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1.
《山地科学学报》2015,(4)
Recent advances in computer with geographic information system(GIS) technologies have allowed modelers to develop physics-based models for modeling soil erosion processes in time and space.However, it has been widely recognized that the effect of uncertainties on model predictions may be more significant when modelers apply such models for their own modeling purposes.Sources of uncertainty involved in modeling include data, model structural, and parameter uncertainty.To deal with the uncertain parameters of a catchment-scale soil erosion model(CSEM) and assess simulation uncertainties in soil erosion, particle filtering modeling(PF) is introduced in the CSEM.The proposed method, CSEM-PF, estimates parameters of non-linear and non-Gaussian systems, such as a physics-based soil erosion model by assimilating observation data such as discharge and sediment discharge sequences at outlets.PF provides timevarying feasible parameter sets as well as uncertainty bounds of outputs while traditional automatic calibration techniques result in a time-invariant global optimal parameter set.CSEM-PF was applied to a small mountainous catchment of the Yongdamdam in Korea for soil erosion modeling and uncertainty assessment for three historical typhoon events.Finally, the most optimal parameter sets and uncertainty bounds of simulation of both discharge and sediment discharge at each time step of the study events are provided. 相似文献
2.
Adaptive finite element modeling of marine controlled-source electromagnetic fields in two-dimensional general anisotropic media 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
In this paper, we extend the scope of numerical simulations of marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) fields in a particular case of anisotropy (dipping anisotropy) to the general case of anisotropy by using an adaptive finite element approach. In comparison to a dipping anisotropy case, the first order spatial derivatives of the strike-parallel components arise in the partial differential equations for generally anisotropic media, which cause a non-symmetric linear system of equations for finite element modeling. The adaptive finite element method is employed to obtain numerical solutions on a sequence of refined unstructured triangular meshes, which allows for arbitrary model geometries including bathymetry and dipping layers. Numerical results of a 2D anisotropic model show both anisotropy strike and dipping angles have great influence on the marine CSEM responses. 相似文献
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4.
以宁河跨断层场地为例,运用砂箱实验方法进行构造物理模拟实验,结合现有的浅层地震剖面结果和跨断层监测数据,分析跨断层场地监测对隐伏断层断裂活动监测是否有效。初步研究结果表明,当观测精度高于误差时,跨断层场地监测能有效监测隐伏断层活动。模拟的断裂剖面与浅层地震剖面结果中断层分布和发育情况基本一致,隐伏断层活动可引起地表形变。由于各次级断裂的倾向不同,跨断层监测数据可能产生逆断层假象。同时提出宁河跨断层场地水准点位分布情况模式图。 相似文献
5.
马岭地区位于贵州省兴义市,其沉积地层经历了二叠纪-三叠纪之交的沉积环境演化,是研究早三叠世沉积环境变化的理想地区。通过对马岭地区嘉陵江组的野外踏勘,以获得的实测剖面资料为基础,结合室内薄片观察,并根据14种主微量元素的结果,进而探讨其沉积环境的演变。马岭河剖面主要出露碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩,可分为四段,共取16件岩石样品进行送样分析,结合沉积相、古气候指标SiO2/Al2O3比值和古盐度指标,古水深指标CaO/MgO、Sr/Ba比值,可指示马岭地区在早三叠世经历了如下变化:①由异常炎热、干燥气候逐渐过渡为整体湿润的气候,这可能为早三叠世及后期生物复苏提供了适宜的气候条件;②发生浅海、深海的交替变化。嘉陵江组一~四段分别以开阔台地相、潮坪相、开阔-局限-开阔台地相、局限台地相沉积为主,每段的古盐度变化、海平面升降等现象,加上腹足、双壳等生物碎屑的局部出现,印证了该区早三叠世海洋环境异常多变,并具有多期次恶化-改善的演化过程。 相似文献
6.
