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1.
滑坡属于地质灾害中的重要灾种之一,查明滑坡区的地质与地球物理特征,对分析滑坡形成机制、评价滑坡稳定性具有重要意义。鉴于此,本文将高密度电法引入三峡库区腹地万州区滑坡地质调查中,在区内四方碑滑坡、塘角1号滑坡和麻柳林滑坡进行地球物理探测工作,并结合钻孔资料对实测结果进行对比验证。实测结果表明：在地形复杂地区开展地球物理探测工作,通过数据反演与分析,可获取滑坡体地层结构及滑移面;结合相关地质资料,通过对比解译,可弥补单纯依靠钻孔信息来确定滑移面形态的不足;3个典型滑坡区地球物理实测资料揭露滑坡体和滑床地球物理电性特征表现为,由崩坡积物、第四系粉质黏土以及含水碎石块组成的滑坡体电阻率低于40 Ω·m,而由砂岩与泥岩组成的滑床电阻率高于40 Ω·m,高密度电法对基岩滑坡和土质滑坡都能获取较好的结果。 相似文献
2.
Ahmet Evren Erginal Beyhan Öztürk Yunus Levent Ekinci Alper Demirci 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(6):1167-1175
The nature and subsurface structure of the slip surface of a landslide was studied on the basis of geochemical analyses and
2-D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey. Head scarp and lateral slip surfaces of the landslide marked by clear
slickensided shear planes were composed of the average amounts of clayey silt (32.5%) and sand (67.5%). Energy dispersive
X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) data revealed the enrichment of Si (23.24%), Fe (12.2%), Al (9.51%) and C (8.34%) in the elemental
composition of the disturbed slip surface. From X-ray diffractometry (XRD) data, six main clay types were determined, such
as Volkonskoite, Halloysite, Ferrosilite, Saponite, Illite and Nontronite. The ERT survey displayed that the landslide developed
as a reactivation on the upper part of an old landslide body. 相似文献
3.
高密度电阻率法是一种基于岩土体的电性差异而进行勘探的物探方法。在介绍了高密度电法基本原理和系统结构的基础上,通过在三峡库区某滑坡勘察中应用高密度电法确定滑体厚度和基岩面形态的实例,探讨了在滑坡勘察中高密度电法的适用条件和野外工作方法,并结合钻探成果和工程地质测绘资料对其影像成果进行了有效解释。实践表明该技术在与常规勘察方法结合起来进行滑坡勘察时,勘探效率高。应用配套软件处理后,勘测数据生成的地电断面图直观清晰,定性、定量解释可靠,能得到符合实际的滑坡体参数,可以较好地应用于多种勘察方法相结合的滑坡勘察中。 相似文献
4.
本文以贵州省纳雍县鬃岭崩塌滑坡带两个滑坡区为例,通过水文地质调查、水动力场分析、水化学和流量动态对比分析,得出结论（1）天然条件下,崩塌滑坡带存在3个相对独立的地下水系统,采煤活动改变了局部地下水径流排泄方向,使上部基岩裂隙水、中部岩溶水补给到下部基岩裂隙水中,最后从坑道或泉排泄出地表。（2）流量动态和钙离子含量变化表明,雨季中部岩溶水灌入式补给到了采空区坑道中,同时也表明老鬃岭镇滑坡区山体浅部垂直裂缝发育,左家寨滑坡区山体浅部至深部垂直裂缝均有发育。（3）鬃岭崩塌滑坡体内部地下水以非饱和水下渗运动为主,不存在饱和地下水流场,故而不存在水动力驱动滑坡影响作用。（4）在鬃岭崩塌滑坡孕灾或灾害触发过程中,地下水对垂直裂缝、滑动结构面的发展和岩体破坏、失稳主要起到加速和促进作用。本文对岩溶石山地区类似滑坡机理研究有一定意义。 相似文献
5.
