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福建罗源湾潮滩沉积过程对人类活动和台风事件的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
潮滩地区是人类活动和台风事件影响最为显著的地区之一,利用潮滩沉积记录可以提取影响区域重大人类活动和台风事件的历史变化。罗源湾潮滩中上部盐沼和光滩柱状沉积物粒度分析结果显示,罗源湾潮滩沉积物以细颗粒为主,盐沼内部和潮滩中上部光滩柱状沉积物平均粒径分别为5.41~45.00 μm和5.4~68.82 μm,但在不同深度出现多次沉积物变粗的现象;利用210Pb测试计算得到的沉积速率分别为1.96 cm/a和1.23 cm/a;近年来的围填海活动导致潮间带地区沉积速率显著增大,互花米草的引种也进一步导致潮间带上部沉积速率增大。台风的强烈影响使得潮间带沉积出现间断,在沉积间断界面出现沉积物粒度变粗的现象,由此推断了近170年来显著影响罗源湾地区的台风事件沉积层的位置,并由此计算了不同时段的沉积速率。根据柱状沉积物粒度分析结果,不仅可以反演近百年来的对罗源湾产生重要影响的台风事件,也可以反演20世纪50年代以来罗源湾经历的几次较大规模的人类活动。 相似文献
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《地质学报》2017,(2)
通过对渤海莱州湾GK138、GK111及GK95孔的255个沉积物样品中的有孔虫定量统计分析,共鉴定出底栖有孔虫15属32种。根据底栖有孔虫的丰度和分异度等分布特征和AMS14 C和光释光(OSL)测年结果,揭示晚第四纪以来研究区共发育3套海相地层,分别是中更新世晚期的第三海相层、晚更新世的第二海相层和全新世的第一海相层,通过与全球海面变化曲线对比,发现其与MIS7、MIS5和MIS1阶段的高海面有良好的对应关系。样品的Q型聚类及主成分分析划分出3组代表不同沉积环境的有孔虫化石组合,第Ⅲ化石组合带为中更新世晚期海侵的产物,为河口-滨岸浅海环境。第Ⅱ化石组合为晚更新世海侵的产物,为潮间带-潮下带沉积环境,第Ⅰ化石组合带为潮上带-潮间带沉积环境。海相地层顶、底板高程和厚度的分析结果显示中更新世晚期至晚更新世期间发生过不同期次、不同强度的构造活动,而进入全新世以后构造活动相对减弱。 相似文献
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通过对渤海莱州湾GK138、GK111及GK95孔的255个沉积物样品中的有孔虫定量统计分析,共鉴定出底栖有孔虫15属32种。根据底栖有孔虫的丰度和分异度等分布特征和AMS14C和光释光（OSL）测年结果,揭示晚第四纪以来研究区共发育3套海相地层,分别是中更新世晚期的第三海相层、晚更新世的第二海相层和全新世的第一海相层,通过与全球海面变化曲线对比,发现其与MIS7、MIS5和MIS1阶段的高海面有良好的对应关系。样品的Q型聚类及主成分分析划分出3组代表不同沉积环境的有孔虫化石组合,第III化石组合带为中更新世晚期海侵的产物,为河口-滨岸浅海环境。第Ⅱ化石组合为晚更新世海侵的产物,为潮间带-潮下带沉积环境,第I化石组合带为潮上带-潮间带沉积环境。海相地层顶、底板高程和厚度的分析结果显示中更新世晚期至晚更新世期间发生过不同期次、不同强度的构造活动,而进入全新世以后构造活动相对减弱。 相似文献