In conventional seismic exploration,complex overburden prevents us from imaging the deeper under- ground structure,because near-surface velocity model cannot be efficiently simplified and accurately estab- lished． The virtual source method provides a promising solution,which images below a complex overburden without the knowledge of overburden velocities and near-surface changes． In this paper,the authors simulate the forward modeling under complex overburden with sources on the surface and receivers in the horizontal well, and reset the real sources into the horizontal well using the virtual source method,which subtly avoid the distor- tion effects of the complex overburden． Finally the underground structure can be imaged using Kirchhoff migra- tion,so the feasibility and advantages of the virtual source method are verified． 相似文献
7.
设计了一种ＬＲＣ电路控制的瞬变垂直磁偶极子场源,该场源可通过线路中的电阻Ｒ调节其振荡频率和衰减速率,以获取高能量、穿透能力强的时域电磁波信号。理论分析表明接收波形随距离衰减的程度远大于随电阻率减小而衰减的程度;当观测距离大到一定程度或电阻率小到一定值时,记录的时域波形近似为源信号的包络线,这样就相对简单且易于测量其峰值旅行时,从而达到高分辨率成像的目的。 相似文献
8.
Physical properties of sea water,such as salinity,temperature,density and acoustic velocity,could be demarcated through degradation of energy caused by water absorption,attenuation and other factors.To overcome the challenging difficulties in the quick monitoring of these physical properties,we have explored the high resolution marine seismic survey to instantly characterize them.Based on the unique wavefield propagating in the sea water,we have developed a new approach to suppress the noise caused by the shallow sea water disturbance and obtain useful information for estimating the sea water structure.This approach improves seismic data with high signal-to-noise ratio and resolution.The seismic reflection imaging can map the sea water structure acoustically.Combined with the knowledge of local water body structure profile over years,the instant model for predicting the sea water properties could be built using the seismic data acquired from the specially designed high precision marine seismic acquisition.This model can also be updated with instant observation and the complete data processing system.The present study has the potential value to many applications,such as 3D sea water monitoring,engineering evaluation,geological disaster assessment and environmental assessment. 相似文献
9.
Marine controlled source electromagnetic signal could be used in mineral resource exploration,reservoir appraisal and communicative technique in ocean. It’s necessary to study the electromagnetic generated by MCSEM. The propagation of the electromagnetic fields from a controlled source in the marine environment was studied with virtual interface method combined with discrete complex image method. Transmitter of finite length current source is approximated by dipole (HED) . A three-layered model is accepted,with sea water as intermediate conductive layer under air and a relatively high resistive seabed as basement,possibly containing a hydrogen layer of higher resistivity. The electromagnetic fields in whole space thus computed show that: (1) the spatial distribution of field component depends on its type; (2) inline Ex component is more sensitive to reservoir layer than that in broadside; (3) The airwave affects marine electromagnetic (MEM) exploration when sea water is relatively shallow; in the case of deep water MEM exploration,the airwave influence could be neglected; and (4) an appropriate frequency should be selected in order to balance the signal strength and electromagnetic induction effect. 相似文献
10.
The Pearl River Estuary area, located in the middle part of the southern China coastal seismic belt, has long been considered a potential source of strong earthquakes above magnitude 7.0. To scientifically assess the potential strong earthquake risk in this area, a three-dimensional artificial seismic sounding experiment, consisting of a receiving array and seabed seismograph, was performed to reveal the deep crustal structure in this region. We used artificial ship-borne air-gun excitation shots as sources, and fixed and mobile stations as receivers to record seismic data from May to August 2015. This paper presents results along a line from the western side of the Pearl River Estuary to the western side of the Baijing-Gaoming-Jinwan profile. A two-dimensional velocity structure was constructed using seismic travel-time tomography. The inversion results show that the Moho depth is 27 km in the coastal area and 30 km in the northwest of the Pearl River Estuary area, indicating that the crust thins from land to sea. Two structural discontinuities and multiple low-velocity anomalies appear in the crustal section. Inside both discontinuity zones, a low-velocity layer, with a minimum velocity of 6.05 km s~(-1), exists at a depth of about 15 km, and another, with a minimum velocity of 6.37 km s~(-1), exists at a depth of about 21.5 km between the middle and lower crust. These low velocities suggest that the discontinuities may consist of partly molten material. Earthquakes with magnitudes higher than 5.0 occurred in the low-velocity layer along the profile. The deep Kaiping-Enping fault, rooted in the crust, may be one of the most important channels for deep material upwelling and is related to tectonic movement since the Cretaceous in the Pearl River Delta tectonic rift basin. 相似文献
11.
