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1.
我们运用一个新的分析公式，解出了动量，质量和能量联立方程。这个方程控制着海洋沉积物中天然气水合物的聚集和演化，而且可以推导出水合物稳定区的顶底位置，水合物实际产生区的顶底位置，沉积物中水合物聚集速率的时间，以及在扩散和平流两端元系统中聚集速度与深度的关系。得出的主要结论如下：（1）天然气水合物在海洋沉积物中实际出现的底界通常并不与天在气水合物稳定带底一致，比稳定带底要浅。同样，有确切的物理解释来说明天然气水合物稳定带底界一致，比稳定底界要浅。同样，有确切的物理解释来说明天然气水合物稳定带顶界（通常在海底）和天然气水合物生成带顶界的不一致。（2）如果似海底反射界面（BSR）标志着游离气带的顶界，那么在某些地背景下BSR实际上应当发生在比稳定带底更深的地方。（3）甲烷天然气水合物温压稳定域内存在的甲烷甲对于天然气水合物的生成是不够的。只有甲烷溶解在流体中的质量分数超过甲烷在海水中甲烷的溶解度，或者甲烷通量超过了对应于甲烷扩散运移率的临界值时天然气水合物才能生成。可以利用这些临界通量综合地球物理或地球化学资料限定生物成因和热成因的甲烷最小产生率。（4）对于大多数扩散－分散系数值，以扩散为主的天然气水合物体系是以在稳定带底界附近的天然气水合物薄层为特征的，以扩散为主的天然气水合物体系是以在稳定带底附近的天然气水合物薄层为特征的。以平流为主的系统有厚的天然气水合物层，而且对于高的流体通量，在层底比在沉积序列浅层有更大规模的聚集。基于以上结果以及在某些以扩散为主的体系中生成最小的天然气水合物区也需要很高的甲烷通量，我们推测所有的自然界的天然气水合物系统，甚至那么如被动边缘的相对低通量的环境都可能以平流占主导地位。 相似文献
2.
为了探讨琼东南盆地华光凹陷海底天然气水合物稳定带的分布规律,定量研究了静水压力、底水温度、地温梯度和气源组分对水合物稳定带的影响程度。在此基础上,分析了华光凹陷现今甲烷水合物稳定带的厚度分布。最后,综合各因素的历史演化过程,初步探讨了华光凹陷1.05 Ma BP以来天然气水合物稳定带的演化。结果表明:(1)气源组分和海底温度的变化对研究区内水合物稳定带的影响较大;水合物稳定带厚度与海底温度呈良好的线性负相关性。(2)水深超过600 m的海域具备形成天然气水合物的温压条件;超过600 m水深的海域水合物稳定带厚度大部分超过 100 m,其中西北部稳定带的最大厚度超过300 m,是有利的水合物勘探区。(3)华光凹陷1.05 Ma BP以来天然气水合物稳定带厚度经历了快速增厚–窄幅变化–快速减薄和恢复的过程。麻坑群与水合物稳定变化敏感区在空间上具有较好的叠合关系。结合前人的研究成果,推测其形成与天然气水合物的分解释放有关。 相似文献
3.
１引言海底天然气水合物温压稳定带 (下称水合物带 )这个术语被用来说明某地质剖面的一部分 ,将现有条件下能够存有天然气水合物的海底与上面的水体界定开。事实上 ,由于现有条件复杂多变 ,所以很难精确地估计该带的厚度。这些变化主要指气体成分、水体盐度、海底温度、地热及水压梯度。通常是用深度 (压力 )、温度图来确定该带底部 ,其数值在地热曲线和纯水或海水为均衡状态的甲烷水合物稳定曲线的交会点上。的确 ,甲烷是海底天然气水合物中主要的烃类成分 ,其浓度要百倍于其它的碳氢化合物气体 ,在其它因素相同的情况下 ,水合物带的厚度随… 相似文献
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5.