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台风风暴潮影响下潮滩沉积动力模拟初探--以江苏如东海岸为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以江苏如东潮滩为研究区,采用沉积动力学垂向二维概念模型来模拟正常天气和台风期间潮滩沉积的空间分布特征,探讨台风风暴潮对潮滩正常沉积层序的改造作用.模拟结果表明,在涨落潮时间-流速对称特征明显的如东海岸,潮汐作用使潮滩沉积呈显著的分带性,且剖面形态向“双凸形”演化,两个“凸点”分别位于平均高潮位和平均低潮位附近.在台风期间风暴增水效应下,开边界悬沙浓度差异将导致潮滩冲淤和沉积分布格局的变化,潮上带和潮间带上部均堆积泥质沉积物,潮间带中下部在风暴过程中普遍遭受不同程度的砂质沉积物侵蚀或之后堆积泥质沉积物,在沉积层序中形成风暴冲刷面.因此,潮滩的风暴沉积记录存在于潮间带上部或更高部位.以此模型为基础,可进一步综合考虑极浅水边界层水动力结构、沉积物粒度分布变化、波-流联合作用、台风降水、互花米草等生物活动、潮沟摆动及人工围垦等因素,从而建立风暴事件在沉积层序中的时间序列,更好地解译沉积记录中的古环境信息. 相似文献
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以江苏中部淤长型泥质潮滩为例,建立了基于过程的潮滩动力地貌演变数学模型,研究了在沿岸潮流作用、供沙充分情况下双凸形潮滩横剖面形成机制。在向岸方向,流速自潮下带至低潮位线附近急速减小,潮间带区域流速则缓慢减小,泥沙在流速急变区域迅速堆积形成上凸点。潮下带中部在小潮期的淤积量大于大潮期冲刷量,总体淤积率较高;加之潮间带中部较弱的落潮流不足以将其上风处底沙掀动并向海输运,导致落潮后期潮下带上部含沙量小、沉积率相对较低,最终在潮下带中部形成下凸点。随着滩面淤长抬升,上、下凸点位置逐步向高、低潮位线附近移动。与前人关于双凸形剖面形成机制的定性分析成果相比,尚有不一致之处,需通过现场观测等进一步探讨。 相似文献
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对南黄海辐射沙脊群海域123个表层沉积物样品中的有孔虫埋葬群进行了分析,发现其中浮游有孔虫含量低,平均不到7%,其分布与外海潮流有关,底栖有孔虫以浅水广盐性属种为主。通过对研究区至少在3个样品中含量大于2%的59个底栖有孔虫属种的Q型因子分析,提取了3个底栖有孔虫组合,结合沉积物粒度特征、现代海洋环境要素,将研究区划分成3个环境分区:(1)辐射沙脊群主干沙脊及大型潮流通道区,对应Ammonia beccarii vars.-Nonion akitaense-Cribrononion frigidum组合。该区可再分为两个亚区:辐射沙脊群主干沙脊及大型潮流通道北部亚区,代表受低温沿岸流和潮流影响的强水动力近岸砂质沉积环境;辐射沙脊群南部长江口偏北部亚区,反映强潮流的河口、低盐缺氧环境,兼受外海悬浮泥沙的影响。(2)海州湾及废黄河口区,对应Ammonia compressiuscula-Spiroloculina laevigata-Elphidium advenum组合,代表粉砂、黏土质底质,和水深50 m以浅的浅海环境。(3)辐射沙脊南部近岸浅水区,对应Nonion anomalinoidea-Ammonia maruhasii-Ammonia pauciloculata组合,反映了粉砂及砂质底质的近岸浅水、低盐潮间带和潮下带环境。总之,辐射沙脊群海域底栖有孔虫种群的分布,不仅受海水温盐、水深影响显著,还与此区独特的水动力条件,即外海潮波与内陆河流的共同作用有关。 相似文献
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渤海湾西部现代有孔虫群垂直分带的特征及其对全新世海面、地质环境变化的指示 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
对渤海湾西部潮间带和浅海区106个表层底质样品的活体与死有孔虫进行分析,筛选出8个优势种。利用死体有孔虫研究了优势种随水深(高程)变化的垂直分布特征,讨论了不同属种、不同有孔虫垂直组合带与地质环境、海面的定量关系。结果表明,有孔虫属种和组合的指示范围决定其作为地质环境及海面变化指标的灵敏性和精度。确立了研究区有孔虫海相性评价指数及与水深(高程)的相关性。根据对研究结果的实例应用的分析,恢复了研究区一个局部地点的相对海面变化曲线,为全新世地质环境和海面变化研究提供了一个新的尝试案例。 相似文献
9.
