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1.
现代沉积物测年方法已经在海岸带地区得到了广泛应用,但在开放潮坪地区还存一定的问题,尤其是在通过210Pb进行沉积速率计算时,常量初始浓度(constant initial concentration,简称CIC)模式和恒定补给速率(constant rate of supply,简称CRS)模式给出的结果通常差别很大,即使是与137Cs时标法进行比对时,有时也不易解释.这严重制约了现代沉积物测年方法在开放潮坪及浅海区的应用效果.有鉴于此,选取了其中的1个典型站位的柱状样品,同时开展210Pbexc过量的210Pb的CRS模式和CIC模式计算,并与137Cs时标法进行对比,结合区域沉积历史数据,对210Pbexc的CRS模式和CIC模式的选择进行了综合分析,为现代沉积物测年在海岸带地区的应用和解释提供了过程参考.结果显示,对210Pbexc数据分段采用CIC模式获得的结果较CRS模式获得的更为可靠.这是因为海岸带地区,被潮流搬运来的沉积物更容易满足CIC计算模式所要求的前提条件,即沉积物中的210Pbexc初始比活度是恒定的.作为一般数据使用者,更倾向于通过210Pbexc测年方法(也就是CRS模式)能够获得每一层的年龄,但在海岸带地区应用该方法时就需要更加慎重. 相似文献
2.
作为一种人工核素,137Cs年代学方法已在海岸地区得到广泛应用,并成为重建现代地质过程的重要方法。搜集了海岸带地区报道的200余组137Cs沉积剖面数据（其中中国海岸带地区121个站位,其它地区100余站位）,通过对137Cs沉积剖面形态的分析,并与理想137Cs沉积剖面对比研究,结果显示,海岸带地区137Cs沉积剖面表现为以下6种主要类型：①不连续137Cs曲线、②无特征峰型的连续137Cs曲线、③特征峰型偏下的连续137Cs曲线、④特征峰型偏上的连续137Cs曲线、⑤比活度向下增大的137Cs曲线和⑥比活度向下减小的137Cs曲线。各种类型的沉积剖面反映的沉积环境是多样的;侵蚀作用、混合作用和沉积物供给变化是控制137Cs沉积剖面的主要因素;同时,137Cs定年的取样要尽量做到无扰动,数据解释要考虑到取样分辨率的影响;在没有大气沉降监测的海岸带地区,其附近沉积环境相对稳定地区的137Cs沉积剖面可作为潮间带、浅海区的背景参考值。 相似文献
3.
文章通过对长江口水下三角洲采集的10个柱状样放射性核素137Cs的分析可以得知,长江口水下三角洲137Cs剖面中均存在清晰的最大蓄积峰,其峰值比活度介于5.68±1.03～21.74±1.39Bq/kg之间,平均值为14.11±1.10Bq/kg,最大蓄积峰所处的深度为55～117cm。剖面中137Cs最大蓄积峰应该与1963年的137Cs散落沉降相对应。长江口水下三角洲的表层沉积物中的137Cs比活度范围介于0～9.19±1.12Bq/kg之间,并且与长江流域其他地区的表层137Cs比活度相一致。长江口水下三角洲可探测到的137Cs比活度的最大深度范围在88～160cm的范围内变化,137Cs蓄积总量为2361.30±174.38～17714.94±262.14Bq/m2,平均值为9664.97±100.05Bq/m2,137Cs比活度的最大深度及137Cs蓄积总量均表现出从岸向海逐渐增加的趋势。实测的137Cs总量均大于长江流域的137Cs背景值,说明了长江口水下三角洲的137Cs蓄积既有大气散落直接沉降的来源,又有流域侵蚀带来的137Cs输入,并且主要以后者为主。通过放射性核素示踪模型分析长江口水下三角洲137Cs散落蓄积特征可以得知,长江口水下三角洲137Cs的蓄积以长江流域来源为主,说明了放射性核素137Cs在长江口水下三角洲沉积物中的蓄积主要受流域侵蚀因素的影响。 相似文献
4.