中等倾角岩层顺向坡,受坡体结构和岩体物理力学性质控制,多存在变形、崩塌、滑坡等工程地质问题,常常会诱发大规模的地质灾害。该类斜坡潜在滑动面不直接出露地表,一般具有变形机制复杂、隐蔽性强和危害大的特点,是滑坡领域关注与研究的重点。拖担水库大坝左岸为一古滑坡,在水库扩建开挖过程中,诱发古滑坡体复活。在分析古滑坡工程地质条件的基础上,结合地质勘察和变形监测结果,研究了其变形特征及形成机制。研究结果表明:①左岸古滑坡具有岩层倾角“上陡下缓”、滑体底部存在反倾坡内的剪切破碎带、滑床岩体产生弧状弯曲的特点;②古滑坡体为一基岩顺层滑坡,滑动模式为“滑移（弯曲）—剪断”型,其变形破坏过程包括三个阶段:弯曲隆起阶段、滑移剪出阶段和扰动变形阶段;③该类斜坡变形破坏后,坡体易沿“上陡下缓”的椅型软弱层面发生二次滑动,滑坡控制关键是对下部变形区的保护。 相似文献
6.
The Daguangbao landslide is the largest co-seismic landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake (Ms 8.0) occurred on 12 May 2008. The landslide, which is 4.6 km long and 3.7 km wide, involves a volume of approximately 1.2 × 109 m3. An exposed slip surface, situated at the southern flank of its source area, was observed with a length of 1.8 km along the main sliding direction and an area of 0.3 km2. To study the geological and tectonic characteristics of the source area and their contributions to the landslide formation during the earthquake, detailed geological investigations were firstly conducted. And it is reached that the landslide occurred on the northwestern limb of the Dashuizha anticline with its scarp showing several geological structures, including joint sets, local faults, and folds. These tectonic-related structures potentially influenced the failure of the landslide. Secondly, further investigations were focused on the inclined planar sliding surface using 12 exploratory trenches, nine boreholes, a tunnel, borehole sonic data, and micro-images. These data reveal that the rock mass along the sliding surface was the fragmented rock of a bedding fault. A pulverized zone was observed on the sliding surface, which was the zone of shear localization during the landslide. This suggests that the shear failure of the Daguangbao landslide developed within the bedding fault. The rapid failure of the landslide was associated with the degradation of the rock mass strength of the bedding fault both before and during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. With this study, we propose that a pre-existing large discontinuity within a slope may be the basis for initiating a large landslide during earthquake. 相似文献
7.
Sinkhole collapse is one of the main limitations on the development of karst areas, especially where bedrock is covered by
unconsolidated material. Studies of sinkhole formation have shown that sinkholes are likely to develop in cutter (enlarged
joint) zones as a result of subterranean erosion by flowing groundwater. Because of the irregular distribution of pinnacles
and cutters on the bedrock surface, uncertainties arise when "hit-or-miss" borehole drilling is used to locate potential collapse
sites. A high-resolution geophysical technique capable of depicting the details of the bedrock surface is essential for guiding
the drilling program. Dipole-dipole electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was used to map the bedrock surface at a site
in southern Indiana where limestone is covered by about 9 m of clayey soils. Forty-nine transects were conducted over an area
of approximately 42,037 m2. The electrode spacing was 3 m. The length of the transects varied from 81 to 249 m. The tomographs were interpreted with
the aid of soil borings. The repeatability of ERT was evaluated by comparing the rock surface elevations interpreted from
pairs of transects where they crossed each other. The average difference was 2.4 m, with a maximum of 10 m. The discrepancy
between interpreted bedrock-surface elevations for a transect intersection may be caused by variations in the subsurface geology
normal to the transect. Averaging the elevation data interpreted from different transects improved the ERT results. A bedrock
surface map was generated using only the averaged elevation data at the transect junctions. The accuracy of the map was further
evaluated using data from four exploratory boreholes. The average difference between interpreted and actual bedrock surface-elevations
was less than 0.4 m. The map shows two large troughs in the limestone surface: one coinciding with an existing sinkhole basin,
while the other is in alignment with a small topographic valley. Because sinkholes were observed at the same elevation interval
in similar valleys in the vicinity, the delineated trough may have implications for future land use at the site.
Received: 4 January 1999 · Accepted: 8 March 1999 相似文献
8.
