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1.
大规模压气储能洞室稳定性和洞周应变分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地下储气构造物是压气储能(CAES)电站选址的决定因素,其中人工开挖的硬岩洞室因其受地质构造限制小、适应范围广而备受关注。针对压气储能地下洞室方案选型和密闭性要求,选择了典型的洞室埋深(200、300、500 m),考虑不同的洞室形式(隧道式和大罐式)和洞室尺寸,采用Abaqus有限元软件计算出高内气压下压气储能洞室围岩的塑性区和洞周应变。通过分析开挖后和充气后两个工况下围岩的受力和变形特征,获得合适的洞室形式。当围岩级别为Ⅱ级、内压为10 MPa的情况下,埋深为300 m的圆形洞室和大罐式洞室稳定性较好,该埋深下6 m直径圆形洞室最大洞周应变为7.55410??,容积为5 310 m大罐式洞室最大洞周应变为5.54410??,以上值都在一般橡胶类高分子密封材料的正常工作范围内,这为密封材料在不同温度下的延伸率和耐久性研究提供了基础数据。 相似文献
2.
Mechanical responses induced by temperature and air pressure significantly affect the stability and durability of underground compressed air energy storage (CAES) in a lined rock cavern. An analytical solution for evaluating such responses is, thus, proposed in this paper. The lined cavern of interest consists of three layers, namely, a sealing layer, a concrete lining and the host rock. Governing equations for cavern temperature and air pressure, which involve heat transfer between the air and surrounding layers, are established first. Then, Laplace transform and superposition principle are applied to obtain the temperature around the lined cavern and the air pressure during the operational period. Afterwards, a thermo-elastic axisymmetrical model is used to analytically determine the stress and displacement variations induced by temperature and air pressure. The developments of temperature, displacement and stress during a typical operational cycle are discussed on the basis of the proposed approach. The approach is subsequently verified with a coupled compressed air and thermo-mechanical numerical simulation and by a previous study on temperature. Finally, the influence of temperature on total stress and displacement and the impact of the heat transfer coefficient are discussed. This paper shows that the temperature sharply fluctuates only on the sealing layer and the concrete lining. The resulting tensile hoop stresses on the sealing layer and concrete lining are considerably large in comparison with the initial air pressure. Moreover, temperature has a non-negligible effect on the lined cavern for underground compressed air storage. Meanwhile, temperature has a greater effect on hoop and longitudinal stress than on radial stress and displacement. In addition, the heat transfer coefficient affects the cavern stress to a higher degree than the displacement. 相似文献
4.
利用地下岩穴进行压缩空气储能是大规模能源存储的可行方式之一。压缩空气地下储存库建设的核心任务是保证储气库的密封性和洞室结构安全性。为了验证浅埋地下储气库的可行性,在湖南平江抽水蓄能电站勘探平硐的花岗岩地层内建造了国内第1个硬岩浅埋衬砌地下储气室,并进行了10次完整的压缩空气充放气循环试验。试验结果表明：储气室内压缩空气温度场呈现出显著不均匀分布的特性,温控系统可以有效地控制储气室的温度变化过程。长时高压储气条件下,试验库的漏气率约为充气率的3.2%,试验库密封性能良好。在8.7 MPa的内压作用下围岩的最大变形量只有0.35 mm左右,高内压引起的变形影响区在10 m范围内,围岩变形安全性良好。试验成果有助于全面深入地认识高压地下储气库的工作性能,并为压气储能地下储气库的设计提供有益参考。 相似文献
5.
The compressed air energy storage(CAES) is a much-awaited new system for load leveling power supply. An economical system must be developed, preventing leakage of stored air (with pressures of more than 20 atm) using groundwater pressure surrounding an unlined cavern in hard rock. The air tightness of the rock around the cavern must be confirmed. In this study, the hydrogeology of the test site was examined prior to field air tightness tests in the borehole. The results indicate that, when evaluating the hydrogeology of the test site related to the air tightness of rocks, it is necessary to understand the geological structure and fracture characteristics of the site. This is done by means of a field survey, investigations and tests in and between the boreholes, and the examination of the distribution of permeability and pore water pressures. 相似文献
6.