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????????????﹫????????????ζ??????????????????????????????????????????????λ????????μ?????????衢????????????????????裬??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????侫??????ó???????????????????????ε????????????????????????????????????????????淶???????????????????????????????????????? 相似文献
12.
A marine geomagnetic survey was conducted over Red Bay, a broad shallow sea area in the southern part of the Shandong Peninsula,
to obtain geological information to meet the needs of an underwater engineering project. Analyses of magnetic data revealed
the fault structure of the bedrock and differences in lithology. At the proposed offshore dam site, the magnetic survey results
indicated the position of faults which have since been confirmed by other geophysical surveys. 相似文献
13.
通过对172 km的高分辨率浅地层剖面与6个钻孔的综合对比,对丁字湾近岸海底沉积物进行细分,自上而下划分为D0,D1,D2,D3共4个反射界面,SU1,SU2,SU3共3个沉积单元,该文总结了每个沉积单元的埋深、分布及特征,按照各个层序形成时的相对海平面位置及其升降变化态势,划分了海侵、低位、高位3个体系域,分别对应滨海相、陆相、滨海相沉积相。查明了丁字湾近岸浅地层结构及沉积特征,为该区的发展规划、海洋工程建设提供地质依据。 相似文献
14.
中新统海相烃源岩是中国近海莺歌海盆地主要油气供给层段，也是我国新生代海相烃源岩的典型代表。综合利用地质、地球化学和古生物等资料，在烃源岩有机地球化学特征分析的基础上，探讨了莺歌海盆地中新统海相烃源岩发育的主控因素，并建立了相应的形成模式。结果表明，莺歌海盆地发育中等-好级别的中新统海相烃源岩，并具有较强的横向与纵向非均质性；中新统海相烃源岩受古气候、古生产力、水介质条件、沉积速率及海平面变化等因素的综合影响，发育以莺东斜坡带梅山组、三亚组为代表的海相陆源型和以东方区、乐东区梅山组为代表的海相内源型2种模式，其中以海相内源型烃源岩生烃条件最为优越。 相似文献
15.
Using a bottom simulating reflector(BSR) on a seismic profile to identify marine gas hydrate is a traditional seismic exploration method. However, owing to the abundance differences between the gas hydrate and free gas in different regions, the BSR may be unremarkable on the seismic profile and invisible in certain cases. With the improvement of exploration precision, difficulty arises in meeting the requirements of distinguishing the abundance differences in the gas hydrate based on BSR. Hence, we studied other sensitive attributes to ascertain the existence of gas hydrate and its abundance variations, eventually improving the success rate of drilling and productivity. In this paper, we analyzed the contradiction between the seismic profile data and drilling sampling data from the Blake Ridge. We extracted different attributes and performed multi-parameter constraint analysis based on the prestack elastic wave impedance inversion. Then, we compared the analysis results with the drilling sampling data. Eventually, we determined five sensitive attributes that can better indicate the existence of gas hydrate and its abundance variations. This method overcomes the limitations of recognizing the gas hydrate methods based on BSR or single inversion attribute. Moreover, the conclusions can notably improve the identification accuracy of marine gas hydrate and provide excellent reference significance for the recognition of marine gas hydrate. Notably, the different geological features of reservoirs feature different sensitivities to the prestacking attributes when using the prestack elastic inversion in different areas. 相似文献
16.