3D ground model development for an active landslide in Lias mudrocks using geophysical,remote sensing and geotechnical methods 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A. J. Merritt J. E. Chambers W. Murphy P. B. Wilkinson L. J. West D. A. Gunn P. I. Meldrum M. Kirkham N. Dixon 《Landslides》2014,11(4):537-550
A ground model of an active and complex landslide system in instability prone Lias mudrocks of North Yorkshire, UK is developed through an integrated approach, utilising geophysical, geotechnical and remote sensing investigative methods. Surface geomorphology is mapped and interpreted using immersive 3D visualisation software to interpret airborne light detection and ranging data and aerial photographs. Subsurface structure is determined by core logging and 3D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), which is deployed at two scales of resolution to provide a means of volumetrically characterising the subsurface expression of both site scale (tens of metres) geological structure, and finer (metre to sub-metre) scale earth-flow related structures. Petrophysical analysis of the borehole core samples is used to develop relationships between the electrical and physical formation properties, to aid calibration and interpretation of 3D ERT images. Results of the landslide investigation reveal that an integrated approach centred on volumetric geophysical imaging successfully achieves a detailed understanding of structure and lithology of a complex landslide system, which cannot be achieved through the use of remotely sensed data or discrete intrusive sampling alone. 相似文献
9.
The Kualiangzi landslide was triggered by heavy rainfalls in the “red beds” area of Sichuan Basin in southwestern China. Differing from other bedrock landslides, the movement of the Kualiangzi landslide was controlled by the subvertical cracks and a subhorizontal bedding plane (dip angle < 10°). The ingress of rainwater in the cracks formed a unique groundwater environment in the slope. Field measurement for rainfall, groundwater movement, and slope displacement has been made for the Kualiangzi landslide since 2013. The field monitoring system consists of two rainfall gauges, seven piezometers, five water-level gauges, and two GPS data loggers. The equipments are embedded near a longitudinal section of the landslide, where severe deformation has been observed in the past 3 years. The groundwater responses to four heavy rainfall events were analyzed between June 16 and July 24 in 2013 coincided with the flood season in Sichuan. Results showed that both of the water level and the pore-water pressure increased after each rainfall event with delay in the response time with respect to the precipitation. The maximum time lag reached 35 h occurred in a heavy rainfall event with cumulative precipitation of 127 mm; such lag effect was significantly weakened in the subsequent heavy rainfall events. In each presented rainfall event, longer infiltration period in the bedrock in the upper slope increased the response time of groundwater, compared to that of in the gravels in the lower slope. A translational landslide conceptual model was built for the Kualiangzi landslide, and the time lag was attributed to the gradual formation of the uplift pressure on the slip surface and the softening of soils at the slip surface. Another important observation is the effect on the slope movement which was caused by the water level (H w) in the transverse tension trough developed at the rear edge of the landslide. Significant negative correlation was found for H w and the slope stability factor (F s), in particular for the last two heavy rainfall events, of which the drastic increase of water level caused significant deterioration in the slope stability. The rapid drop (Δ?=?22.5 kPa) of pore-water pressure in the deep bedrock within 1 h and the large increase (Δ?=?87.3 mm) of surficial displacement were both monitored in the same period. In the end, a four-level early warning system is established through utilizing H w and the displacement rate D r as the warning indicators. When the large deformation occurred in flood season, the habitants at the leading edge of the landslide can be evacuated in time. 相似文献
10.
滑坡体水-岩(土)作用是一种复杂的物理化学综合作用,影响坡体的稳定性,但关于目前水-岩(土)相互作用对地质灾害发生方面的影响研究仍较为薄弱。以贵州省鸡场滑坡为研究对象,分析滑坡区岩土体矿物组成和化学成分特征,结合区域内基岩裂隙水、大气降水的成分变化,利用主成分分析方法,研究鸡场滑坡水-岩(土)作用过程,并分析水岩演化作用对滑坡稳定性的影响。结果表明：(1)滑体内玄武岩的风化过程是一种机械破碎-矿物蚀变耦合的水-岩相互作用,发生在“微观-细观-宏观”3种尺度上;(2)选取前3个因子Z1、Z2、Z3(分别占总方差的49.365%、27.135%、15.092%)分析地下水的化学特征,主因子Z1反映了玄武岩原生矿物的溶蚀作用对地下水化学成分的控制作用,主因子Z2反映了地下水的蒸发作用与SiO2溶解度随pH变化的矿物沉淀作用,主因子Z3反映了地下水与岩(土)体间存在离子交换作用且主参与离子为Mg2+和K+ 相似文献
11.