渤海湾西岸第二道贝壳堤的细分及其年龄序列 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
渤海湾西岸贝壳堤平原的第二道贝壳堤(II堤)在上古林可进一步划分为被泻湖盐沼沉积物所分隔的两道大致平行、互不相连的堤(II1、II2堤)。以系统的14C年代学研究为基础,在II贝壳堤的下部或底部、下伏地层顶部及相邻的泥质沉积物的合适层位获得一批经过校正的14C年龄。II1堤和II2堤的起止时间分别约为公元前10～5世纪、公元前3世纪—3世纪。 相似文献
10.
南海北部长湾贝壳堤是一典型的风暴潮成因贝壳堤。该贝壳堤的横向、纵向露头和钻孔所显示的地层结构、层理特征、粒度特征、14C测年、物质组成、贝屑种属生境及当地风暴增水高度和地壳升降幅度表明：（1）贝壳堤由风暴沉积组成,是风暴潮增水期间海岸沉积物堆积的结果,由于堆积在平均高潮面之上,增水退却后不受正常天气下波浪的影响得以保存;（2）理想剖面由下而上分4个部分：1）潮滩堆积;2）激浪带堆积;3）增水面下波浪堆积;4）增水面上波浪爬高堆积。各个部分具有不同的沉积特征,分别代表贝壳堤向上增长的各个阶段的沉积环境和风暴作用方式;（3）风暴潮贝壳堤与非风暴潮贝壳堤不仅在发育过程,而且在沉积结构、粒度特征、贝屑种属、堆积部位、堆积高度及环境意义等方面都有所不同。 相似文献
11.
0-group sea bass,Dicentrarchus labrax, colonize intertidal marsh creeks of Mont Saint Michel Bay, France, on spring tides (e.g., 43% of the tides) during flood
and return to coastal waters during ebb. Most arrived with empty stomachs (33%), and feed actively during their short stay
in the creeks (from 1 to 2 h) where they consumed on average a minimum of 8% of their body weight. During flood tide, diet
was dominated by mysids,Neomysis integer, which feed on marsh detritus. During ebb, when young sea bass left tidal marsh creeks, the majority had full stomachs (more
than 98%) and diet was dominated by the most abundant marsh (including vegetated tidal flats and associated marsh creeks)
resident amphipod,Orchestia gammarellus. Temporal and tidal effects on diet composition were shown to be insignificant. Foraging in vegetated flats occurs very rarely
since they are only flooded by about 5% of the tides. It was shown that primary and secondary production of intertidal salt
marshes play a fundamental role in the feeding of 0-group sea bass. This suggests that the well known nursery function of
estuarine systems, which is usually restricted to subtidal and intertidal flats, ought to be extended to the supratidal, vegetated
marshes and mainly to intertidal marsh creeks. 相似文献
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Andrew C. Kemp Benjamin P. Horton Daria Nikitina Christopher H. Vane Marina Potapova Elizabeth Weber‐Bruya Stephen J. Culver Tatyana Repkina David F. Hill 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2017,46(3):562-584
In support of efforts to reconstruct relative sea level (RSL), we investigated the utility of foraminifera, diatoms and bulk‐sediment geochemistry (δ13C, C:N and parameters measured by Rock‐Eval pyrolysis) as sea‐level indicators in Eurasian sub‐Arctic salt marshes. At three salt marshes (<15 km apart) in Dvina Bay (White Sea, Russia), we collected surface sediment samples along transects from subtidal to Taiga forest environments. Foraminifera at all sites formed bipartite assemblages, where elevations below mean high higher water (MHHW) were dominated by Miliammina spp. and elevations between MHHW and the highest occurrence of foraminifera were dominated by Jadammina macrescens and Balticammina pseudomacrescens. Five high‐diversity groups of diatoms were identified and they displayed pronounced variability amongst the study sites. Bulk‐sediment geochemistry recognized two groups (clastic‐dominated environments below MHHW and organic‐rich environments above MHHW). As one group included subtidal elevations and the other included supratidal elevations, we conclude that the measured geochemical parameters are not stand‐alone sea‐level indicators. Core JT2012 captured a regressive sediment succession of clastic, tidal‐flat sediment overlain by salt‐marsh organic silt and freshwater peat. The salt‐marsh sediment accumulated at 2804±52 years before present and preserved foraminifera (Jadammina macrescens and Balticammina pseudomacrescens) with good analogy to modern assemblages indicating that RSL was +2.60±0.47 m at this time. Diatoms confirm that marine influence decreased through time, but the lack of analogy between modern and core assemblages limited their utility as sea‐level indicators. Geochemical parameters also indicate a reduction in marine influence through time. We conclude that RSL reconstructions derived from salt‐marsh sediment preserved beneath Eurasian sub‐Arctic peatlands can provide valuable insight into the spatio‐temporal evolution of the Fennoscandian and Eurasian ice sheets. 相似文献
13.