环渤海海岸带^210Pb／^137Cs数据库^210Pb／^137Cs同位素示踪与测年是测定现代沉积物年龄、研究现代沉积速率的重要方法。1980年代在锦州湾(中科院地质所夏明等,1983)、黄河三角洲进行的。^210Pb示踪与测年(青岛海洋地质研究所业渝光领导的研究小组,1987、1991、1992等),是该类研究在环渤海岸海岸带的最早尝试,显示出利用该方法确定现代沉积速率的良好前景。 相似文献
5.
作为一种人工核素,<'137>Cs年代学方法已在海岸地区得到广泛应用,并成为重建现代地质过程的重要方法.搜集了海岸带地区报道的200余组<'137>Cs沉积剖面数据(其中中国海岸带地区121个站住,其它地区100余站位),通过对<'137>Cs沉积剖面形态的分析.并与理想<'137>Cs沉积剖面对比研究,结果显示,海岸... 相似文献
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对东北四海龙湾玛珥湖SHLF6孔纹层沉积物的137Cs放射性测量表明:137Cs比活度的最大值出现在55cm处,对应于1963年世界原子弹试爆高峰期。纹层计年表明0～6cm共有35个纹层层偶。从75cm到65cm,137Cs比活度从256±009dpm/g急剧增加到1868±017dpm/g,可能65cm对应于1954年。通过测量226Ra子核214Pb和214Bi（能量为295keV,352keV和609keV）放射的光子数获得226Ra比活度数据,然后求得过剩210Pb比活度（210Pbuns）。210Pbuns比活度随深度增加而呈指数衰减,其异常波动可能与人类活动以及沉积速率变化有关,例如55cm处210Pb比活度较高,与137Cs的峰值对应,这可能与1963年前后人工核实验的高峰有关,因为核试验不仅产生137Cs,而且可以产生208Pb和210Pb;45cm处210Pb比活度较低,而226Ra较高,可能与人类活动加剧,导致沉积速率增加有关。根据210PbunsCRS模式,SHLF6孔0～19cm的平均沉积速率为20mg/cm2·a,或约为011cm/a。210Pb测年数据与137Cs时标及纹层计年均有很好的一致性。四海龙湾玛珥湖发育的纹层为年纹层,可以建立高分辨率时间序列。 相似文献
7.
对东平湖沉积物柱状岩芯放射性年代学研究表明： 12cm处的 137Cs比活度峰值对应于1963年人工核试验高峰,9cm和6cm处的 137Cs比活度蓄积峰可能分别与1974年的全球核素散落和1986年前苏联切尔诺贝利核电站核泄漏有关; 210Pb比活度随深度呈指数衰减,利用 137Cs核素1963年对应的蓄积峰进行校正,采用 210Pb计年的CRS模式建立了1889年以来东平湖现代沉积年代序列。根据 210Pb年代序列,计算了东平湖现代沉积速率,发现近百年来东平湖地区沉积速率有明显变化： 1889～1945年,沉积速率较高,平均达0.297g/cm2•a; 1945～1963年,沉积速率整体处于下降趋势; 1963～2000年,沉积速率比较稳定,平均约0.141g/cm2•a; 约2000年以来,沉积速率有增高趋势。通过分析认为,1945年以前东平湖较高的沉积速率可能与东平湖作为黄河水的自然滞洪区有关; 1950年代国家对东平湖的治理改造,控制了黄河水的自然倒灌,导致了东平湖沉积速率的迅速下降; 1963年以后,由于黄河上中游大型水利工程设施的修建,抑制了东平湖调洪功能的发挥,导致东平湖沉积速率低而稳定; 近年来,东平湖沉积速率有增大趋势,这可能与湖区人民发展围网养殖带入较多的沉积物有关。 相似文献
8.
广西平果龙何屯岩溶洼地剖面土壤~(137)Cs和~(210)Pb比活度分布的影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
~(137)Cs和~(210)Pb技术广泛应用于土壤侵蚀研究,但由于岩溶区的特殊性,如地表地下双层结构的存在,土壤形成慢,土层薄且不连续,易被侵蚀等特点,一定程度上限制了~(137)Cs和~(210)Pb技术在岩溶区的应用。文章选取广西平果果化石漠化综合治理示范区龙何屯洼地剖面,沿剖面采集土壤样品,进行~(137)Cs和~(210)Pb放射性比活度研究,得到以下认识:(1)土壤表层及整个土壤剖面~(137)Cs和~(210)Pb放射性比活度正相关,主要是人类活动及土壤迁移引起的土壤再分配导致的;(2)石穴地的137Cs和~(210)Pb放射性比活度均为最大,除受到邻近裸岩影响还与石穴地良好的集水集土条件有关;(3)洼地底部及沟底~(137)Cs和~(210)Pb放射性比活度相对偏小,主要是坡面长期受到地表径流侵蚀影响,土壤和泥沙在此沉积导致的;(4)退耕还林之后土壤得到很好的保护,并能拦截一定量上游带来的土壤,但由于岩溶环境的特殊性,地下漏失无法避免。 相似文献
9.
