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1.
我们除了对该区侏罗、白垩及第三系地层中的泥质岩类(含部分泥质粉砂岩、泥灰岩)进行了详细的岩性和沉积特征的研究外,还对其所含的微量元素类型、含量及其分布规律做了系统的研究。由于在沉积过程中沉积物与沉积环境水介质间存在着一系列复杂的地球化学平衡,如沉积物与界面水之间的物质交换、沉积物质对元素的吸附,以及胶体的凝聚等。这种物质的聚集、交换,以及元素的再分配,不仅仅和元素本身的性质有关,同时还受制于各种外界条件,如母岩的风化特点、物质与元素的搬运状态、以及古气候、古沉积环境、水介质特征等。因此,在不同的背景条件下,微量元素的聚集与分散会呈现某 相似文献
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Biogeochemical interactions between a suite of trace elements and nutrients were examined in a series of experimental mesocosm experiments to understand how multiple stressors affect estuarine environments and how these effects are modified by the complexity of the system used to examine them. Experimental treatment included additions of nutrients and trace elements separately and combined, along with a gradient in experimental system complexity. Eight mesocosm experiments were carried out from 1996 through 1998. Increased nutrients generally decreased dissolved trace element concentrations, in large part through an increase in phytoplankton biomass, but also by increasing the concentration of metals in the particles. Trace element additions increased dissolved nutrients by decreasing phytoplankton biomass. The presence of sediments reduced both dissolved trace element and nutrient concentrations. Other complexity treatments had weaker effects on both dissolved nutrients and trace elements. Many of the observed effects appeared to be seasonal, occurring only in spring, or their magnitude was greater in spring. This may be linked to a change from phosphorus to nitrogen limitation that often occurs in the Patuxent River estuary in the late spring or early summer period. 相似文献
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G. Panagopoulos 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(5):1067-1082
The Trifilia karst aquifer presents a complex hydrochemical character due to the intricate geochemical processes that take
place in the area. Their discernment was achieved by using the chemical analyses of major, trace elements and boron isotopes.
Major ion composition indicates mixing between seawater and freshwater is occurring. Five hydrochemical zones corresponding
to five respective groundwater types were distinguished, in which the chemical composition of groundwater is influenced mainly
due to the different salinization grade of the aquifer. The relatively increased temperature of the aquifer indicates the
presence of hydrothermal waters. Boron isotopes and trace elements indicate that the intruding seawater has been hydrothermally
altered, as it is shown by the δ11B depleted signature and the increased concentrations of Li and Sr. Trace elements analyses showed that the groundwater is
enriched in various metallic elements, which derive from the solid hydrocarbons (bitumens), contained in the carbonate sediments
of the Tripolis zone. The concentration of these trace elements depends on the redox environment. Thus, in reductive conditions
As, Mn, Co and NH4 concentrations are high, in oxidized conditions the V, Se, Mo, Tl and U concentration increases while Ni is not redox sensitive
and present high concentration in both environments. 相似文献
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M. E. Essington 《Environmental Geology》1989,13(1):59-66
A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the influence of hydration and recarbonation on the solidphase distribution of trace elements in retorted oil shale. The oil shale samples were retorted by the Paraho direct heating process and equilibrated with deionized—distilled water under controlled carbon dioxide conditions. A sequential extraction technique was then used to fractionate trace elements into soluble, KNO3-extractable (easily exchangeable), H2O-extractable (easily adsorbed), NaOh-extractable (organic), EDTA-extractable (carbonate), HNO3-extractable (sulfide), and residual (nonextractable silicate) phases. The chemical fractions present in retorted oil shale and hydrated and recarbonated retorted oil shale were compared to identify trace element mineralogical changes that may occur in retorted oil shale disposal environments.Trace elements examined in this study were found to reside predominantly in the HNO3-extractable and residual fractions. Hydration of retorted oil shale resulted in a shift in the majority of trace elements from residual to extractable forms. Cobalt, nickel, and zinc extractabilities were not significantly influenced by hydration, whereas antimony increased in the residual fraction. Subjecting retorted oil shale to atmospheric (0.033%) and 10% CO2(g) levels over a nine-month equilibration period resulted in partial and full recarbonation, respectively. As the influence of recarbonation increased, trace elements reverted to residual forms. Vanadium, choromium, copper, zinc, antimony, and molybdenum in the 10% CO2(g) recarbonated material