Characterizing Excavation Damaged Zone and Stability of Pressurized Lined Rock Caverns for Underground Compressed Air Energy Storage 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Hyung-Mok Kim Jonny Rutqvist Ju-Hwan Jeong Byung-Hee Choi Dong-Woo Ryu Won-Kyong Song 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(5):1113-1124
In this paper, we investigate the influence of the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) on the geomechanical performance of compressed air energy storage (CAES) in lined rock caverns. We conducted a detailed characterization of the EDZ in rock caverns that have been excavated for a Korean pilot test program on CAES in (concrete) lined rock caverns at shallow depth. The EDZ was characterized by measurements of P- and S-wave velocities and permeability across the EDZ and into undisturbed host rock. Moreover, we constructed an in situ concrete lining model and conducted permeability measurements in boreholes penetrating the concrete, through the EDZ and into the undisturbed host rock. Using the site-specific conditions and the results of the EDZ characterization, we carried out a model simulation to investigate the influence of the EDZ on the CAES performance, in particular related to geomechanical responses and stability. We used a modeling approach including coupled thermodynamic multiphase flow and geomechanics, which was proven to be useful in previous generic CAES studies. Our modeling results showed that the potential for inducing tensile fractures and air leakage through the concrete lining could be substantially reduced if the EDZ around the cavern could be minimized. Moreover, the results showed that the most favorable design for reducing the potential for tensile failure in the lining would be a relatively compliant concrete lining with a tight inner seal, and a relatively stiff (uncompliant) host rock with a minimized EDZ. Because EDZ compliance depends on its compressibility (or modulus) and thickness, care should be taken during drill and blast operations to minimize the damage to the cavern walls. 相似文献
7.
Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a potential energy storage technology. The gas phase and short cycle period are two key factors affecting heat transfer loss in the wellbore of CAES. A semi-analytical solution was developed by using the convolution method considering gas movement in this study to describe the transient behavior of heat transfer with a short cycle period. The comparative analysis of the presented solution with two published solutions showed that the solution matched well with the previous solutions under steady state. Parametric studies were carried out to investigate the impact of injection rate, overall heat transfer coefficient and thermal diffusivity of the formation on heat loss in the wellbore. The results indicated that a low overall heat transfer coefficient and thermal diffusivity of the formation with an appropriate injection rate can efficiently reduce the heat loss. A hypothetical case study with a short cycle period of injection and production was conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the developed solution in CAES. The results suggest that the semi-analytical solution is applicable for heat transfer in the wellbore of CAES. 相似文献
8.
山西西龙池抽水蓄能电站地下厂房围岩为水平薄层岩层,工程竣工发电已多年,施工及运行期安全,但工程开工前,还没有在水平薄层岩体中开挖大跨度高边墙地下洞室的成功范例,鉴于此,以山西西龙池抽水蓄能电站工程为依托,从工程地质角度,对水平薄层围岩岩性特征、岩体结构特征、岩体力学特性、大跨度高边墙地下洞室围岩分类、围岩变形特征等方面进行了研究,依据研究成果,对洞室开挖支护施工、围岩变形监测等进行了分析,依据围岩变形监测成果对围岩力学参数进行了反演,验证了前期勘察成果,取得了在水平薄层状地质环境中开挖大型地下洞室的宝贵经验,进而为在水平薄层状地质体中修建大跨度、高边墙地下洞室提供了更多的技术支持,对此类不良地质条件下大型地下洞室群建设具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
9.