Cheng-Chao Lee Chieh-Hou Yang Hsing-Chang Liu Kuo-Liang Wen Zi-Bin Wang Yi-Jie Chen 《Engineering Geology》2008,98(3-4):115-125
Resistivity Image Profiling (RIP) surveys was used to develop a lithological and hydrogeological model of the subsurface in the southeastern part of Lishan landslide area of central Taiwan. The bedrock consists of slate in the study area. Based on RIP and rock samples collected from boreholes results, three electrical strata are recognized: colluvium, the shear zone composed of shear gouges and shattered slate, and the undisturbed slate formation. The steep shear zone with resistivity ranging between 100 ~ 260 Ω-m, plays a crucial role in the local hydrogeological environment, because it forms a natural barrier which blocks and retains groundwater flowing down the slope. Groundwater will brim over the barrier when the water level is high. Thus the inclined groundwater table remains stable from long-term monitoring. It strongly indicates that the groundwater recharge is greater than that of discharge. Therefore, the shear zone can provide information about the optimum locations for draining the excess groundwater in-situ for slope stability consideration.
The curved basal surface of the colluvium and the weathered slate can also be discerned from the resistivity variations and boreholes data. A series of circular patterns may associate with the main slope failure which migrated upwards from the lower slope. 相似文献
12.
考虑突变理论的顺层岩质边坡失稳研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用突变理论,以顺层岩质边坡为例,考虑地下水对滑面带介质的应变和水致弱化性质,以及地下水对边坡后缘张裂缝的水力效应,构建了边坡的尖点突变模型,分析了顺层岩质边坡失稳的力学机制：边坡失稳过程主要是内部因素和外部因素共同作用的结果,内部因素主要是地下水通过物理化学作用软化了滑面带岩体,使滑面带岩体刚度比降低,在边坡失稳的过程中起主导的定性作用;外部因素主要是指边坡后缘张裂隙的静水压力,不仅使得边坡的滑动势能增加,还对边坡造成一种扰动的作用,加速滑坡的启动。在突变分析的基础上,推导了边坡后缘张裂缝临界充水高度和临界降水强度的关系式,建立了边坡滑移破坏的水力判据;给出了边坡岩体在渐进软化过程中的位移变化规律,剪切位移并非均匀增长,而是呈现出阶梯状跳跃式上升。同时,进行了室内物理模型试验（当刚度比 ）,在一定程度上验证了考虑突变理论来分析顺层岩质边坡失稳的力学机制和边坡岩体在渐进软化过程中位移变化规律的合理性。并提出了此种类型边坡的处治技术与优化方法建议。 相似文献
13.
在对长江三峡库区马家沟滑坡表面、边界及钻孔信息提取分析的基础上,采用GIS空间插值及栅格计算,结合力学公式,对马家沟I号滑坡进行三维稳定性的计算和安全系数的分区。首先根据已知的两个钻孔滑移面信息进行空间插值,得到滑移面的初步形态; 再利用得到的滑移面与其余4个钻孔的地层信息比较,推测出其余4个钻孔的滑移面信息; 最后根据所有的钻孔信息插值得到整个滑移面的形态。在对比分析了确定滑移面空间形态的各种空间插值方法后,提出了基于少量滑移面准确信息条件下,采用径向基函数插值获得滑移面较为符合实际情况。不考虑栅格柱体之间的相互作用力,并假定滑坡体内地下水位与库水位一致,利用无限边坡安全系数计算公式,在ArcGIS栅格计算器中计算得到了马家沟I号滑坡的安全系数分区图。通过计算结果可以看出马家沟I号滑坡的不稳定区主要集中在滑体前缘,而较稳定区在前缘、中间以及后缘中间部位都有所分布; 并且随着库水位上升,边坡安全系数有一定程度的下降,特别是滑坡前缘可以被库水浸没的部分。进而可以划分出马家沟滑坡的重点防护治理部位,为马家沟滑坡的防治方案提供有价值的参考。 相似文献
14.