内蒙古乌梁素海~(210)Pb和~(137)Cs测年与现代沉积速率 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
对乌梁素海沉积物柱心样品进行210Pb、137Cs测年分析表明,柱心剖面上有明显的1963年蓄积峰,这个蓄积峰对乌梁素海的现代沉积有明显的时标意义。根据210Pb的CRS模式,可以计算出每个样品深度所对应的年代,在该沉积柱心中与137Cs时标吻合较好。乌梁素海的沉积速率并不稳定,变化比较大,表明乌梁素海近113 a来沉积环境不稳定。210Pb、137Cs两种计年方法的结合有助于认识沉积速率变化较大的沼泽的沉积状况,也有助于对核素计年方法的理解。 相似文献
10.
吉林省西部月亮湖沉积物的210Pb和137Cs测年及沉积速率 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在吉林省西部月亮湖沉积柱中137 Cs和210Pb比活度测定的基础上,进行了沉积柱137 Cs和210Pb测年和现代沉积速率研究。月亮湖沉积柱在18cm和32cm处存在2个明显的137 Cs峰值,所对应的时标分别为1986年和1963年,据此时标计算的1963 2006年月亮湖的平均沉积速率为0.74cm/a,19862006年平均沉积速率为0.90cm/a。对比了CIC、CRS和CFCS模式的210Pb计年结果,其中:CIC模式的计年结果明显偏离137 Cs时标;64cm以浅沉积物的CRS、CFCS模式计年结果接近,并与137 Cs时标基本一致;但当沉积物的深度大于64cm时,CRS、CFCS模式计年结果具一定差别,鉴于此深度以下CFCS模式计年的指数方程的相关系数较低,其计年结果的代表性较差,因此,此深度以下采用CRS模式计年。根据CRS模式计年结果计算的月亮湖沉积速率为:1835 1898年平均为0.33cm/a,1898 1920年平均为1.09cm/a,1920 1961年平均为2.21cm/a,1961 2006年平均为0.94cm/a。沉积速率的年际变化反映了月亮湖及其流域内自然环境变化和人类活动的影响程度。 相似文献
11.
琼北火山岩激光40Ar/39Ar定年研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
新生代以来,雷琼地区多次、大量地喷发了一系列火山岩。前人主要基于K-Ar法对此划分了期次。本文采用激光40Ar/39Ar年代学方法,对琼北火山岩区进行了精细定年研究。低本底激光40Ar/39Ar法能够对低钾含量,极少量样品(毫克级)进行精细测定,非常适合极年轻火山岩的定年工作。结果显示的火山岩激光40Ar/39Ar法高质量数据表明琼北火山喷发活动时限跨越1.3～0.052Ma。在比较了表观年龄与等时线年龄差异之后,本文给出了年龄推荐值。正如测试数据所显示,本地区新生代火山岩普遍存在40Ar和36Ar过剩的问题,此时只有等时线年龄才代表喷发的真实年龄。 相似文献
12.
Cosmogenic nuclide concentrations measured on abandoned fan surfaces along the Mojave section of the San Andreas Fault suggest that sediment is generated, transported, and removed from the fans on the order of 30-40 kyr. We measured in situ produced cosmogenic 10Be, and in some cases 26Al, in boulders (n = 15), surface sediment (n = 15), and one depth profile (n = 9). Nuclide concentrations in surface sediments and boulders underestimate fan ages, suggesting that 10Be accumulation is largely controlled by the geomorphic processes that operate on the surfaces of the fans and not by their ages.Field observations, grain-size distribution, and cosmogenic nuclide data suggest that over time, boulders weather into grus and the bar sediments diffuse into the adjacent swales. As fans grow older the relief between bars and swales decreases, the sediment transport rate from bars to swales decreases, and the surface processes that erode the fan become uniform over the entire fan surface. The nuclide data therefore suggest that, over time, the difference in 10Be concentration between bars and swales increases to a maximum until the topographic relief between bars and swales is minimized, resulting in a common surface lowering rate and common 10Be concentrations across the fan. During this phase, the entire fan is lowered homogeneously at a rate of 10-15 mm kyr−1. 相似文献
13.
