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1.
This article reports a particle image velocimetry study and the comparative results of a numerical simulation into the hydrodynamic characteristics around an artificial reef.We reveal the process of flow separation and vortex evolution,and compare the force terms generated by our artificial reef model.The numerical simulation agrees well with experimental results,showing the applicability of computational fluid dynamics to the hydrodynamics of an artificial reef.Furthermore,we numerically simulate the hydrodynamics of the reef model for seven velocities.The results show that the drag coefficient is approximately 1.21 in a self-modeling region for Reynolds numbers between 2.123×104and 9×104.Therefore,the upwelling height and current width of the flow field do not change significantly when the inflow velocity increases.Our study indicates that computational fluid dynamics can be applied to study the hydrodynamics of an artificial reef and offer clues to its construction.  相似文献   

2.
Submersible fish cages can be submerged under the water to mitigate the negative effects that arise from severe sea conditions and improve the growing environment for the farmed fish. Thus they are increasingly applied in offshore aquaculture. To ensure both safety and economic efficiency of submersible fish cages, it is important to determine the optimum submergence depth. In this study, a series of physical model experiments were conducted to investigate the hydrodynamic performance of a submersible fish cage at various submergence depths(1/6, 1/4, 1/3, and 1/2 of the water depth as well as the floating condition for reference) with a model scale of 1:20. The results of the physical model experiment for the different depths were compared to analyze the effects of submergence depths on the mooring line tension and the movement of the floating collar. The results showed that the mooring line tension and the floating collar movement significantly attenuated with increasing submergence depth. However, the attenuation tendency became stable when the fish cage reached a certain depth. According to the results, 1/3 of water depth was determined as the optimal submergence depth of the fish cages. Deeper submergence depths showed no significant advantage from a perspective of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the fish cage. The determination of the optimum submergence depth is beneficial for the structural design and operation safety of submersible net cages.  相似文献   

3.
The hydraulic system is the key component in the widely used wave energy converters (WEC). In this paper, we theoretically analyze and describe our investigation of the efficiency of the hydraulic system by simulation and model testing of the combined heaving-buoy WEC. We derive a new governing equation that includes nonlinear hydraulic resistance in the power take-off (PTO). We conducted a physical model experiment based on a 100-kW prototype and applied a hydraulic system with an energy accumulator. The model test results reveal an important parameter related to efficiency with respect to nonlinear hydraulic resistance. We also studied the relationship between the efficiency and the initial conditions. Finally, based on our numerical simulation results, we discuss the effect on efficiency of the gas content of the hydraulic fluid and ways to reduce its impact.  相似文献   

4.
The hydrodynamic forces and flow field of artificial reef models in steady flow were numerically investigated using the RNG k-ɛ turbulent model. The numerical simulation results are consistent with results observed by experimental means. A comparative study indicates that the corresponding errors of forces between calculated values and values observed in the experiment vary in the range of 2.3%–11.2% and that the corresponding errors of velocities vary in the range of 1.3%–15.8%. The flow field numerical results show that upstream and vortices exist when the current passes over and through the surface of the reef model. This study suggests that the numerical simulation method can be applied to predict the forces and flow field associated with artificial reefs.  相似文献   

5.
为了了解黄河三角洲湿地景观类型演变最优模拟模型以及景观的变化趋势,本文采用1996、2006、2016年3期黄河三角洲分类影像,分别利用CA-Markov、LCM、2种模型叠加开展变化模拟。研究发现：① 在相同驱动力因子影响下,空间模拟上LCM比CA-Markov好,数量模拟上,CA-Markov比LCM更贴合,对于变化较大研究区,综合2种模型优势来模拟该湿地变化最佳;② 对于较强的人为、自然灾害干扰,会对模拟精度有影响。在LCM模型中,驱动力相同情况下,生成适宜性图像的转移子模型数量越多,模拟精度越高。对于CA-Markov模型,比例误差系数适宜的设置对数量模拟的精度也有提升;③ 在保持2006-2016年的变化趋势下,综合2种模型模拟的2026年自然湿地面积1252.69 km 2,人工湿地面积1265.00 km 2,非湿地面积924.51 km 2。从2026年黄河三角洲模拟的结果可看出,自然、非湿地的面积减少,人工湿地大量的增加并不断向浅海区域扩张。通过对黄河三角洲湿地变化进行预测分析,可为湿地资源的合理有效利用与管理等提供科学依据。  相似文献   