基于实例推理系统的滑坡预警判据研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究滑坡预警预报指标,建立了31个典型岩质滑坡组成的滑坡数据库,基于滑坡数据库、工程类比和模糊综合评判方法开发了滑坡实例推理系统。首先将滑坡特征属性分为6大项:破坏模式、滑面倾角、滑面类型、边坡岩体结构、边坡倾角、滑坡的诱发因素(降雨、地下水、水库蓄水、开挖、爆破、地震),用11个特征值表示边坡的特征属性;其次采用比值法相似度计算理论在滑坡数据库中搜索与目标边坡最相似的滑坡,通过工程类比给出滑坡预警判据建议值;最后依据模糊综合评判模型修正建议值,得到预警判据确认值,形成滑坡实例推理系统。以锦屏一级水电站为例,通过计算找到了滑坡数据库中与锦屏一级水电站左岸边坡最为相似的5个滑坡实例;其中大冶铁矿狮子山滑坡和安家岭露天矿滑坡有较为完整的变形监测数据,深入分析类似边坡变形破坏过程,分4个阶段给出了锦屏一级水电站左岸边坡预警判据建议值;并建立边坡预警判据修正的模糊综合评判模型,修正相似边坡预警判据,给出锦屏一级水电站左岸边坡进入加速变形阶段的位移速率阀值的精确区间为1.0～1.2 mm/d。 相似文献
15.
渝怀线DK385+470～DK385+700段为典型的顺层岩质边坡,当采用滑面为直线型的刚体极限平衡法进行分析计算时,由于无法考虑滑体内的层间错动对边坡稳定性的影响,直接导致稳定系数计算结果偏大。根据极限分析上限法原理,结合工程实例,提出了考虑层间错动的顺层岩质边坡极限分析上限法,并推导了这种方法的稳定系数计算公式。该方法可以将层间错动产生的内能耗散计入到虚功率方程中,因而可以考虑层间错动对边坡稳定性的影响。以渝怀线典型顺层岩质边坡为例,采用刚体极限平衡法和极限分析上限法分别进行了稳定性分析计算,结果两种方法却得出了截然相反的结论。 相似文献
16.
针对钻井工程常遇的层理性地层,以应力张量坐标转换关系和井孔应力集中方程为基础,引入弱面剪切滑动和岩体Mogi-Coulomb双强度准则,建立了分析层理性地层井壁稳定性的模型。对含层理弱面的典型油气储层中钻井的合理钻井液密度和安全钻井方向进行研究,结果表明：层理面的存在加剧了井壁围岩的破坏,且改变了围岩破坏的位置;水平井坍塌压力随着钻井方向变化而连续性变化,其在特定钻井方向取得最小坍塌压力;斜井取得最小坍塌压力的方位与层理面在空间中并不垂直,空间中关于主平面对称的斜井破裂压力相同;既可获得较大钻井液安全压力窗口又可取得较小坍塌压力的方向为优选钻井方向,在钻井液压力窗口变化大的倾向上钻井需严格控制钻井轨迹曲线。 相似文献
17.
岳西县自然斜坡在地球内、外动力共同作用下,容易变形并遭到破坏,造成人员伤亡和财产损失,严重制约了当地的经济发展。通过系统的工程地质调查和浅表生改造理论分析,查明了岳西县斜坡变形破坏特征及其成因,并探讨了其演化模式。结果表明,岳西县不同岩组的抗风化能力和力学特性存在差异,斜坡发生地质灾害的机理也不相同。根据斜坡结构特征,岳西县滑坡分为全风化层滑坡、强风化层滑坡和顺层岩质滑坡：全风化层滑坡的滑面位于全风化层中或全风化层与强风化层的分界线处;强风化层滑坡的滑面主要发育于强风化层与中风化层的分界线处;顺层岩质滑坡主要发育于片麻岩发育的顺向坡中。根据变形破坏方式,岳西县崩塌可分为滑移式崩塌、倾倒式崩塌和坠落式崩塌：滑移式崩塌主要由一组缓倾坡外结构面和另一组陡倾(坡外或者坡内)结构面控制;倾倒式崩塌主要由一组陡倾坡内结构面和另一组近水平发育的结构面控制;坠落式崩塌主要由一组结构面陡倾或近直立发育的结构面控制。岳西县滑坡多发育于风化壳厚度较大、岩体较松散、结构面强度低的地区;崩塌多发育于斜坡高陡、岩质风化程度低、结构面发育的地区。研究成果对岳西县乃至整个大别山地区地质灾害的研究及防治工作具有一定的借... 相似文献
18.