Constraints from strontium and neodymium isotopic ratios and trace elements on the sources of the sediments in Lake Huguang Maar 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Houyun Zhou Bo-Shian Wang Huazheng Guan Yi-Jen Lai Chen-Feng You Jinlian Wang Huai-Jen Yang 《Quaternary Research》2009,72(2):289-300
The sediments in Lake Huguang Maar in coastal South China were previously thought to originate mainly from wind-blown dust transported from North China, such that the lake sediments recorded the varying strength of the Asian winter monsoon. An alternative explanation was that the local pyroclastic rocks supplied the lake sediments, but the actual contributions from the different sources remained unclear. Geochemical analyses including 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd and trace elements support the local pyroclastic rock as the dominant source: < 22% of the total Sr in the lake sediments and 17% of the Nd arises from the distant source. Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf for the lake sediments are identical to those for the local rock but differ from the ratios for the wind-blown dust, and chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns for the lake sediments are similar to those for the local rock and soil, but differ from those for the distant source. The sediments in Lake Huguang Maar are probably input into the lake through runoff and thus controlled by the hydrology of the lake. Wind-blown dust transported by the Asian winter monsoon from arid North China is only a minor contribution to the sediments. 相似文献
14.
H. Knicker G. Almendros F. J. Gonzlez-Vila H. -D. Lüdemann F. Martin 《Organic Geochemistry》1995,23(11-12)
A variety of fungal melanins with natural 15N abundance are characterized by solid-state 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopy and are compared to solid-state 13C and 15N NMR spectra of organic matter from representative soils. In all solid-state 15N NMR spectra the peptide/amide region (−220 to −285 ppm) dominates with more than 70% of the total intensity. The region between −285 and −375 ppm, assigned to amino and ammonium groups, always contains more than half of the remaining intensity. The area in the region from −30 to −220 ppm, where aromatic heterocycles would show signals, makes up less than 10% of the total intensity. These findings call into question common structural models for melanins. The solid-state 13C NMR spectra, on the other hand, reveal large differences when the melanins are compared to each other, and to composts and soils. The concentration of the aromatic carbon varies from 5 to 40% in the melanin series. The ratio Caro/Ntot and Cali/Ntot were calculated, and confirm that nitrogen in these samples is bound in Ca-groups rather than in aromatic heterocyclic structures. 相似文献
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对具有不同地质历史背景的3类40Ar/39Ar法样品中的40Ar和39Ar释出特征进行对比,研究结果表明,40Ar/39Ar法样品中的40Ar、39Ar释气曲线主要表现为以下3种形式:完全重合型、过剩氩型和不规则型。当40Ar与39Ar释气曲线呈完全重合型时,40Ar/39Ar法全熔年龄代表了岩体的形成年龄;当40Ar、39Ar释气曲线是过剩氩型时,40Ar/39Ar法全熔年龄则大于岩体的形成年龄;当40Ar与39Ar释气曲线呈不规则型时,表明样品中的放射成固氩(40Ar*)发生了丢失,其全熔年龄一般较岩体的形成年龄小。对于40Ar、39Ar释气曲线呈过剩氩型的样品,40Ar/39Ar法年龄谱通常呈马鞍形,且马鞍形年龄谱的底部年龄一般都具有地质意义,代表了岩体的形成年龄。对于40Ar、39Ar释气曲线呈不规则型的样品,对其年龄谱的解释应持谨慎态度。 相似文献
18.