The storage of petroleum products above ground surface has many constraints and limitations. A viable alternative is to excavate large underground spaces in rock to provide a safer way for oil storage. Soft rock formations such as salt domes provide suitable conditions from environmental and operational aspects. The potential for high volume storage and low permeability are among advantages of oil storage in caverns excavated in salt rocks. The complicated shape of oil storage caverns, complex behavior of salt rock, and boundary conditions associated with large underground openings are major challenges in the design of salt caverns excavated for oil storage purposes. In this study, the deformation mechanism and stability of salt caverns were investigated. A comprehensive 3D numerical study was carried out to investigate the effects of cavern size and depth, salt rock deformation modulus, and ground in‐situ stress regime on the behavior of large salt caverns. The stress field and deformation mechanisms were studied numerically aiming at shedding lights into the design aspects of salt caverns for oil storage. The analysis results show that the cavern safety factor is reduced as a function of cavern depth and storage volume. Also, with decrease in k (ratio of horizontal to vertical in‐situ stress), the stability of salt caverns will increase; however, with increase in salt rock young modulus, the sensitivity of cavern stability to k ratio is reduced. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
我国地下水封油库多建造在沿海地区陆地岸线以内,在海岛建造地下水封油库尚未有先例。海岛四周为海水包围,地下洞室的开挖会导致海水入侵,影响地下油库的使用寿命。为保证地下洞库的水封可靠性需布置水幕系统,现今已建油库的水幕系统多以水平水幕为主,尚未有专门针对竖直水幕系统水封可靠性的相关研究。竖直水幕系统相比于水平水幕系统具有操作简单、对原岩扰动小等优点,且可以起到对海水的"屏障"作用,因此开展海岛环境下地下水封油库竖直水幕系统的水封可靠性研究具有重要意义。论文采用数值模拟方法,研究竖直水幕孔的布置方式,根据正交试验确定竖直水幕孔的最佳布置参数;以浙江某海岛地下水封油库为依托,通过无水幕、设置水平水幕和设置竖直水幕3种情况的对比分析,研究竖直水幕系统的水封可靠性。研究得出:在只设置竖直水幕系统情况下,可以满足水封条件,且相较于水平水幕系统,竖直水幕系统可以更好地隔绝相邻主洞室间的串油。该研究成果为海岛环境下地下水封油库水幕系统优化设置提供了理论依据。 相似文献
11.
煤炭资源在我国能源结构中仍处于主体地位,但煤炭工业发展面临着“碳达峰碳中和”的新挑战。积极发展煤炭开发地下空间储能技术,是推动能源利用低碳化和清洁化的有效手段,也是保证我国能源战略安全的关键措施。结合当前储能技术,探讨了煤炭开发地下空间的利用现状,围绕利用煤炭开发地下空间抽水蓄能、热储能、压缩空气储能、电化学储能、生物质储能等储能新技术,重点阐述废弃矿井不同能源类型的储能理念及方式,系统分析储能过程中面临的地质保障关键技术难题。煤炭开发地下空间储能新技术总体思路为：利用煤炭开发地下空间所具有的低位势能差,将其用作梯级储水库(抽水蓄能);或直接将其用作储质、储能空间(热储能、压缩空气储能、电化学储能、生物质储能),既可提升煤炭开发地下空间资源的开发利用率,又可避免土地资源浪费,尽量降低对生态环境的扰动。虽然煤炭开发地下空间可作为大规模储能库,但其开发利用过程仍存在一些亟待解决的地质问题以及地质保障技术。主要包括：(1)地质条件与选址适宜性分析和安全性评价,即对储能空间的地质因素进行岩土工程性质和环境地质条件的系统研究,查明储能空间稳定性主控因素及其权重,构建选址指标体系与评价方法,重点查... 相似文献
12.
A finite element model is developed to simulate the behaviour of an aquifer used as storage space for a compressed air energy storage (CAES) system. The governing equations describing a two-phase flow of air and water are coupled non-linear partial differential equations and are solved by the Galerkin approach. The resulting computer model is applied to a gas percolation problem. Upon verification of the numerical results, the model is employed to simulate the air-water displacement in a storage reservoir during daily air cycling. The corresponding saturation variations and the effects of reservoir permeability on the system are presented. The results obtained are essential in establishing storage design and stability criteria for long-term operation of compressed air energy storage systems. 相似文献
13.