鸡尾山特大型滑坡是我国西南岩溶石山地区一种独特的大型岩质斜坡失稳模式,它得到工程地质等领域极大重视,从滑坡成因和机理、滑坡启动以及运动过程、堆积物分布、次生灾害等方面都开展了一系列研究,取得了众多成果;对于滑坡结构面和滑动面方面认为:垂直结构面由两组构成,水平滑动面则为软弱夹层。本文通过野外地质调查,样品测试、综合分析等方法,查明了滑坡区岩溶及裂隙发育特征、软弱夹层及其下伏瘤状灰岩分布特征、岩溶地下水补径排条件;发现了大量瘤状灰岩块石分布于滑坡堆积体中;深入讨论了岩溶与滑坡垂直结构面、水平滑动面的关系。主要结论:(1)存在3组垂直结构面,它们对应由3组构造裂隙经过长期溶蚀侵蚀作用后形成;(2)部分滑动面已经越过软弱夹层、进入或越过瘤状灰岩,因此,滑动面主要由顺层岩溶、岩层间弱胶结、软弱夹层等条件控制;(3)岩溶地下水对滑坡孕灾过程中垂直结构面、以及水平滑动面起到扩张作用,在滑坡启动期无水动力作用。本文研究对鸡尾山滑坡成因分析及研判有一定实际意义。 相似文献
19.
自2008 年三峡库区175 m试验性蓄水以来,受库水波动及强降雨影响,沿江库岸发生多起顺向古滑坡变形灾害。以三峡库区巫山县塔坪H1滑坡为例,结合近十年滑坡调查勘察与变形监测资料,分析了该滑坡蓄水后的变形特征。通过研究分析认为:（1）塔坪H1滑坡为顺层古岩质滑坡,岩体呈碎裂状,岩性主要为三叠系香溪组软硬相间的砂岩、泥页岩,岩层间夹多套软弱夹层,形成了多级滑带控制的滑坡变形。（2）滑坡变形分为3个区域,位移量变形最大的滑坡前缘消落带区域,最大水平位移已达80 cm,其次是处于缓慢变形状态的曲尺场镇前部区域和后部相对稳定的曲尺场镇区域。（3）数值模拟结果显示,库水位周期性波动影响着滑坡前缘涉水区域稳定性变化,短时强降雨沿岩体结构面入渗会加速滑坡中前部区域稳定性快速下降。在水位波动和短时强降雨的共同影响下,塔坪H1滑坡在每年汛期呈现缓慢变形。目前塔坪H1滑坡中前部处于持续变形阶段,亟需开展滑坡防治工程,提高滑坡稳定性,确保场镇安全。 相似文献
20.
张富荣 《地质灾害与环境保护》2007,18(3):28-32
通过总结宝兴水电站进水口边坡稳定性分析和治理的成功经验,简单介绍了由破碎岩体构成的特殊岩质边坡稳定性分析和治理的方法和措施.该边坡由块状结构的破碎岩体组成,它的破坏既不属于顺层滑动,也不同于结构面组合滑动或反坡向倾倒、崩塌等,与滑坡的最大区别在于无统一的滑动面.对该边坡的稳定性分析,首先在进行工程地质分区的基础上,确定了潜在的滑移边界,采用GEO-SLOPE计算程序进行反演分析,最终确定最危险滑移面,根据岩体和结构面的特性选取参数进行了稳定性计算.通过计算结果,确定了较为合理、可行、可靠的治理方案,取得了良好的效果. 相似文献