were more resistant to sequential extraction than in retorted oil shale, whereas strontium, barium, and manganese were less resistant to sequential extraction. The extractabilities of cobalt, nickel, and lead were not affected by recarbonation. Recarbonation did not result in a predicted increase in EDTA-extractable trace elements. In general, the amounts of trace elements extracted by EDTA (and correlated to carbonate forms) were invariant with respect to equilibrium CO2(g) levels.A significant result of this study was that the mineralogical residencies of trace elements in retorted oil shale were altered in response to conditions that may be present in a disposal environment. Thus, the long-term release of trace elements in retorted oil shale disposal environments may not be adequately predicted by applying the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). 相似文献
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L. I. Kolmykova E. M. Korobova B. N. Ryzhenko V. Yu. Berezkin V. M. Shkinev I. N. Gromyak 《Geochemistry International》2017,55(5):496-501
Membrane filtration technique was applied to study the distribution of iodine and some other chemical elements (iron, manganese, aluminum, and silicon) in natural waters between different sized fractions (>0.45, 0.45–0.22, 0.22–0.1, and <0.1 μm). The paper presents analysis of factors able to modify the proportions of the adsorbed and dissolved species of the elements in waters. It is proved that up to 90% of the total amount of the iodine ion occurs in aquatic environments in the form of dissolved species (according to the current standard, in the fraction < 0.45 μm), with approximately 49% of the total concentration corresponding to the fraction of <0.10 μm. An increase in the acidity of the waters and their enrichment in finely divided organic and mineral material, and also an increase in Fe and Mn concentrations, may increase in the concentrations of the trace element in the particulate matter (up to 26% of the total iodide concentration). The greatest variations in iodine distribution between different fractions are found in the surface waters. 相似文献
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磷灰石广泛分布于火成岩、沉积岩和变质岩中,是一种常见的、包含丰富微量元素的副矿物。磷灰石晶格可容纳丰富的微量元素,且因其形成的物理化学条件不同会表现出差异明显的微量元素特征。利用磷灰石微量元素特征可以追踪物质来源和演化。现在常用的方法是利用磷灰石的微量元素绘制二元判别图解,经典判别图解包括Sr-Y、Sr-Mn、Y-(Eu/Eu^(*))和(Ce/Yb)_(N)-REE图解。随着微区测试技术发展,磷灰石微量元素数据日渐丰富,同时由于磷灰石化学成分的复杂性,传统图解已逐渐无法有效利用这些数据所携带的信息,进而无法准确判别其生成环境。建立能准确判别磷灰石物源的新型判别图解故而迫切。近年来,磷灰石微量元素数据的大量积累,为运用以大数据为依托,准确判别磷灰石物源奠定了数据基础。本研究将大数据技术与地球化学数据相结合,共收集整理了1925个代表性磷灰石测试点的微量元素数据,对富碱性火成岩、超镁铁质岩石、镁铁质火成岩、长英质花岗岩、中-低级变质岩、高级变质岩六种类型中磷灰石微量元素数据进行穷举端元处理,共获得7140个磷灰石物源判别图解端元组合,在轮廓系数限定下,进一步有效筛选并提取出能判别磷灰石物源类型的最优图解端元。本文构建了Eu/Y-Ce磷灰石判别新图解,相较于之前的磷灰石判别图解,其涵盖了更全面的物源类型,可以更准确地判别源区类型。 相似文献
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Minor phases which strongly concentrate selected trace elements,termed here ‘carrier-phases’, release relativelylarge amounts of those elements to the liquid phase when theyare eliminated during partial melting and glean relatively largeamounts of those elements when they first appear during progressivecrystallization. It is characteristic of such relationshipsthat concentrations of the selected trace elements in the bulkresidues of partial melting will rise to a peak somewhat beforethe last of the carrier-phase is eliminated during progressivemelting. In the liquids produced during equilibrium partialmelting a corresponding peak in the concentration of the traceelement occurs at the point where the carrier-phase is eliminated;the corresponding peak in trace element concentration in theliquids produced by accumulated perfect fractional melting isfound somewhat above that point. These peaks become more sharplyaccentuated as the distribution coefficient of the trace elementinto the carrier-phase increases. The highest trace elementconcentration in a partial melt liquid product is found in thesmall drop of liquid produced during perfect fractional meltingat the point where the carrier-phase is eliminated. Still higherconcentrations may be found in the first cumulates containingthe carrier-phase which precipitate during perfect fractionalcrystallization but the corresponding liquids do not containexceptionally high concentrations. Under favourable conditionsa large proportion of the available mass of a trace elementin a magmatic system may be transferred from the solid to theliquid phases or vice versa with only a small change in themass fraction of liquid in and energy content of the system.Within that range, separation of otherwise very similarly behavedtrace elements becomes possible. Further complexities ariseand the opportunities for separation increase when two carrier-phasescompete with differing success for the same group of trace elements. KEY WORDS: platinum; uranium; chromite; sulphide; distribution coefficient 相似文献
11.
