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为了揭示河床沉积物非均质性对潜流交换的影响,构建了沙波地形作用下的地表水-地下水耦合模型,通过生成不同的渗透系数随机场,讨论了不同地表水动力过程和河床沉积物非均质性对潜流交换通量、交换空间及平均停留时间的影响规律。结果表明,所构建的地表水-地下水耦合模型能够准确刻画水沙界面附近流场,模型具有良好的适用性;均质或非均质河床沉积物情景下,水沙界面上的平均交换通量、停留时间与雷诺数之间均呈现幂函数关系,潜流交换深度则在地表水进入完全紊流之后趋于稳定。结果还表明,较强的河床沉积物非均质性能够有效增强水沙界面上潜流交换通量和空间交换频率,但会制约潜流交换空间并缩短水流在潜流带中的停留时间。 相似文献
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为揭示河岸形态引起的侧向潜流交换规律,利用地表水与地下水双循环水槽系统,通过10组正弦型微弯河岸与4组直线型河岸的潜流交换对比试验,研究不同河岸振幅a、地表水流速u、河流水深h条件下的潜流交换特性。试验结果表明,与垂向潜流交换机理类似,侧向潜流交换也存在对流(泵吸交换)、扩散和微循环3种交换形式。河流雷诺数Re的增大,将加强紊动扩散与微循环作用。河岸弯曲形态的出现,将引起泵吸效应,大大加剧了河岸的潜流交换,且随着河岸振幅与河流流速的增大,河岸形态引起的泵吸交换将逐渐成为潜流交换前期的主要形式。 相似文献
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为研究城市小型河流中污染物的物理迁移过程规律,分析基流条件下流动水体与暂态存储区之间的滞留交互作用,采用溴化锂(LiBr)作为保守性示踪剂进行野外现场示踪试验,结合一维溶质运移存储模型(One-dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage model, OTIS)定量解析潜流交换特性,估算纵向弥散系数(D)、潜流交换面积(As)、主河道断面面积(A)和潜流交换系数(α).模型度量指标DaI值和均方根误差值结果表征参数模拟结果可靠性高,拟合效果理想.由泵入点O至下游1 300 m设置的A、B、C、D 4处监测点的模拟结果表明,水文参数D、As、A和α均随水文条件而变,OB河段(0~600 m)潜流交换能力较弱,主要以对流弥散过程为主;BD河段(600~1 300 m)具有较强的暂态存储能力,对溶质的滞留时间长;BC(600~1 000 m)和CD(1 000~1 300 m)河段交换系数分别为(3.42×10-6±0.65×10-6)s-1和(2.87×10-6±0.81×10-6 )s-1;河段BC存在2.2×10-5m3/(s·m)的侧向补给流量.4个河段对比发现,城市河流渠道化、河床沉积物贫瘠等特征导致潜流交换能力弱化. 相似文献
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潜流带是河流地表水和地下水交混区域,是河流中重要的物质能量交换和水生生物栖息的场所,而胶体颗粒在潜流带中沉积,会改变潜流带中的水动力结构和生态环境。本文利用室内循环水槽实验和多物理场耦合的数值模拟方法,旨在研究胶体颗粒在河流上覆水与潜流带中的迁移过程和胶体颗粒在潜流带中沉积分布特征及其对不同因素的响应规律。结果表明:河流上覆水中胶体会逐渐被河床截留且截留胶体集中于河床浅层;沙波水平方向截留量呈现出迎水面较高、背水面较低的趋势;胶体在潜流带沉积的主要机制是潜流交换、颗粒沉降与河床截留作用。本文能为胶体颗粒在潜流带中的生态环境作用研究提供科学依据,并为河流生态环境修复、河流健康管理提供理论支持。 相似文献
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生物作用造成河床於堵普遍存在,并受到多种环境因素的影响.以往研究较少考虑生物堵塞对潜流带氮循环的影响.采用数值模拟方法建立水流-溶质运移-生物生长耦合模型,模拟河床驱动下的潜流交换过程,探讨生物堵塞作用对氮素迁移转化的影响.研究表明:生物作用导致沙丘表面形成堵塞层和生物聚集区,并限制了NO_3~-的运移深度,潜流带中以NH_4~-为主;河水中充足的有机碳会增大堵塞程度,促进反硝化作用去除NO_3~-;强烈的河床起伏和较大的河流流速均会增大沙丘表面的压力差,增大堵塞范围和细菌生物量,从而加快硝化和反硝化作用速率,有利于NO_3~-、NH_4~-的去除.生物堵塞作用有利于氮污染物的去除,且主要受到河床表面的压力梯度和异养细菌生物量的影响. 相似文献
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为对比水库下游河岸带冬夏季潜流交换特征及温度场分布规律,在新安江大坝下游开展了河道水、河岸带地下水的水位与温度监测,并结合达西定律推广式等理论进行了分析。结果表明:不论冬夏季,侧向潜流交换量与河道水位呈逆时针“绳套”关系,且离河道越近潜流交换强度越大;冬、夏季潜流交换强度与补给方式存在明显不同,在近河岸处单宽交换总体积分别为55.23 m3（周）、75.08 m3（周）,夏季主要为河道补给河岸带,冬季相反,此外,夏季交换范围更大且交换更快;河岸带温度场受低温波动水影响显著,在垂直方向上夏季表现为“上暖下凉”,冬季相反,在水平方向上夏季低温传播距离较大,且具有明显的分区。因此,在水库下游河流生态治理过程中,应适当考虑不同季节的影响。 相似文献
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河岸沿线的压强梯度是河岸侧向潜流交换及河岸带物质和能量传递的主要驱动力。为揭示微弯河岸边界的扰动压强分布规律和主要影响因素,利用室内变坡水槽系统,制作不同体形的正弦形河道模型,实测一个周期波长的河岸表面压强水头,研究河岸不同分层、不同弯曲程度和不同水流条件下的沿线压强分布特性,并进行影响因素的敏感性分析。试验结果表明,在缓流条件下正弦形微弯河岸的沿线扰动压强分布呈曲线形波动,不同分层的压强分布规律大体相同。在河岸弯曲程度较小时,压强波动的峰值与谷值分别出现于凹岸和凸岸的曲率最大位置。河岸沿线扰动压强的变化主要受河岸振幅与波长比a/λ和来流弗劳德数Fr的影响,敏感性分析表明a/λ比Fr的影响更为显著。 相似文献
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河流对地下水的补给过程研究是科学认识水循环规律及地下水资源可持续管理的基础。河床沉积层与其下伏潜水含水层岩性差异是河流下伏含水层的主要结构特征,也是控制河流对地下水补给过程的主要因素。为揭示含水介质分层结构特征影响下河流对地下水的补给过程,基于黄河干流河南段野外试验结果,建立了地表水地下水相互作用概念模型,并以地下水流路径为对象,精细刻画了地表水地下水的相互作用过程。结果表明：(1)河流对地下水的补给量主要受河床沉积层渗透性影响,河床沉积层厚度变化对河流向地下水的补给量影响不大。即：河床低渗透性沉积物的存在是河流向地下水补给量降低的主要原因,当河床沉积层与其下伏含水层厚度比(HS/H)由0增大为0.125时,河流向地下水补给量的减小幅度达72%。(2)与均质条件相比,河床沉积层渗透性及其厚度变化均明显改变了河水向地下水补给的水流路径及径流时间。随着河床沉积物与下伏含水层渗透系数比KU/KL的增大,河水向地下水补给的水流路径穿透深度增大,径流时间延长。(3)河流对地下水的补给量及地下水径流时间对低渗透性河床沉积层渗透系数的敏感性随渗透系数的减小... 相似文献
