multiple shot gathers created by Kirchhoff demigration remarkably reduces the complexity of the practical problem. Internal multiple elimination can be conducted through the combined adaptive multiple subtraction based on event tracing. Synthetic and field data tests show that the method effectively predicts internal multiples and possesses considerable potential in field data processing, particularly in areas where internal multiples develop seriously. 相似文献
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碳酸盐岩地下古溶洞及其内部充填结构一直以来是地质建模的难点。综合地震、地质、测井等资料,提出了溶洞复合体、单一溶洞及溶洞内部充填结构3个层次逐级约束建模的思路,探索了基于多点地质统计学的溶洞内部充填结构建模方法。其中溶洞复合体属于较大尺度地质体单元,地震分辨率基本可识别,井震联合反演约束下采用截断高斯模拟方法建立溶洞复合体模型;单一溶洞是溶洞复合体的重要组成单元,属于中等尺度地质体单元,地震分辨率难以直接识别,基于大量露头实测数据,在溶洞复合体约束下采用基于目标的方法建立单一溶洞分布模型;溶洞内部充填结构属于小尺度地质体单元,地震分辨率很难识别,在单一溶洞约束下,尝试采用多点地质统计学方法建立溶洞内部充填结构模型。以上层级约束建模思路有助于提升地下古溶洞及其内部储集体地质建模的准确度,在塔河油田某缝洞单元测试中取得了初步效果,同时讨论了存在问题及攻关方向。该研究对于精细表征缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏具有指导和启示作用。 相似文献
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地球物理方法（重力、地震、电法等）是地质调查及填图工作中的重要手段。相对于二维地质填图,三维地质填图/建模更迫切地需要借助地球物理数据来获取大量与深度有关的地质信息,因此本文提出了一种基于地球物理数据的地质体三维填图方法。首先,将不同地球物理手段所获取到的数据格网进行可视化建模综合;然后,在有限的地质采样约束下进行解释并直接映射为地质三维模型。实践证明,该方法自动化程度较高,并能在地质调查工作中针对性地解决一些地球物理资料较丰富而地质采样相对匮乏的三维地质填图问题。此外,它也可应用于传统三维地质填图工作中,以极大地提高地球物理数据处理效率。 相似文献
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地震层析成像之密度异常驱动地幔对流模型 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
地震层析成像展现了地球内部横向不均匀性，其描述的地幔结构正是地幔演化热动力学过程的现代表现。然而，如何利用这些最新的观测成果去研究地球特别是地幔的动力学过程是对地球动力学研究的挑战，建立了地幔密度异常（温度异常）直接驱动地幔对流的新方法，并利用现代地震层析成像模型计算了对应的地幔对流的格局，探讨了其和全球构造相关的地幔问题。结果表明，在单层地幔粘滞结构条件下，对流格局仍然以全地幔大尺度对流为主体；所发展的理论和方法可以适用于不同来源的地幔层析成像的数据，可以用于探讨不同边界条件和地幔参数对应的地幔对流模型，也可以用于使用大地水准面异常检验对流模型。 相似文献
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《世界地质(英文版)》2016,(1):6-12
Porosity is one of the most important properties of oil and gas reservoirs. The porosity data that come from well log are only available at well points. It is necessary to use other method to estimate reservoir porosity.Seismic data contain abundant lithological information. Because there are inherent correlations between reservoir property and seismic data,it is possible to estimate reservoir porosity by using seismic data and attributes.Probabilistic neural network is a powerful tool to extract mathematical relation between two data sets. It has been used to extract the mathematical relation between porosity and seismic attributes. Firstly,a seismic impedance volume is calculated by seismic inversion. Secondly,several appropriate seismic attributes are extracted by using multi-regression analysis. Then a probabilistic neural network model is trained to obtain a mathematical relation between porosity and seismic attributes. Finally,this trained probabilistic neural network model is implemented to calculate a porosity data volume. This methodology could be utilized to find advantageous areas at the early stage of exploration. It is also helpful for the establishment of a reservoir model at the stage of reservoir development. 相似文献