古近系心组红岗段是广东三水盆地的主要生油层,以一套黑—灰黑色页岩沉积为主,其富含有机质、纹层理发育良好的岩层与相对贫有机质、含微体生物化石的微扰动层交替出现。根据纹层状页岩与生物扰动页岩的C-S-Fe关系以及对氧化还原条件敏感的痕量元素(Mo、U、V、Co、Ni、Pb和Cu)地球化学记录,对这两种不同岩相的地球化学特征及其所反映的水体氧化还原条件进行了分析。纹层状页岩的TOC、S含量和DOPT值均较高,TOC-S、TOC-DOPT显示较弱的相关性;而生物扰动页岩的TOC、S含量和DOPT值相对较低,TOC-S、TOC-DOPT相关性显著。痕量元素在两种岩相中的分布也有差别,各元素在纹层状页岩中的丰度均高于生物扰动页岩,尤其是Mo和U具有较高的丰度水平、且在不同岩相中显示明显差别。黑色页岩中的C-S-Fe关系和痕量元素(特别是Mo和U)分布反映了心组红岗段沉积时期湖盆水体的氧化还原条件变化。生物扰动页岩沉积期间,底部水体主要为氧化环境,间歇性出现贫氧条件,硫酸盐还原作用发生于沉积物/水界面及其以下沉积物中。纹层状页岩形成于缺氧的底部水体条件下,水体和沉积物中均可含H2S,为有机质保存以及对氧化还原条件敏感的痕量元素的富集提供了有利条件。 相似文献
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淮南矿区煤中12种微量元素的赋存状态及环境效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究淮南矿区煤中微量元素的赋存状态和环境效应,在淮南矿区7个矿井共采集17个样品,采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定了12种微量元素的含量,分别利用聚类分析和因子分析,结合其地球化学性质,讨论了它们的赋存状态,并采用静态燃烧实验研究其挥发性。结果表明:研究的元素没有异常富集;Zn和Cu赋存于闪锌矿中,Cr、Pb和Cd被粘土矿物吸附,Ba可能赋存于铁白云石和方解石中,Ni、Mo、Co和As主要赋存于黄铁矿中,Be和Se以有机结合态存在;研究的元素大多不易挥发,但Zn和Pb易挥发,且含量较高,环境危害较大,Zn和Pb分别赋存于闪锌矿和粘土矿物中,可通过洗选脱除减小其危害。 相似文献
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Thierry Corrge 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,88(1-3):380
Human-induced pollution in coastal areas can significantly increase the concentration of some trace elements in the marine environment. In the tropics, scleractinian corals incorporate these trace elements in their living parts and skeleton. The potential of corals to monitor pollution through time is reviewed in this contribution. The strength and weakness of corals as pollution indicators are discussed, and a few examples are shown. Although some progress should be made in the understanding of the processes ruling the incorporation of trace elements in coralline aragonite, it is concluded that large environmental changes are well recorded by coral skeletons. 相似文献
14.