根据冲绳海槽多道地震资料的处理解释,在16条地震剖面上发现了水合物拟海底反射层BSR,经过AVO、波形反演等特殊的处理技术,首次直接利用BSR圈定了冲绳海槽天然气水合物具体分布范围,直接利用数据得出了天然气水合物稳定带厚度在冲绳海槽的分布趋势,认为海槽南部最厚,中部次之,北部最薄,并通过计算得出了冲绳海槽水合物稳定带的厚度和水合物资源量,对今后海槽水合物勘查和资源量评价具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
6.
随着深海调查研究的不断深入,发现大洋基性和超基性岩与水相互作用可发生蛇纹岩化作用产生无机成因甲烷等烃类气体,可能在大洋区海底形成水合物。为评估大洋蛇纹岩化无机成因甲烷水合物生成热力学条件及水合物稳定带分布特征,本文利用实测的原位温度、水深等条件,结合甲烷水合物-水-游离气三相平衡温压条件,计算了马里亚纳弧前蛇纹岩泥火山、北大西洋Fram海峡超慢速扩张脊和Lost City慢速扩张脊3个不同地质构造环境的蛇纹岩化发育的大洋区海底环境甲烷水合物稳定带底界,并对其水合物发育潜力进行了评估。研究表明马里亚纳弧前蛇纹岩泥火山和北大西洋Fram海峡超慢速扩张脊满足天然气水合物发育的热力学条件,可能发育有甲烷水合物,相应的水合物稳定带底界深度分别约为858～2 515和153～232 mbsf。大西洋Lost City喷口附近发育甲烷水合物可能性较小。 相似文献
7.
GIS辅助估算南海南部天然气水合物资源量 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
具有低温高压条件的深海是天然气水合物形成的有利场所。从海底天然气水合物稳定分布的赋成条件入手,分别根据Levitus水温数据和Sloan的CSMHYD程序拟合出水温水深方程和相界线方程。假定南海南部温度梯度范围为59—90℃·km-1,得天然气水合物稳定带厚度与水深的关系方程。采用最新的南海南部海底数字地形图数据,在GIS平台上分析得到天然气水合物稳定带的分布图,进而获得南海南部天然气水合物稳定带最大厚度为230—355m,容积为5.7×1013—9.5×1013m3;甲烷量为2.451×1015—4.085×1015m3;资源量为1.729×1013—2.169×1013m3。 相似文献
8.
按照天然气水合物形成的气体疏导方式划分,渗漏系统是海洋浅表层天然气水合物藏形成的主要模式。关键成藏要素包括温压场、气源等,温压场主要控制天然气水合物成藏的平面分布和纵向分布;海底热流低值区有利于形成天然气水合物,但在海底热流超高的海域,只要有充足的气源供给,在高甲烷通量区深海浅表层也可以形成天然气水合物藏,而且往往与泥火山、气烟囱等特殊地质体伴生,形成致密的数米厚层状天然气水合物藏。浅表层天然气水合物藏气源主要是有机热解成因气,一般其深部均发育有成熟的含油气盆地,有烃源层广泛分布,并且干酪根发生过明确的生烃过程,形成的热解甲烷气通过断层、气烟囱等破碎带垂向运移通道渗漏上升,在温压场控制的相平衡区形成天然气水合物藏,因此,海底热流值较高的海盆也是浅表层天然气水合物藏形成的有利海域。 相似文献
9.
冲绳海槽天然气水合物稳定带特征及资源量评价 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据冲绳海槽多道地震资料的处理解释,在16条地震剖面上发现了水合物似海底反射层BSR,经过AVO、波形反演等特殊的处理技术,首次直接利用BSR圈定了冲绳海槽天然气水合物的具体分布范围,直接利用数据得出了天然气水合物稳定带厚度在冲绳海槽的分布趋势,认为海槽南部最厚,中部次之,北部最薄,并通过计算得出了冲绳海槽水合物稳定带的厚度和水合物资源量,对今后海槽水合物勘查和资源量评价具有一定的指导意义. 相似文献
10.