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针对地震信号中存在大量环境噪声的问题,基于天然地震事件和人工爆破事件建立初始数据集,利用集合经验模态分解（EEMD）技术对波形信号进行分解、降噪,提取出较纯净的各阶本征模态函数（IMF）分量,然后对前10阶分量分别计算分布熵,即EEMD多尺度分布熵,建立神经网络输入矩阵。应用鲸鱼优化算法（WOA）对自组织特征映射（SOM）神经网络参数（竞争层维数、网络训练次数）进行优化,针对不同训练样本寻找对应的最优参数值以改善模式识别的稳定性,从而提高地震识别率。结果表明,EEMD多尺度分布熵结合WOA-SOM模型可有效识别天然地震和人工地震。 相似文献
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In Process of seismic exPloration,the noise of seismic signals Produces serious interference. Conven-tional methods of wavelet threshold denoising cannot fully use the characteristics of seismic signal... 相似文献
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针对地震仪器记录的地磁数据存在单点缺失和连续多点缺失而不利于地震数据处理和地震预报的问题,同时为了快速处理非震异常值,本文提出将时间序列自回归移动平均（ARMA）预测模型用于地磁数据插值处理,并与均值插值、线性插值进行对比分析。结果表明,均值插值、线性插值和 ARMA 模型单点缺失的平均标准误差分别为 0.110 2、0.006 9 和 0.000 1,连续多点缺失的平均标准误差分别为 0.258 23、0.194 2 和 0.004 86,说明 ARMA 模型在单点缺失和连续多点缺失时均具有较低标准误差,且能很好地保持实际观测序列的曲线形态,插值效果较好,有望成为地磁数据序列处理的一种新方法。 相似文献
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利用欧空局提供的Sentinel-1A卫星差分干涉数据为约束,对2015-12-07塔吉克斯坦MS7.4地震的震源机制进行反演。首先运用两轨法对卫星雷达影像进行差分干涉处理,获取覆盖塔吉克斯坦地震震区的同震形变场,然后运用分布式滑动模型反演获取较精细的断层滑动分布。结果显示,分布式滑动模型与观测结果有很高的拟合度。反演结果表明,发震断层以左旋走滑运动为主,此次地震断层的最大滑移量为4.42 m,同震的地震矩为73.71×1018 Nm,矩震级为MW7.19,与震后USGS、GCMT、IPGP等机构给出的震源机制解结果一致,是在具有左旋走滑运动特征的显著构造背景下的一次正常、必然的破裂事件。 相似文献
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根据弹性理论的叠加原理，研究了有限元分析中的单元划分问题。通过有限元结点位移反演边界力系数与理论边界力系数进行比较来判别断裂区单元划分是否合理，应用模拟数据定量分析了二维和三维有限元法的单元划分，为有限元法在地学研究中的实际应用提供参考依据。 相似文献
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传统网络电子地图生成是以要素进行组织的,在表达地理实体动态变化、关联关系以及多粒度特征时存在一定的局限性。而多粒度时空对象数据模型旨在解决现实世界到对象所组成的事物空间之间的映射这一科学问题,为时空实体的可视化提供了新的思路,为展示地图要素间复杂关联、多维动态等特征提供了模型基础和数据保证。本文将多粒度时空对象数据模型引入网络电子地图生成当中,渐进得改变了以往网络电子地图依靠图层数据生成的模式,基于多粒度时空对象的概念、模型框架以及数据存储与管理方式,提出了2种网络电子地图生成方法。一种是利用多粒度时空对象数据重建图层,为现有网络制图工具提供“中间件”,使其能够调度和使用多粒度时空对象数据;另一种是将多粒度时空对象数据和地图符号进行绑定,使网络电子地图不再依赖于图层而能根据多粒度时空对象动态更新,同时便于将对象之间的关系、组成结构等非结构化属性特征进行可视化。同时,本文通过实验验证了2种方法的可行性,为多粒度时空对象在网络电子制图领域的应用进行了有效实践。 相似文献
14.
Full waveform inversion ( FWI) is an effective tool for constructing high resolution velocity models, but it is affected by a local minima problem.Without long offsets and low frequency data, it is difficult to apply the conventional multi-scale FWI to actual seismic data.In this study, the large offset and low frequency infor-mation are provided by the method of wavelet packet envelope for the conventional FWI.The gradient can be computed efficiently with the adjoint state method without any additional computational cost.Marmousi synthetic data is used to illustrate that, compared with Hilbert envelope-based FWI, wavelet packet envelope FWI can provide an adequately accurate model for the conventional FWI approach even when the initial model is far from the true model and the low-frequency data are missing. 相似文献
15.