Patterns of invertebrate distribution and abundance in the intertidal salt marsh: Causes and questions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. T. Kneib 《Estuaries and Coasts》1984,7(4):392-412
The intertidal marsh community comprises both benthic and natant faunal components. The benthic components are primarily small invertebrates residing within or on the soft sediments of the vegetated marsh surface. The natant components include larger, fully aquatic organisms (e.g., fish and shrimp) that inhabit the shallow waters adjacent to the marsh at low tide but interact with the benthic components of the community when the marsh is tidally inundated. In this structurally complex and often expansive intertidal environment, patterns of invertebrate distribution and abundance are not apparent to the casual observer. Benthic core samples taken along an intertidal marsh transect on Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA show that many of the inconspicuous infaunal organisms, which numerically dominate the macrofaunal elements of this soft-substrate community, exhibit zonal distribution patterns along a tidal gradient. Patterns of invertebrate distribution in the intertidal salt marsh are often attributed to the activities of aquatic predators. The results of most predator exclusion experiments have left little doubt that predation/disturbance can be an important determinant of invertebrate abundance in soft-substrate communities; but a growing number of experiments, in both freshwater and marine environments, have produced results that apparently conflict with this, general tenet. Dismissed by some as “failed” experiments, these investigations have exposed our lack of knowledge about the effects of specific predators and the importance of complex interactions which involve more than two trophic levels. Although the importance of predation has been stressed in many recent experimental investigations, there are many other factors that, alone or in combination, may also influence the structure of salt marsh invertebrate assemblages. Included among these are: (1) various density-dependent processes (e.g., adult-larval interactions, agonistic behavior, interspecific competition), (2) selective larval settlement or mortality, (3) the influence of physical factors expressed through habitat preferences, and (4) unpredictable or cyclic physical disturbances. Many questions concerning the spatial and temporal patterns of invertebrate distribution and abundance in the salt marsh are unresolved and remain as challenges to our understanding of soft-substrate community dynamics. 相似文献
14.
Large-scale marsh restoration efforts were conducted to restore normal salt marsh structure and function to degraded marshes
(i.e., former salt hay farms) in the mesohaline lower Delaware Bay. While nekton response has been previously evaluated for
the marsh surface and subtidal creeks in these marshes, little effort has been focused on intertidal creeks. Nekton response
in intertidal creeks was evaluated by sampling with seines to determine if restored (i.e., former salt hay farms restored
in 1996) and reference (i.e., natural or relatively undisturbed) salt marshes were utilized by intertidal nekton in a similar
manner. The overall nekton assemblage during June–October 2004–2005 was generally comprised of the same species in both the
restored and reference marshes. Intertidal creek catches in both marsh types consisted primarily ofFundulus heteroclitus andMenidia menidia, with varying numbers of less abundant transient species present. Transient nekton were more abundant at restored marshes
than reference marshes, but in insufficient numbers to cause differences in nekton assemblages. In both marsh types, low tide
stages were characterized by resident nekton, dominated byF. heteroclitus, while high tide stages were characterized by a variable mix of transient and resident nekton. Assemblage level analyses
indicated that intertidal creeks in restored and reference marshes were generally utilized in a similar manner by a similar
nekton assemblage, so restoration efforts were deemed successful. This is in agreement with multiple comparative studies from
the ame marshes examining fish, invertebrates, and vegetation in different marsh habitats. 相似文献
15.