6.
By applying experimental and numerical simulations, the motion performance of a semi-submersible platform with mooring positoning system under combined actions of wind and waves is studied. The numerical simulation is conducted by the method of nonlinear time domain coupled analysis, and the mooring forces are calculated by the piecewise extrapolating method. The scale in the model experiment is 1:100, and the mooring system of the model is designed with the method of equivalent water-depth truncation by comparing the numerical and the experimental results, the platform motion and mooring forces subject to wind and waves are investigated. The results indicate that the numerically simulated mooring forces agree well with the experimental results in static equivalent field, but show some difference in dynamic equivalent field; the numerically simulated platform motions coincide well with the experimental results. The maximum motion of the platform under operating conditions is 20.5 m. It means that the horizontal displacement is 2% less than the water depth, which satisfies the operating requirements.  相似文献   

7.
A new ocean wave and sea surface current monitoring system with horizontally-(HH) and vertically-(VV) polarized X-band radar was developed. Two experiments into the use of the radar system were carried out at two sites, respectively, for calibration process in Zhangzi Island of the Yellow Sea, and for validation in the Yellow Sea and South China Sea. Ocean wave parameters and sea surface current velocities were retrieved from the dual polarized radar image sequences based on an inverse method. The results obtained from dual-polarized radar data sets acquired in Zhangzi Island are compared with those from an ocean directional buoy. The results show that ocean wave parameters and sea surface current velocities retrieved from radar image sets are in a good agreement with those observed by the buoy. In particular, it has been found that the vertically-polarized radar is better than the horizontally-polarized radar in retrieving ocean wave parameters, especially in detecting the significant wave height below 1.0 m.  相似文献   

8.
岩溶含水层中的地下水是重要的可饮用水来源, 由于其复杂的水文地质特征, 采用数值模型分析和评价含水层中地下水环境极具挑战性。采用变饱和度流动方程描述含水层基质中的饱和-非饱和流动, 采用管道流方程描述岩溶管道中的层流及紊流流动, 基于流动解采用对流弥散方程分别描述基质与管道中的溶质迁移过程。根据相关实验数据以及MODFLOW-CFP程序的模拟结果对流动模拟的准确性进行验证, 并基于此开展了岩溶管道以及非饱和参数对地下水流动及污染物迁移影响的模拟。结果显示, 数值模型能很好地重现含水层中饱和区与非饱和区以及岩溶管道的地下水动态, 岩溶管道对含水层的渗流场产生了较大的影响。管道中快速流动的特性使得周围的水向其中汇集, 影响了局部流动场, 进而使得泄露的污染物质随水流进入管道, 快速向管道出口处(泉点)迁移, 突破曲线显示管道出口处的污染物浓度响应速度远快于基质中对应的位置, 非饱和参数对管道中污染物浓度的响应速率有着不同程度的影响。建立的模型完善了岩溶含水层中非饱和区地下水流动、污染物运移以及基质-管道流动与溶质运移耦合模拟等方面的工作, 加深了对岩溶含水层地下水动力学以及污染物迁移过程的认识, 对岩溶水文地质及地下水环境等方面具有重要意义。   相似文献   

9.
基于GIS的地下水流有限差数值模拟参数自动提取研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本文根据地下水流有限差模拟有关参数的空间分布特点,将其划分为点状、线状与面状空间分布参数三种类型。利用GIS的空间分析功能,研究基于GIS的点状、线状与面状空间分布参数自动提取的技术路线。通过点、线、面三者之间空间位置关系的拓扑分析,确定地下水开采井、水位动态监测井、线状与面状水系、模拟区域边界、面状参数分布区与模型空间离散格网之间的空间位置关系。经过矢量数据与栅格数据互相转换,实现地下水流有限差数值模拟有关参数的自动提取。结合地下水流有限差分数值模拟有关参数数据文件的结构,将基于GIS提取的栅格结构数据文件自动转换成模型所需结构的数据文件,达到模型参数数据文件的自动组织与提高地下水流数值模拟的效率目的。  相似文献   

10.
Based on a Lagrangian integral technique and Lagrangian particle-tracking technique,a numerical model was developed to simulate the underwater transport of oil from a deepwater spill. This model comprises two submodels: a plume dynamics model and an advection-diffusion model. The former is used to simulate the stages dominated by the initial jet momentum and plume buoyancy of the spilled oil,while the latter is used to simulate the stage dominated by the ambient current and turbulence. The model validity was verified through comparisons of the model predictions with experimental data from several laboratory flume experiments and a field experiment. To demonstrate the capability of the model further,it was applied to the simulation of a hypothetical oil spill occurring at the seabed of a deepwater oil/gas field in the South China Sea. The results of the simulation would be useful for contingency planning with regard to the emergency response to an underwater oil spill.  相似文献   