The ground waters circulating in the Apulian mesozoic carbonate aquifer, of coastal type, show high concentrations of 222Rn everywhere. Considering their variation during the different phases of a hydrological year, such high concentration values can reach activity of 20 Bq/L, in the more internal zones of the aquifer. Moreover, it is often observed that, in correspondence of wells and springs nearest the coast, the concentrations of radioactive gas reach values greater than 400 Bq/L and vary considerably during the course of a day and with withdrawals. The research carried out over the last few years, has confirmed that 226Ra and 222Rn concentrations in the karst groundwater of Apulia, are mainly related to the occurrence of Terra Rossa inside the aquifer and the capacity of these paleosols to fix the salts of 226Ra coming from the dissolution of the calcareous and calcareous-dolomitic rocks. This paper shows the results of the analysis performed to define 222Rn increase in the brackish waters that come in contact with carbonate rocks and terra rossa. It also indicates the results of surveys performed in a coastal zone with well-known hydrogeological features. The controls performed during one hydrological year, have confirmed the relationships between the salt content of the ground waters and the enrichment of 222Rn and have highlighted that the manner of increase of this radioisotope is related to cases of ionic exchange and adsorption regulated by the dynamics of marine intrusion. 相似文献
19.
Mark Quigley Yu Liangjun Liu Xiaohan Christopher J.L. Wilson Mike Sandiford David Phillips 《Tectonophysics》2006,421(3-4):269-297
Structural and thermochronological studies of the Kampa Dome provide constraints on timing and mechanisms of gneiss dome formation in southern Tibet. The core of Kampa Dome contains the Kampa Granite, a Cambrian orthogneiss that was deformed under high temperature (sub-solidus) conditions during Himalayan orogenesis. The Kampa Granite is intruded by syn-tectonic leucogranite dikes and sills of probable Oligocene to Miocene age. Overlying Paleozoic to Mesozoic metasedimentary rocks decrease in peak metamorphic grade from kyanite + staurolite grade at the base of the sequence to unmetamorphosed at the top. The Kampa Shear Zone traverses the Kampa Granite — metasediment contact and contains evidence for high-temperature to low-temperature ductile deformation and brittle faulting. The shear zone is interpreted to represent an exhumed portion of the South Tibetan Detachment System. Biotite and muscovite 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology from the metasedimentary sequence yields disturbed spectra with 14.22 ± 0.18 to 15.54 ± 0.39 Ma cooling ages and concordant spectra with 14.64 ± 0.15 to 14.68 ± 0.07 Ma cooling ages. Petrographic investigations suggest disturbed samples are associated with excess argon, intracrystalline deformation, mineral and fluid inclusions and/or chloritization that led to variations in argon systematics. We conclude that the entire metasedimentary sequence cooled rapidly through mica closure temperatures at 14.6 Ma. The Kampa Granite yields the youngest biotite 40Ar/39Ar ages of 13.7 Ma immediately below the granite–metasediment contact. We suggest that this age variation reflects either varying mica closure temperatures, re-heating of the Kampa Granite biotites above closure temperatures between 14.6 Ma and 13.7 Ma, or juxtaposition of rocks with different thermal histories. Our data do not corroborate the “inverse” mica cooling gradient observed in adjacent North Himalayan gneiss domes. Instead, we infer that mica cooling occurred in response to exhumation and conduction related to top-to-north normal faulting in the overlying sequence, top-to-south thrusting at depth, and coeval surface denudation. 相似文献
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由于较低的钾元素含量以及过剩氩的存在,长期以来对硅质岩的40Ar/39Ar定年一直存在较大难度。近年来,由于仪器水平的不断提高,新实验技术和方法的应用,特别是激光全熔40Ar/39Ar定年技术的应用,40Ar/39Ar定年方法具有了足够高的测试精度和稳定的低本底水平,可以满足测试极低钾元素含量的硅质岩样品的要求。利用多组矿物颗粒测试数据计算等时线年龄的方法可以很好地去除过剩氩对硅质岩年龄的影响。本文利用激光全熔40Ar/39Ar定年方法对新疆准噶尔盆地边缘的两个硅质岩样品进行了定年研究。采自白碱滩地区的08BJT-3样品的年龄测试结果为294±14Ma,该年龄结果与硅质岩样品所处的晚石炭世地层沉积年代基本一致。采自卡拉麦里地区的KML-2样品的年龄测试结果为266±14Ma,该年龄结果与强烈变形改造硅质岩样品的卡拉麦里构造变形带活动年代十分一致,表明激光全熔40Ar/39Ar定年方法可以准确地对硅质岩进行定年。 相似文献