The importance of intertidal estuarine habitats, like salt marsh and oyster reef, has been well established, as has their ubiquitous loss along our coasts with resultant forfeiture of the ecosystem services they provide. Furthering our understanding of how these habitats are evolving in the face of anthropogenic and climate driven changes will help improve management strategies. Previous work has shown that the growth and productivity of both oyster reefs and salt marshes are strongly linked to elevation in the intertidal zone (duration of aerial exposure). We build on that research by examining the growth of marsh-fringing oyster reefs at yearly to decadal time scales and examine movement of the boundary between oyster reef and salt marsh at decadal to centennial time scales. We show that the growth of marsh-fringing reefs is strongly associated to the duration of aerial exposure, with little growth occurring below mean low water and above mean sea level. Marsh-shoreline movement, in the presence or absence of fringing oyster reefs, was reconstructed using transects of sediment cores. Carbonaceous marsh sediments sampled below the modern fringing oyster reefs indicate that marsh shorelines within Back Sound, North Carolina are predominantly in a state of transgression (landward retreat), and modern oyster-reef locations were previously occupied by salt marsh within the past two centuries. Cores fronting transgressive marsh shorelines absent fringing reefs sampled thinner and less extensive carbonaceous marsh sediment than at sites with fringing reefs. This indicates that fringing reefs are preserving carbonaceous marsh sediment from total erosion as they transgress and colonize the exposed marsh shoreline making marsh sediments more resistant to erosion. The amount of marsh sediment preservation underneath the reef scales with the reef’s relief, as reefs with the greatest relief were level with the marsh platform, preserving a maximum amount of carbonaceous sediments during transgression by buffering the marsh from erosional processes. Thus, fringing oyster reefs not only have the capacity to shelter shorelines but, if located at the ideal tidal elevation, they also keep up with accelerating sea-level rise and cap carbonaceous sediments, protecting them from erosion, as reefs develop along the marsh. 相似文献
16.
Patterns of nekton occurrence on the salt marsh surface at high tide and in an adjacent intertidal creek pool at low tide were used to investigate movements of nekton in an intertidal basin. Paired collections were made in North Inlet estuary, SC on 67 dates over 9 years. Comparisons of high- and low-tide total abundance indicated that what remained in the creek pool at low tide was representative of the nekton on the flooded marsh. Of the 64 taxa collected, the same 8 species ranked in the top 10 in both the high- and low-tide collections. Abundances of most resident species were positively correlated with the area of marsh flooded, but mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), the most abundant resident, was not. Abundances of young-of-the-year transient species were not related to the extent of tidal flooding. Some transient species used the flooded marsh but did not occupy the pool at low tide, and others found in the pool did not use the marsh. Differences in abundance, biomass, and length between the marsh and pool collections indicated differences in the tendency of species and life stages to retreat downstream of the pool to the subtidal channel. Proportionately more of the nekton that were present on the flooded marsh left the intertidal basin when large changes in temperature and salinity occurred between high and low tides. More transients left the basin following higher tides, but more residents did not. The results demonstrate a wide range of taxonomic and ontogenetic patterns among nekton using intertidal salt marsh basins and the underappreciated importance of intertidal creek pools as alternative low-tide refuges. 相似文献
17.