天然气水合物目前已经成为世界范围的一个研究热点，而我国的天然气水合物研究起步则相对较晚，通过阅读国内外有关文献，总结了天然气水合物在海底的分布特征，聚集和形成机制，产状及其形成机理，甲烷羽的形成过程，天然气水合物在沉积物中的聚集位置通常有两种情况：一是较浅的沉积物（海底以下几米）中，受控于泥底辟，泥火山，断层等；二是较深的沉积物（海底以下几十米，甚至更深）中，受控于流体，当断层延伸至海底时，通常在水合物聚集处的上部发现甲烷羽，天然气以溶解气，游离气或分子扩散的形式运移，在温，压适宜的沉积物中，即水合物稳定带内聚集并形成水合物，水合物的形成过程是：最初形成晶体，呈分散状分布于沉积物中，之后逐渐聚集，生长成结核状，层状，最后形成块状，在细粒的浅层沉积物中，通常以较慢的速度生长，形成分散状的水合物；而在粗粒沉积物中，水合物通常呈填隙状，并且这种产状可能位于较深层位中，我国南海在温度，压力，构造条件，天然气来源等方面都能满足天然气水合物的形成条件，并且在南海也发现了一些水合物存在的标志，如似海底反射层（BSR）以及孔隙水中氯离子浓度的降低。因此，天然气水合物在我国南海海域可能有很好的前景。 相似文献
11.
To what extent methane liberated from marine hydrate will enter the ocean during a warmer world is unknown. Although methane release due to hydrate dissociation has been modelled, it is unclear whether or not methane will reach the seafloor during a warmer world and therefore contribute to oceanic and atmospheric budgets. Here we show, using a new three-dimensional (3-D) seismic dataset, that some hydrate deposits surround the gas chimneys passing through the HSZ. Bottom water warming since the last glacial maximum (LGM) is interpreted to cause hydrate dissociation but critically some of the released methane was not vented to the ocean. The released gas caused seal failure and free gas entered the hydrate stability zone (HSZ) through vertical gas chimneys to where new hydrate accumulations formed. This process is a new evidence for methane recycling and could account in part for the lack of methane in ice core records that cover warming events during the late Quaternary. This research provides new insight into how methane could be recycled rather than vented during a warmer world. 相似文献
12.
Methane can be released from the vast marine hydrate reservoirs that surround continents into oceans and perhaps the atmosphere. But how these pathways work within the global carbon cycle now and during a warmer world is only partially understood. Here we use 3-D seismic data to identify what we interpret to be a gas venting system that bypasses the hydrate stability zone (HSZ) offshore of Mauritania. This venting is manifested by the presence of the acoustic wipe-out (AWO) across a densely faulted succession above a salt diapir and a set of morphological features including a substantial, ∼260 m wide and ∼32 m deep, pockmark at the seabed. The base of the HSZ is marked by a bottom simulating reflector (BSR) which deflects upwards above the diapir, rather than mimicking the seabed. We use a numerical modelling to show that this deflection is caused by the underlying salt diapir. It creates a trapping geometry for gas sealed by hydrate-clogged sediment. After entering the HSZ, some methane accumulated as hydrate in the levees of a buried canyon. Venting in this locality probably reduces the flux of gas to the landward limit of feather edge of hydrate, reducing the volume of gas that would be susceptible for release during a warmer world. 相似文献
13.