贵州西部煤层中若干有害微量元素的分布及迁移富集规律 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
焦建伟 《华北地质矿产杂志》1998,13(3):236-242
煤中有害微量元素不仅影响煤的加工利用,而且对生态环境及人类健康有极大危害,本文利用现代分析测试手段,对贵州西部晚二叠世主采煤层中的有害微量元素Ａｓ,Ｆ,Ｈｇ,Ｐｔ,Ｃｄ等的含量,分布赋存状态及其迁移富集规律进行了研究。 相似文献
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煤中微量元素研究进展 总被引：30，自引：3，他引：30
煤炭是我国的主要能源，在煤炭开采、运输、洗选、淋溶（滤）、燃烧等其它加工利用过程中，煤中的微量元素要发生迁移、析出，并入侵到大气、水、土壤和生态环境中，最终影响人类生存和生活环境。煤中微量元素十分重要，是因为它们与环境问题、动、植物及人类健康密切相关。在研究微量元素时必须考虑微量元素的性质及毒性，它们主要依靠其含量、种类、存在形式、pH值、氧化-还原条件及其它因素。在全面综合国内外研究文献的基础上，分析了煤中微量元素的发现、分布规律、赋存状态、成因机理及微量元素的应用等方面研究的历史、现状，并对今后研究的重点内容和发展方向进行了较为详细的论述和分析，并指出在进一步深入研究煤中微量元素地球化学的基础上，加强微量元素环境学方面的研究是今后煤中微量元素环境地球化学研究的重要内容。 相似文献
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渭北中阶煤中微量元素残留烃-无机矿物亲和性及其对煤成烃影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用数理统计相关分析法研究了渭北中阶煤中微量元素和残留烃的有机亲和性,提出了亲和系数的重要概念。发现微量元素在煤中有机质和矿物质中以及不同有机质之间有明显的分配规律。还阐释了渭北中阶煤中微量元素表现出不同于准噶尔低阶煤的和有机碳、S1高度关联的现象。认为这与不同成煤环境中微量元素不同的生烃催化效应有关,也与煤变质中其大分子结构中的芳香核缩合、官能团脱落以及成烃过程中微量元素在不同有机质中的重新“分配”、“迁移”有关,还与微量元素对不同成熟度的干酪根和轻重组分不同的烃类选择性富集有关。 相似文献
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Sixty-eight samples of sediment collected on a variably-spaced grid pattern from Pamlico River Estuary of North Carolina were
analyzed for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Ni, Pb, U, Zn, clay, and organic matter. The major objectives of the study were to determine
background and anomalous levels of trace elements in the sediments, and the effects of human activities on concentration and
distribution of trace elements in the sediments.
Clay and organic matter are more concentrated near the center of the estuary. This causes the highest concentration of trace
elements in the sediments to be located there also owing to their preferential uptake of these elements. Highest trace element
concentrations were observed in clay and organic matter near industrial sites, housing developments, and tributary mouths
that drain areas of human activity. The apparent increase in trace element contents of fine sediments in Pamlico River Estuary
owing to human activities is 4 to 1,750 times normal background levels. 相似文献
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新疆北部中二叠统烃源岩地球化学特征与沉积环境 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
首次对新疆北部准噶尔、吐哈及伊犁盆地中二叠统碳酸盐岩类、泥岩类烃源岩的微量元素、稀土元素和有机地球化学丰度进行了系统分析 ,其主要特征是微量元素含量与同类岩石的克拉克值相比 ,有的较高 ,有的偏低 ;轻稀土富集程度较高 ,重稀土相对较低 ,Ce/ Ce*具有较明显的正异常 ,反映出烃源岩沉积环境总体为还原环境。有机地球化学分析证实 ,烃源岩中微量元素含量对沉积水体中生物的分布有一定的影响 ,部分微量元素丰度与有机质含量呈明显的正相关关系。还原程度强的沉积相带是原始有机质沉积的良好场所 ,沉积有机质能及时沉积、保存 ,烃源岩大多有机质丰度高 ;反之 ,则明显变差 相似文献
20.
积雪中记录的痕量元素含量,能很好地评估当地大气污染状况。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）,对2018年1月和3月采自新疆北部的天山北坡、伊犁河谷、塔城地区和阿勒泰地区的积雪样品进行了16种痕量元素测试。结果表明：北疆地区积雪中痕量元素含量的平均值在0.06 ng·g-1（Cd）～1 481.1 ng·g-1（Al）之间。时间分布上,消融期多数痕量元素浓度低于积累期、稳定期;Pb、Cr等元素消融期含量高于其他时期,可能与外源输入有关。空间分布上,塔城地区和天山北坡的多数痕量元素含量高出伊犁河谷和阿勒泰地区1~3倍。与其他地区雪冰中痕量元素含量对比,发现新疆北部高出青藏高原北部1~3倍,与受人类活动影响较大的天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川相应痕量元素浓度接近,揭示了新疆北部积雪中痕量元素较高的浓度特征。元素富集系数表明,Fe、Be等元素主要来自地壳粉尘,Pb、Cd、Zn、As等元素呈显著富集（EFc>10）,受人类排放活动主导。结合后向气团轨迹分析,塔城地区的痕量元素可能受到哈萨克斯坦的影响,阿勒泰地区的痕量元素可能受到中亚、阿尔泰山南缘等地的影响,天山北坡与伊犁河谷主要受新疆本地气团的影响。 相似文献