11.
受地形条件限制,我国西南山区大量房屋修建在滑坡上,存在安全隐患。探明滑坡对其上房屋的作用机理,科学指导滑坡上房屋设计和防护,对保障居民生命财产安全、促进人地和谐发展具有重要意义。基础是滑坡对其上房屋作用的直接对象,因此,以砌体结构房屋基础为研究对象,采用室内物理实验和数值模拟相结合的方法,对比分析试验与模拟中基础的变形特征,验证数值模型边界设置的可靠性,开展房屋基础在滑坡不同作用模式下变形破坏特征的研究。结果表明:建筑物基础在滑坡缓慢变形作用下的破坏模式可归纳为3种:张拉、剪切和挤压模式;房屋裂缝发育的位置与滑坡地表裂缝位置关系密切,随着滑坡主滑方向与房屋基础夹角的增大,房屋基础破坏越严重。因此,在房屋的选址和设计时,应优先利用滑坡挤压区或减小房屋长边中轴线与滑坡主滑方向的夹角。   相似文献   

12.
As a simplified model of artificial reefs, a series of plate models punched with square or circular openings are designed to investigate the effects of openings on the hydrodynamic characteristics of artificial reefs. The models are grouped by various opening numbers and opening-area ratios. They are physically tested in a water flume or used in the numerical simulation to obtain the drag force in the uniform flow with different speeds. The simulation results are found in good agreement with the experimental measurements. By the non-dimensional analysis, the drag coefficient specified to each model is achieved and the effects of openings are examined. It is found that the key factor affecting the drag coefficient is the open-area ratio. Generally, the drag coefficient is a linear function of the open area ratio with a minus slope. The empirical formulae for the square and circular openings respectively are deduced by means of the multiple regression analysis based on the measured and numerical data. They will be good references for the design of new artificial reefs. As a result of numerical simulation, the vorticity contours and pressure distribution are also presented in this work to better understand the hydrodynamic characteristics of different models.  相似文献   

13.
A Constrained Interpolation Profile(CIP)-based model is developed to predict the mooring force of a two- dimensional floating oil storage tank under wave conditions, which is validated against to a newly performed experiment. In the experiment, a box-shaped floating oil storage apparatus is used. Computations are performed by an improved CIP-based Cartesian grid model, in which the THINC/SW scheme(THINC: tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing; SW: Slope Weighting), is used for interface capturing. A multiphase flow solver is adopted to treat the water-air-body interactions. The Immersed Boundary Method(IBM) is implemented to treat the body surface. Main attention is paid to the sum force of mooring line and velocity field around the body. It is found that the sum force of the mooring line increases with increasing wave amplitude. The body suffers from water wave impact and large body motions occur near the free surface. The vortex occurs near the sharp edge, i.e., the sharp bottom corners of the floating oil storage tank and the vortex shedding can be captured by the present numerical model. The present model could be further improved by including turbulence model which is currently under development. Comparison between the computational mooring forces and the measured mooring forces is presented with a reasonable agreement. The developed numerical model can predict the mooring line forces very well.  相似文献   

14.
The investigation on hydrodynamic characteristics of a cage is important for its application in the deep-sea aquaculture in our country. With finite element method, the beam element is used to simulate a three-dimensional metal chain net, and the connector element is introduced as the interaction between metal net lines. A mechanical model for the metal net is constructed to simulate the hydrodynamic characteristics of a metal net subjected to fluid current forces. The static simulation results show that the relative errors of the displacements are 2.13%, 4.19%, 6.64%, and 11.35% compared with static concentrated load tests under concentrated forces of 20, 40, 60, and 80 N, respectively. Both the transient hydrodynamic deformations and drag forces of the netting structures under different current velocities are obtained by solving the hydrodynamic equation of the netting structure. The average relative error of the current forces obtained by numerical simulations shows an 8.13% deviation from the drag tests of the metal nets in the tank under five current velocities. The effectiveness and precision of the simulation approach are verified by static and dynamic tests. The proposed simulation approach will provide a good foundation for the further investigation of the hydrodynamic characteristics of deep-sea aquaculture metal cages and the parameter design for the safety of such cage systems.  相似文献   

15.
A finite difference model for solving Navier Stokes equations with turbulence taken into account is used to investigate viscous liquid sloshing-wave interaction with baffles in a tank. The volume-of-fluid and virtual boundary force methods are employed to simulate free surface flow interaction with structures. A liquid sloshing experimental apparatus was established to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model, as well as to study nonlinear sloshing in a prismatic tank with the baffles. Damping effects of sloshing in a rectangular tank with bottom-mounted vertical baffles and vertical baffles touching the free surface are studied numerically and experimentally. Good agreement is obtained between the present numerical results and experimental data. The numerical results match well with the current experimental data for strong nonlinear sloshing with large free surface slopes. The reduction in sloshing-wave elevation and impact pressure induced by the bottom-mounted vertical baffle and the vertical baffle touching the free surface is estimated by varying the external excitation frequency and the location and height of the vertical baffle under horizontal excitation.  相似文献   