ZHOU Rong-jun LI Yong Laurence SVIRCHEV ZHANG Yong-jiu HE Deng-fa HE Yu-lin ZHAO Pei-lin WANG Zan-jun LONG Feng SU Jin-rong WANG Shi-yuan LIANG Ming-jian LIU Yu-fa KANG Chuan-chuan 《山地科学学报》2013,10(1):84-94
On Jan.31 of 2010,the Suining earthquake occurred at Suining City whch is located the center of Sichuan Basin.It is unusual for the strong earthquake to occur at the center of Sichuan Basin with a stable geotectonic environment and a low-level historical seismicity.The macro-epicenter of the earthquake is located at Moxi town of Suining city,Sichuan province,China.The earthquake intensity of the epicenter area is degree VII,and the long axis of the isoseismal line trends in NE orientation.The Suining earthquake caused the collapse or destruction of 460 family houses.The earthquake focal mechanism solution and records of the near-field seismographic stations showed the earthquake occurred at the reverse fault at a depth 34 km.Based on the waveform and focal mechanism,we consider the Suning earthquake is triggered by the reverse fault and not by the gravitational collapse or man-made explosive sources.Basing on seismic refraction profile and borehole,we consider that the earthquake is triggered by the backthrust fault of Moxi anticline rooted in detachments at a depth 3-4 km.Furthermore,we infer that tectonic mechanism of the Suining(Ms5.0) Earthquake is driven by the horizontal crustal shortening and stress adjustment on a shallow detachment after the Wenchuan(Ms 8.0) earthquake. 相似文献
17.
Potential submarine geologic hazards at the entrance of the Pearl River Estuary in the northern South China Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ZHANG Zhiqiang WEI Zhiqiang HE Huizhong WEI Wei QIAN Libing LI Tuanjie 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2016,15(4):606-612
The potential submarine geologic hazards were distinguished and categorized at the entrance of the Pearl River Estuary in the northern South China Sea, based upon the analysis of side scan sonar and sub-bottom profiler surveying data of about 2500 km long, in an area about 2000 km~2 around the Wanshan Archipelago. The data obtained in the survey has the highest spatial resolution by far, which could reveal more detailed distributions and characteristics of the geologic hazards than before. In the study region, three paleo-channels that were buried about 10–30 m below the seabed were found; more than 10 shallow gas areas were discovered. The sand waves found in the region were generally small and located near the islands, and twenty pockmarks found on the seabed were mostly concentrated to north of Zhuzhou island. There are also many man-made obstacles in the region, such as wreckages, pipeline, etc. In this paper we provide a detailed distribution map of the submarine geologic hazards in this region for the first time, and discuss their formation and harmfulness, which will provide a scientific basis for marine engineering construction, marine geologic disaster prevention and mitigation. 相似文献
18.
构建海洋三维磁空间背景场模型时,解析延拓是实现不同高度磁场数据相互转换的关键。针对向下延拓数据中的高频信息极易被延拓算子放大,并包含在延拓后的磁场资料中,降低了三维磁空间背景场模型的构建精度,引入二维小波自适应阈值去噪方法,在不同小波分解阶层中设定自适应阈值,在向下延拓前去除磁测数据中的高频噪声,改善向下延拓结果。理论模型试验与实例分析表明,在不同噪声条件下,二维小波自适应阈值法可有效提高数据的信噪比,去噪效果优于传统的快速傅里叶（FFT）平滑法,从而有效改善频域迭代向下延拓结果,为三维磁空间背景场模型构建提供基础。 相似文献
19.
The compounds of sterols such as C27 ,C2s ,C29 and C30 are recorded from C-8 core of the Chukchi Sea. The double bond position is located at 5-, 5,22 as well as 22-,24-. The compound of sterols such as C27 ,C28 ,C29 are recorded from B2-9 core of the Bering Sea. The double bond position is located at 5-, 5, 22 as well as 22. The composition characteristics of sterols indicate that the substance is mainly contributed by the terrigenous origin and marine silicate organisms. The results are also suggest that the record of abnormal sterols from the surface sediments （2 -0 era）in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea represent the period from 1980s to the late 1990s. The strong signal of the Arctic warming is preserved in the sediments, which indicates the eco - environmental change responding to climatic effect of circumjacent. 相似文献
20.
��ظ�ԭ����Ե���ڵؿ�ˮƽ�˶��о� 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
??2011~2013??7?μ?3??????GPS???1????????д???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????GPS?????????????????????????1???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Σ??????????2?????-崲?????????????????????????Σ?2013-07-22??????????????Ms6.6????3????2008??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1~3 mm/a?? 相似文献