In this paper, we address the irregular behaviour and geometry of the gas hydrate stability zone (HSZ) inferred from reflection seismic data in relation to heat-flow measurements. The study area lies in the hanging wall of the Posolsky fault in the Southern Baikal Basin (SBB). Side-scan sonar imagery already revealed an undulating antithetic active fault structure and several isolated active vent structures. Remarkably, these fluid discharge structures occur only where the base of the hydrate stability zone (BHSZ), as inferred from seismic reflection profiles, is fluctuating and discontinuous, independent of lake floor morphology. The correlation between the interpreted BHSZ and heat-flow data across the Malenki seep is reasonable. On a seismic profile south of the fluid escape features, the BHSZ is expressed as an oscillatory, but continuous reflection, and shows poor correlation with heat-flow measurements. In nearly all cases, measured heat-flow exceeds inferred heat-flow. Additionally, the local inferred minima are anomalously low compared to the expected background values in the SBB. These observations suggest that the present-day hydrate accumulation and its (meta-)stability are more complicated than originally suspected. The limited area of these anomalies, their amplitudes and their occurrence in the immediate vicinity of faults and fluid escape features suggest that fluid convection cells disturb local gas hydrate stability conditions. 相似文献
14.
南海北部大陆边缘天然气水合物稳定带厚度的地热学研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The exploration of unconventional and/or new energy resources has become the focus of energy research worldwide,given the shortage of fossil fuels.As a potential energy resource,gas hydrate exists only in the environment of high pressure and low temperature,mainly distributing in the sediments of the seafloor in the continental margins and the permafrost zones in land.The accurate determination of the thickness of gas hydrate stability zone is essential yet challenging in the assessment of the exploitation potential.The majority of previous studies obtain this thickness by detecting the bottom simulating reflectors(BSRs) layer on the seismic profiles.The phase equilibrium between gas hydrate stable state with its temperature and pressure provides an opportunity to derive the thickness with the geothermal method.Based on the latest geothermal dataset,we calculated the thickness of the gas hydrate stability zone(GHSZ) in the north continental margin of the South China Sea.Our results indicate that the thicknesses of gas hydrate stability zone vary greatly in different areas of the northern margin of the South China Sea.The thickness mainly concentrates on 200–300 m and distributes in the southwestern and eastern areas with belt-like shape.We further confirmed a certain relationship between the GHSZ thickness and factors such as heat flow and water depth.The thickness of gas hydrate stability zone is found to be large where the heat flow is relatively low.The GHSZ thickness increases with the increase of the water depth,but it tends to stay steady when the water depth deeper than 3 000 m.The findings would improve the assessment of gas hydrate resource potential in the South China Sea. 相似文献
15.
刘金龙 王淑红 AsiriObeysekara XIANGJiansheng PabloSalinas ChristopherPain JonnyRutqvist 颜文 《热带海洋学报》2020,39(1):94-105
海洋天然气水合物稳定带气烟囱结构中存在被水合物充填的裂隙, 表明在自然条件下沉积物中曾发生过流体压裂以及相关的流体流动和水合物形成。在水合物稳定带内实施人为的流体压裂工程, 并联合其他方法(如降压或注热)进行水合物开采, 有望提高开采效率。水合物稳定带内, 无论是自然条件下发生的流体压裂过程, 还是人为实施的流体压裂工程, 都存在水合物反应和沉积物裂隙变形之间的耦合响应。当前, 已有不少数值程序对水合物反应与沉积物弹塑性变形的耦合过程进行了定量研究, 但尚没有数值程序能够计算水合物反应和离散裂隙变形之间的耦合过程。文章将TOUGH+Hydrate程序、IC-FERST和Solidity两者的耦合程序进行了进一步耦合, 为水合物稳定带内的流体压裂计算提供了一种耦合计算方法, 同时通过一个算例初步验证了该耦合计算方法的可行性。验证结果表明, 该耦合计算方法经进一步改进后有望应用于定量研究水合物稳定带内的裂隙变形和水合物反应过程。 相似文献
16.