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Significant spatial variability of water fluxes may exist at the water-sediment interface in river channels and has great influence on a variety of water issues. Understanding the complicated flow systems controlling the flux exchanges along an entire river is often limited due to averaging of parameters or the small number of discrete point measurements usually used. This study investigated the spatial pattern of the hyporheic flux exchange across a river transect in China, using the heat tracing approach. This was done with measurements of temperature at high spatial resolution during a 64-h monitoring period and using the data to identify the spatial pattern of the hyporheic exchange flux with the aid of a one-dimensional conduction-advection-dispersion model (VFLUX). The threshold of neutral exchange was considered as 126 L m?2 d?1 in this study and the heat tracing results showed that the change patterns of vertical hyporheic flux varied with buried depth along the river transect; however, the hyporheic flux was not simply controlled by the streambed hydraulic conductivity and water depth in the river transect. Also, lateral flow dominated the hyporheic process within the shallow high-permeability streambed, while the vertical flow was dominant in the deep low-permeability streambed. The spatial pattern of hyporheic exchange across the river transect was naturally controlled by the heterogeneity of the streambed and the bedform of the stream cross-section. Consequently, a two-dimensional conceptual illustration of the hyporheic process across the river transect is proposed, which could be applicable to river transects of similar conditions. 相似文献
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潜流交换研究涉及地表水-地下水系统交互作用的物理机制、影响因素和生化作用等方面,是近年来水文学、生态学、环境学等学科的研究热点。潜流交换过程包含水流运动、溶质运移以及能量传输过程。以稳态流动条件作为控制因素的潜流交换研究成果已经不能满足相关学科发展的要求。因此,近年来非稳态潜流交换过程的研究及其成果渐受关注。当前相关研... 相似文献
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An experimental study into the geometry of supply-limited dunes 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The relationship between dune geometry and the volume of mobile sediment was studied in flume experiments. In these flume experiments, the volume of mobile sediment on top of an immobile coarse sediment layer was increased stepwise and the bedform characteristics were observed. A strong relationship was found between the volume that is mobile – and therefore available for bedform formation – and the dune dimensions and regularity. If the sediment supply is limited, dunes are smaller and more regular. Series of experiments with a decreasing supply limitation were conducted for different flow velocities and water depths. The relationship between the dune dimensions and the available volume is different for each series. The observed relationships between dune dimensions and layer thickness collapse to one relationship for height and one for length if scaling parameters are introduced. Current models for bedform dimensions under alluvial conditions can be extended to partial transport conditions using this relationship. 相似文献
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In terms of the research on groundwater–surface water heat-tracing methods, investigation of the interactions within the compound system of the groundwater–surface water–hyporheic zone can effectively reveal the relevant physicochemical processes and microbial properties. The evaluation of these properties represents a key component in qualitative and quantitative research on groundwater–surface water interactions. Therefore, this paper reviews the research results on groundwater–surface water interactions achieved by related researchers using heat as a natural tracer over the last decade. In connection with the application of heat-tracing theory to the basic principles of hyporheic exchange between groundwater and surface water, research on groundwater–surface water interaction through one-dimensional steady-state and transient-state heat transport analytical models, techniques to collect and analyze temperature time series data, and