16.
To improve the efficiency of a CycloBio fluidized sand bed(CB FSB) in removal of dissolved wastes in recirculating aquaculture systems, the hydrodynamics of solid-liquid flow was investigated using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) modeling tools. The dynamic characteristics of silica sand within the CB FSB were determined using three-dimensional, unsteady-state simulations with the granular Eulerian multiphase approach and the RNG k-ε turbulence model, and the simulation results were validated using available lab-scale measurements. The bed expansion of CB FSB increased with the increase in water inflow rate in numerical simulations. Upon validation, the simulation involving 0.55 mm particles, the Gidaspow correlation for drag coefficient model and the Syamlal-O'Brien correlation for kinetic granular viscosity showed the closest match to the experimental results. The volume fraction of numerical simulations peaked as the wall was approached. The hydrodynamics of a pilot-scale CB FSB was simulated in order to predict the range of water flow to avoid the silica sand overflowing. The numerical simulations were in agreement with the experimental results qualitatively and quantitatively, and thus can be used to study the hydrodynamics of solid-liquid multiphase flow in CB FSB, which is of importance to the design, optimization, and amplification of CB FSBs.  相似文献   

17.
Three-stranded rope is widely used in fishing gear and mooring system. Results of numerical simulation are presented for flow around a three-stranded rope in uniform flow. The simulation was carried out to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of pressure and velocity fields of steady incompressible laminar and turbulent wakes behind a three-stranded rope. A three-cylinder configuration and single circular cylinder configuration are used to model the three-stranded rope in the two-dimensional simulation. The governing equations, Navier-Stokes equations, are solved by using two-dimensional finite volume method. The turbulence flow is simulated using Standard κ-ε model and Shear-Stress Transport κ-ω(SST) model. The drag of the three-cylinder model and single cylinder model is calculated for different Reynolds numbers by using control volume analysis method. The pressure coefficient is also calculated for the turbulent model and laminar model based on the control surface method. From the comparison of the drag coefficient and the pressure of the single cylinder and three-cylinder models, it is found that the drag coefficients of the three-cylinder model are generally 1.3–1.5 times those of the single circular cylinder for different Reynolds numbers. Comparing the numerical results with water tank test data, the results of the three-cylinder model are closer to the experiment results than the single cylinder model results.  相似文献   

18.
Both wave-frequency (WF) and low-frequency (LF) components of mooring tension are in principle non-Gaussian due to nonlinearities in the dynamic system. This paper conducts a comprehensive investigation of applicable probability density functions (PDFs) of mooring tension amplitudes used to assess mooring-line fatigue damage via the spectral method. Short-term statistical characteristics of mooring-line tension responses are firstly investigated, in which the discrepancy arising from Gaussian approximation is revealed by comparing kurtosis and skewness coefficients. Several distribution functions based on present analytical spectral methods are selected to express the statistical distribution of the mooring-line tension amplitudes. Results indicate that the Gamma-type distribution and a linear combination of Dirlik and Tovo-Benasciutti formulas are suitable for separate WF and LF mooring tension components. A novel parametric method based on nonlinear transformations and stochastic optimization is then proposed to increase the effectiveness of mooring-line fatigue assessment due to non-Gaussian bimodal tension responses. Using time domain simulation as a benchmark, its accuracy is further validated using a numerical case study of a moored semi-submersible platform.  相似文献   

19.
基于2013年芦山M7.0地震近场区域深反射剖面和P波、S波层析成像资料，使用接触单元模拟断层非线性破裂过程，利用二维有限元法模拟芦山地震强地面运动。在信度检验的基础上研究震源应力降和粘聚力参数对于水平向基岩地震动参数的影响。研究发现，芦山地震上盘场址处水平地震动峰值加速度明显大于下盘场址处结果，且衰减速度更慢，呈现上下盘效应特征；应力降和粘聚力对地表水平向基岩地震动均具较为明显的正向影响作用，其中应力降对0.05～1.00 s短周期成分作用明显，粘聚力则对1.00～6.00 s中长周期成分具有显著影响。  相似文献   

20.
水下的地质雷达探测与常规的地质雷达探测具有显著的不同点。文中对CPML吸收边界条件的公式进行推导,并通过数值模拟对均匀介质以及非均匀介质中吸收边界条件的吸收效果进行了验证,数值模拟的波场快照证明了CPML吸收边界条件在水下的地质雷达数值模拟中具有很好的吸收效果。通过对水平层状介质模型以及倾斜层状介质模型开展数值模拟,并结合实际探测的雷达图像,证明地质雷达对于水下地层的探测能够取得良好的效果;通过对空洞体位于不同深度时的数值模拟,证明了地质雷达对于水下的空洞探测也能对其位置及规模进行较为准确的判断。这为水下地质灾害的探测提供了理论依据及指导。  相似文献   

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