Little is known about the century‐scale response of water levels in inland estuaries to sea‐level change and human modifications to estuarine morphology. This study explored the ability of using testate amoebae (Protozoa, Rhizopoda) from sediments of a freshwater tidal marsh as indicators of water level in an inland estuary. The hypothesis was that modern testate amoeba assemblages change with surface elevation (approximately the duration of tidal flooding) within a freshwater tidal marsh. Variation in testate amoeba assemblages in relation to multiple environmental variables and sediment characteristics was studied through redundancy analysis. This demonstrated that a significant part of the variation in modern testate amoeba assemblages could be explained by flooding frequency, surface elevation, organic content and particle size of the soil. Transfer functions, partial least squares and weighted average regressions were made to show that testate amoebae can be used for reconstruction of water level (with an accuracy of 0.05 Normalized Elevation). A preliminary test of application of the transfer function to palaeo testate amoeba assemblages showed promising results. Testate amoebae from a freshwater tidal marsh provide a potentially powerful new tool for estuarine water‐level reconstructions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
The vertical distribution of foraminifera, testate amoebae and diatoms was investigated in saltmarshes in the Taf estuary (south Wales), the Erme estuary (south Devon) and the Brancaster marshes (north Norfolk), to assess the use of multiproxy indicators in sea‐level reconstructions. A total of 116 samples were subjected to regression analyses, using the program calibrate, with duration of tidal flooding as the dependent variable. We found that the relationship between flooding duration and taxa was strongest for diatoms and testate amoebae and weakest for foraminifera. The vertical range of testate amoebae in saltmarshes is small. Their lower tolerance limit in present‐day saltmarshes occurs where tides cover the marsh less than a combined total of 7 days (1.9%) in a year. However, they are important sea‐level indicators because information for sea‐level reconstruction is best derived from sediments that originate in the highest part of the intertidal zone. Diatoms span the entire sampled range in intertidal and supratidal areas, whereas the upper limit of foraminifera is found very close to the highest astronomical tide level. Local training sets provide reconstructions with higher accuracy and precision than combined training sets, but their use is limited if they do not represent adequate modern analogues for fossil assemblages. Although analyses are time consuming, a regional training set of all three groups of micro‐organisms yields highly accurate (r2 = 0.80) and precise (low value of root mean square error) predictions of tidal level. This approach therefore could improve the accuracy and precision of Holocene sea‐level reconstructions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
渤海湾泥质海岸带国土资源大调查以其特有的方法、手段和要求,获得了一批带有地质调查特点的、关于全新世地层与近现代地质环境变化的阶段性成果,主要包括:1)该地区海岸带全新世地层具有4种沉积类型:(A)远离海岸的传统的"三分"型;(B)海相层与陆(海陆过渡)相层的多次交替;(C)末次冰期后期未接受沉积,全新统半咸水的海陆过渡相直接覆于历时约10～20ka的沉积间断面上,向上,进一步发育为海相层;(D)沿海低洼地区在末次盛冰期后的晚更新世晚期即已进入海侵阶段,晚更新世晚期与全新世早期的海陆过渡相沉积是连续的,向上继续发育海相层.2)从以海水影响为主的开放潮坪(及浅海区)环境转变为(陆源影响逐渐加强的)湖-盐沼环境,是研究区中晚全新世地质环境转变的重要特征,建立了表征这两种不同环境的非正式地层单位("灰色单元"与"黄色单元").3)牡蛎礁与贝壳堤的对比方案,以牡蛎礁对应潮坪的贝类繁盛期,牡蛎礁中的水平再搬运夹层和/或上覆泥质盖层(往往形成"岭地")对应贝壳堤成堤.4)大比例尺区调地质点(浅孔)揭示了中晚全新世(近现代)地质环境变化,编绘出约4500calB.P.以来小于1ka时段的二维、假三维环境系列图.一个实例是Ⅱ贝壳堤向陆侧的洼地甚至早于该堤的形成,推测洼地边缘的NNW向的埋藏线性凸起可能受同一方向的新构造活动控制.5)渤海湾沿海平原线性砂坝(障壁岛)-湖/盐沼成因假说.作为堆积贝壳堤正地形的补偿,堤前因"簸选"贝壳导致的潮坪负地形,同样可发育湖沉积.6)210pb/137Cs测年研究提供了该地区现代沉积速率的初步结果(＜0.1cm/a或＞3cm/a不等),据此将海岸带划分为不同的沉积类型区. 相似文献
20.
滨海盐沼是重要的陆地-海洋交界带生态系统。目前国际上存在关于盐沼的两大假设:盐沼系统输出养分和盐沼植物带状分布。为验证这两大假设,增强对盐沼湿地的了解,盐沼孔隙水流动及溶质运移研究至关重要。为模拟复杂盐沼系统孔隙水流动及溶质运移,改进了美国地质勘测局编制的SUTRA程序。基于假定的潮沟横断面物理条件,对孔隙水流动及溶质运移过程进行了模拟分析。结果表明潮沟附近孔隙水及溶质交换较快,潮水浸淹会减缓潮沟附近出现物质集结。落潮时潮沟附近有明显垂向流和水平流,远潮沟地带主要为水平流。潮沟附近土壤通气条件较好。这些模拟结果较好的吻合了潮沟附近较盐沼内部盐沼植物长势较好的现象。 相似文献