利用2011～2015年云南区域地震台网的数字波形资料,选取互相衔接的3段几何衰减模型,运用基于遗传算法的Atkinson方法反演云南地区的介质品质因子Q(f),得到云南地区Q值与频率的关系为Q(f)=193.8f0.528。采用Brune的ω平方模型约束震源位移谱,使用Moya方法联合多台多地震数据计算得到46个台站的场地响应。结果显示,岩石台基对地震波信号在不同频段的放大作用并不相同,云南地区场地响应总体存在明显的低频放大、高频衰减现象,在卓越频段1～4 Hz场地放大倍数大多在1～10倍,而在高频段（10 Hz以上）场地的衰减大多在0.05~1倍。 相似文献
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The primary objective of landslide susceptibility mapping is the prediction of potential landslides in landslide-prone areas.The predictive power of a landslide susceptibility mapping model could be tested in an adjacent area of similar geoenvironmental conditions to find out the reliability.Both the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and the 2013 Lushan Earthquake occurred in the Longmen Mountain seismic zone,with similar topographical and geological conditions.The two earthquakes are both featured by thrust fault and similar seismic mechanism.This paper adopted the susceptibility mapping model of co-seismic landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake to predict the spatial distribution of landslides induced by Lushan earthquake.Six influencing parameters were taken into consideration: distance from the seismic fault,slope gradient,lithology,distance from drainage,elevation and Peak Ground Acceleration(PGA).The preliminary results suggested that the zones with high susceptibility of coseismic landslides were mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of Lushan,Baoxing and Tianquan counties.The co-seismic landslide susceptibility map was completed in two days after the quake and sent to the field investigators to provide guidance for rescue and relief work.The predictive power of the susceptibility map was validated by ROC curve analysis method using 2037 co-seismic landslides in the epicenter area.The AUC value of 0.710 indicated that the susceptibility model derived from Wenchuan Earthquake landslides showed good accuracy in predicting the landslides triggered by Lushan earthquake. 相似文献
18.
基于小波互相关的微地震信号检测方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出一种基于小波互相关技术的微地震信号自动检测方法,利用复Morlet小波在特定尺度上对地震波形进行变换,分析其相位角相关性,设置合理的相似度阈值自动检测微小地震。对2018-05-01新疆昌吉ML4.8地震后30 min的波形进行检测测试,共发现11个微地震事件,并给出其检测台站的P波到时结果。与中国地震台网中心地震统一编目结果对比发现,无漏检、错检,P波到时结果相差基本在1 s之内,认为将该方法用于地震序列微地震检测具有一定的可行性。 相似文献
19.
KONG Desen LUAN Maotian and WANG Weiming School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin P.R.China School of Civil Architectural Engineering Shandong University of Science Technology Qingdao P.R.China Institute of Geotechnical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian P.R.China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,(1)
The study on the earthquake-resistant performance of a pile-soil-structure interaction system is a relatively complicated and primarily important issue in civil engineering practice. In this paper, a computational model and computation procedures for pile-supported structures, which can duly consider the pile-soil interaction effect, are established by the finite element method. Numerical implementation is made in the time domain. A simplified approximation for the seismic response analysis of pile-soil-structure systems is briefly presented. Then a comparative study is performed for an engineering example with numerical results computed respectively by the finite element method and the simplified method. Through comparative analysis, it is shown that the results obtained by the simplified method well agree with those achieved by the finite element method. The numerical results and findings will offer instructive guidelines for earthquake-resistant analysis and design of pile-supported structures. 相似文献
20.
卢婷 《大地测量与地球动力学》2016,36(10):907-911
利用四川区域地震台网的数字波形资料以及中国地震台网中心的有关震相数据,选取互相衔接的3段地震波的几何衰减模型,利用基于遗传算法的Atkinson和Mereu方法,反演得到四川攀枝花-西昌地区的介质品质因子Q(f),并采用Brune的ω平方模型约束震源位移谱,使用Moya方法联合多台多地震数据求得该地区各地震台站的场地响应。结果显示,2008-05~2013-12期间攀西地区介质衰减模型为Q(f)=94.4f0.665 9,2014-01~2015-06期间该地区介质衰减模型为Q(f)=83.9f0.719 6,两个时间段的反演结果十分接近,且均呈现出低Q0和较高衰减系数γ的特点,即该地区地震波衰减明显偏高,同时Q对频率f的依赖较大;场地响应方面,岩石台基对地震波信号在不同频率点的放大作用不同,其中MGU、PGE和SMK地震台场地增益较大,YYU、YYC地震台场地放大倍数在1~2之间平稳变化,LGH地震台场地响应随频率增大而快速衰减。结合上述计算结果推测,攀西地区构造活跃、上地壳结构极不均匀、地震波能量衰减强烈是造成该区域Q0低异常的主要原因。 相似文献