numerical simulation technology is reviewed. In addition, directions for future research using groundwater–surface water heat-tracing methods are suggested. First, hypothetical, difficult temperature boundary and hydrogeological conditions require further research. Second, hydrodynamic exchange capacity and the processes of heat exchange and solute concentration exchange in the hyporheic zone alongside riverbeds should be appropriately and accurately measured under multi-scale influences. Third, the overall study of the heat transport process inside the hyporheic zone induced by complex riverbed forms should be performed, and the response mechanism of riverbed hyporheic exchanges driven by riverbed form, the hydrodynamic force of surface water, and sediment permeability should be revealed. The objectives and goals of this paper are to encourage scholars interested in analyzing groundwater–surface water interactions using heat as a tracer to creatively solve practical problems and to improve the ecological functions of river aquatic habitats through new research results. 相似文献
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Mauricio M. Perillo James L. Best Miwa Yokokawa Tomohiro Sekiguchi Tomohiro Takagawa Marcelo H. Garcia 《Sedimentology》2014,61(7):2063-2085
The development of bedforms under unidirectional, oscillatory and combined‐flows results from temporal changes in sediment transport, flow and morphological response. In such flows, the bedform characteristics (for example, height, wavelength and shape) change over time, from their initiation to equilibrium with the imposed conditions, even if the flow conditions remain unchanged. These variations in bedform morphology during development are reflected in the sedimentary structures preserved in the rock record. Hence, understanding the time and morphological development in which bedforms evolve to an equilibrium stage is critical for informed reconstruction of the ancient sedimentary record. This article presents results from a laboratory flume study on bedform development and equilibrium development time conducted under purely unidirectional, purely oscillatory and combined‐flow conditions, which aimed to test and extend an empirical model developed in past work solely for unidirectional ripples. The present results yield a unified model for bedform development and equilibrium under unidirectional, oscillatory and combined‐flows. The experimental results show that the processes of bedform genesis and growth are common to all types of flows, and can be characterized into four stages: (i) incipient bedforms; (ii) growing bedforms; (iii) stabilizing bedforms; and (iv) fully developed bedforms. Furthermore, the development path of bedform; growth exhibits the same general trend for different flow types (for example, unidirectional, oscillatory and combined‐flows), bedform size (for example, small versus large ripples), bedform shape (for example, symmetrical or rounded), bedform planform geometry (for example, two‐dimensional versus three‐dimensional), flow velocities and sediment grain sizes. The equilibrium time for a wide range of bed configurations was determined and found to be inversely proportional to the sediment transport flux occurring for that flow condition. 相似文献
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以澜沧江漫湾水库库区洲滩为研究对象,依据水库运行导致的水位波动特征,同步监测洲滩内部水位、水温变化过程,核算洲滩侧向潜流交换量,建立水温与水位之间的响应关系,分析潜流交换水流路径上溶解氧、溶解性碳素变化。结果表明:水库运行引起洲滩水位周期性波动,侧向潜流交换加强,洲滩水位最大变幅达2.2 m,水库一次蓄泄过程进出洲滩的水量达3 956 m^3,洲滩边缘区潜流交换量为中心区的4~5倍;在涨水过程中,洲滩水温下降,中底层温度梯度较大,而在落水过程中,洲滩水温上升,中表层温度梯度较大;溶解氧、溶解性有机碳和无机碳在河流至洲滩潜流交换路径上同步递减,分别从3.27 mg/L、7.3 mg/L和66.0 mg/L下降至0.17 mg/L、2.4mg/L和40.6 mg/L。水库运行导致的水位波动加强了库区洲滩潜流交换,对河流物质循环产生潜在影响。 相似文献