天然气水合物的上界面——硫酸盐还原-甲烷厌氧氧化界面 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
栾锡武 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2009,(2)
定义了海域天然气水合物成矿带的上界面。指出在地球深部存在最原始的、从根本上不依靠光合作用来生存的生命系统。根据对ODP岩心样品中微生物数量的统计,海底以下沉积层中的生物数量可能占据全球原核生物总量的70%,其生物总碳量和地球表面所有植物的碳总量相当。地球内部如此巨大的生物总量应该在地壳中的气体分布等方面起着重要作用。甲烷在地壳层中广泛存在,并主要是微生物成因的。微生物产甲烷的途径主要有两个,一是二氧化碳还原,另一个是醋酸盐发酵。相应地,参与产甲烷的微生物菌群主要是产甲烷菌和食醋酸菌。甲烷在沉积层中的厌氧氧化是一个不争的事实。该过程发生在海底以下一个非常局限的区带,称为硫酸盐还原-甲烷厌氧氧化区带。通常,这个区带很窄,仅为一个面,因此,硫酸盐还原-甲烷厌氧氧化区带又称硫酸盐还原-甲烷厌氧氧化界面。这是一个基本的生物地球化学界面,在功能上它起到屏蔽甲烷向海底和大气逸散的作用,是一个巨大的甲烷汇。甲烷的厌氧氧化同样是一个由微生物介导的过程,参与此过程的微生物主要是食甲烷古菌和硫酸盐还原菌。硫酸盐还原-甲烷厌氧氧化界面在海洋沉积层中一般深可达海底以下上百米,浅可至海底。此界面为天然气水合物的上界面,该界面以上没有甲烷... 相似文献
17.
Muri Basin in the Qilian Mountain is the only permafrost area in China where gas hydrate samples have been obtained through scientific drilling. Fracture-filling hydrate is the main type of gas hydrate found in the Qilian Mountain permafrost. Most of gas hydrate samples had been found in a thin-layer-like, flake and block group in a fracture of Jurassic mudstone and oil shale, although some pore-filling hydrate was found in porous sandstone. The mechanism for gas hydrate formation in the Qilian Mountain permafrost is as follows: gas generation from source rock was controlled by tectonic subsidence and uplift--gas migration and accumulation was controlled by fault and tight formation--gas hydrate formation and accumulation was controlled by permafrost. Some control factors for gas hydrate formation in the Qilian Mountain permafrost were analyzed and validated through numerical analysis and laboratory experiments. CSMGem was used to estimate the gas hydrate stability zone in the Qilian permafrost at a depth of 100–400 m. This method was used to analyze the gas composition of gas hydrate to determine the gas composition before gas hydrate formation. When the overlying formation of gas accumulation zone had a permeability of 0.05 × 10−15 m2 and water saturation of more than 0.8, gas from deep source rocks was sealed up to form the gas accumulation zone. Fracture-filling hydrate was formed in the overlap area of gas hydrate stability zone and gas accumulation zone. The experimental results showed that the lithology of reservoir played a key role in controlling the occurrence and distribution of gas hydrate in the Qilian Mountain permafrost. 相似文献
18.
An analysis of 3D seismic data from the northwestern part of the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, revealed that the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) consists of five seismic units separated by regional reflectors. An anticline is present that documents activity of many faults. The seismic indicators of gas hydrate occurrence included bottom simulating reflector (BSR) and acoustic blanking in the gas hydrate occurrence zone (GHOZ). By the analysis of the seismic characteristics and the gradient of the sedimentary strata, the GHOZ was divided into four classes: (1) dipping strata upon strong BSR, (2) dipping strata below strong BSR, (3) parallel strata with acoustic blanking, and (4) parallel strata below weak BSR. Seismic attributes such as reflection strength and instantaneous frequency were computed along the GHOZ. Low reflection strength and high instantaneous frequency were identified above the BSR, indicating the occurrence of gas hydrate. A remarkably high reflection strength and low instantaneous frequency indicated the presence of free gas below the BSR. Considering the distribution of the gas hydrate and free gas, two gas migration processes are suggested: (1) stratigraphic migration through the dipping, permeable strata and (2) structural migration from below the GHSZ along faults. 相似文献