Zhechao Wang Shucai Li Liping Qiao Jiangang Zhao 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(6):1603-1615
A series of laboratory tests were performed to examine the fatigue behavior of granite subjected to cyclic loading under triaxial compression condition. In these tests, the influences of volumetric change and residual strain on the deformation modulus of granite under triaxial cyclic compression were investigated. It is shown that the fatigue behavior of granite varies with the tendency for volumetric change in triaxial cyclic compression tests. In the stress–strain space, there are three domains for fatigue behavior of rock subjected to cyclic loading, namely the volumetric compaction, volumetric dilation with strain-hardening behavior, and volumetric dilation with strain-softening behavior domains. In the different domains, the microscopic mechanisms for rock deformation are different. It was also found that the stress level corresponding to the transition from volumetric compaction to volumetric dilation could be considered as the threshold for fatigue failure. The potential of fatigue deformation was compared with that of plastic deformation. The comparison shows that rocks exhibit higher resistances to volumetric deformation under cyclic loading than under plastic loading. The influence of residual strain on the fatigue behavior of rock was also investigated. It was found that the axial residual strain could be a better option to describe the fatigue behavior of rock than the loading cycle number. A constitutive model for the fatigue behavior of rock subjected to cyclic loading is proposed according to the test results and discussion. In the model, the axial residual strain is considered as an internal state variable. The influences of confining pressure and peak deviatoric stress on the deformation modulus are considered in a term named the equivalent stress. Comparison of test results with model predictions shows that the proposed model is capable of describing the prepeak fatigue behavior of rock subjected to cyclic loading. 相似文献
14.
内衬式岩洞高压储气库兼具抽取率高、循环能力强,且能承受更高的内压力等优点,克服了传统压缩空气储能系统的诸多缺陷,是一种应用前景广阔的储能方式。论文以洞室埋深、内径和间距等3个最主要的储气库布局参数为影响因素,采用ABAQUS有限元软件基于正交试验设计模拟工况,以关键点的位移和塑性区面积作为评价指标,通过单因素试验研究了洞室间距、埋深及内径对围岩变形和稳定性的影响规律,提出了洞室群优化布局建议。研究表明:洞室埋深是影响储气库围岩变形和塑性区面积的最显著因素,其次为洞距和洞径;随着埋深的增大洞室围岩塑性区的发育区域得到有效的抑制,且塑性区主要分布于洞室顶部;增大洞距可有效削弱高内压对围岩的启裂效应;衬砌的最大拉应力主要分布在结构的顶部和底部,增大埋深或减小高径比都有助于提高衬砌的稳定性;综合分析表明储气库群的最优布局方案为埋深400 m、内径42 m、间距60 m。研究成果为内衬式高压储气库群的优化布局和稳定性评价提供了参考依据。 相似文献
15.
层状盐岩中储备库油气渗漏风险的故障树分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
油气渗漏是盐岩地下储备库事故的重要类型之一,具有突发性强、损失难以估计的特点。针对国内层状盐岩中储备库运营过程中的油气渗漏风险进行分析,揭示了油气渗漏事故的发生机制并建立了相应的故障树模型。通过对该模型的分析,找出了事故发生的各基本致因事件和故障模式,并得出适用于典型层状盐岩储备库油气渗漏事故的发生概率公式。分析结果表明,国内层状盐岩中储备库发生油气渗漏事故的可能故障模式有28种,且发生条件易于满足而难于防范,因此事故发生的可能性较大;按照各基本事件结构重要度的计算结果,盐岩强度低、盐岩蠕变过量、附近有断层、地震、造腔参数控制不当、非均匀地应力、人为操作失误等是层状盐岩中储备库油气渗漏事故的主要致因事件,并据此提出有效措施防止事故发生;通过专家调查法和故障树法的综合分析得出,金坛盐矿5口老腔储库在近10年的运营期内发生油气渗漏事故的概率为0.703%,属于偶发性事故。 相似文献
16.
地下洞室岩体加速度过大易造成围岩的不稳定,通过由模型试验得到的加速度-时程曲线分析,研究了爆炸荷载作用下不同锚固参数洞室围岩的加速度响应特征。分别阐述了洞室拱顶、底板、两帮加速度时程曲线的形态及其峰值大小,重点比较了洞室围岩因锚杆加固方式的不同对爆炸产生加速度响应的差异,结果表明,拱顶垂直和右帮水平加速度-时程曲线较光滑,而底板和左帮垂直加速度-时程曲线存在较大震动;洞室拱顶加速度峰值最大;4个洞室中锚杆间距最小的洞室,其拱顶、两帮加速度比其他洞室的小,而底板加速度比其他洞室的略大,可见减小锚杆间距可以增加洞室稳定性。 相似文献
17.
A thermodynamic framework is proposed to couple the effect of mechanical stress and temperature on crack opening and closure in rocks. The model is based on continuum damage mechanics, with damage defined as the second-order crack density tensor. The free energy of the damaged rock is expressed as a function of deformation, temperature, and damage. The damage criterion captures mode I crack propagation, the reduction in toughness due to heating, and the increase in energy release rate with cumulated damage. Crack closure is modeled through unilateral effects produced on rock stiffness. The model was calibrated and verified against published experimental data. Thermo-mechanical crack opening (resp. closure) was studied by simulating a triaxial compression test (resp. uniaxial extension test), including a thermal loading phase. The degradation of stiffness due to tensile stress and recovery of stiffness induced by both mechanical and thermo-mechanical unilateral effects are well captured. The thermo-mechanical energy release rate increases with thermal dilation and also decreases with ambient temperature. It was observed that there is a temperature threshold, below which the rock behaves elastically. A parametric study also showed that the model can capture hardening and softening during thermo-mechanical closure (for specific sets of parameters). These numerical observations may guide the choice of rock material used in geotechnical design, especially for nuclear waste disposals or compressed-air storage facilities. 相似文献
18.
An Elasto-Plastic Constitutive Model for Rock Joints Under Cyclic Loading and Constant Normal Stiffness Conditions 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
An elasto-plastic constitutive model is introduced for rock joints under cyclic loading, considering the additional shear resistance generated by the asperity damage in the first forward shear cycle and sliding mechanism for further shearing. A series of cyclic loading direct shear tests was conducted on artificial joints with triangular asperities and replicas of a real rock asperity surface under constant normal stiffness (CNS) conditions. The model was calibrated and then validated using selected data sets from the experimental results. Model simulations were found to be in good agreement with the rock joints behaviour under cyclic loading and CNS conditions both in stress prediction and dilation behaviour. In addition, dynamic stability analysis of an underground structure was carried out, using Universal Distinct Element Code and the proposed constitutive model. 相似文献
19.
能源储备地下库群稳定性与连锁破坏分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
基于变形加固理论关于结构失稳的严格定义及其集合逻辑表述,提出了基于不平衡力和最小塑性余能原理的地下储库群稳定性判别方法。在非平衡态弹塑性力学框架下,将经典有限元拓展到结构失稳后的分析,塑性余能范数即可作为库群失稳判据,而不平衡力及其发展则表征了库群失稳破坏的形态和演化路径。研究了单储库的稳定性、双储库结构在不同储库间距条件下的整体稳定性及连锁破坏规律,并应用于金坛盐矿油气储库群的稳定性分析和连锁破坏模拟计算分析。研究表明,不平衡力和塑性余能范数用来定量评价地下储库的稳定性是合适的。变形加固理论为评价库群整体稳定性、研究储库间相互作用以及破坏的时空演化提供了定量实用的分析方法,为地下储库群的灾变机制与防护研究打下基础。 相似文献
20.
Error-controlled implicit time integration of elasto-visco-plastic constitutive models for rock salt
The mechanical behavior of rock salt is rate-dependent at different time scales. Using caverns in rock salt formations for renewable energy storage implies that the underground structures are subjected to both short-term and long-term loads, increasing robustness and flexibility requirements for numerical simulators used to assess the safety of such structures. So far, explicit time integration with model-specific heuristics for time-step size determination dominate in application studies. In this paper, the suitability of error-controlled adaptive time-integration schemes of the diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta type is investigated in comparison with the Backward Euler and Crank-Nicolson schemes when applied to the integration of typical elasto-visco-plastic constitutive models of rock salt. The comparison is made both for monotonic and for cyclic loads as well as taking account of thermo-mechanical coupling. Analyses of the time-integration errors and the time step-size evolution show the suitability of the integration scheme for these material models. The automatic adjustment of the time-step size was found to be robust across all material models and boundary conditions as well as for non-isothermal situations for a single algorithmic parameter set. 相似文献