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1.
Jianxiu Qiu Xingguo Mo Suxia Liu Zhonghui Lin 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,118(1-2):159-171
Soil moisture variability of various spatial scales is analyzed based on empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method using soil moisture datasets with various spatial resolutions: 1 km eco-hydrological model simulation, 0.25° passive microwave (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System, AMSR-E) dataset, and 0.5° land surface model simulation from Climate Predictor Center (CPC). All three datasets generate EOFs that explain similar variances with those generated from in situ observations from agro-meteorological network. Using AMSR-E product and eco-hydrological model simulation, it is found that the primary spatial pattern of soil moisture obtained from watershed scale has a strong connection to topographic attributes, followed by soil texture and rainfall variability, as suggested by the correlation between the primary EOF mode (EOF1) of soil moisture and landscape attributes. However, the EOF analysis of both AMSR-E and CPC datasets at regional scale reaches the conclusion that soil texture indices, such as sand and clay content, is of higher importance to soil moisture EOF1 spatial pattern (explaining 61 % variance) than topography is. Furthermore, correlation between soil moisture EOF1 and soil property is higher in spring than in autumn, which indicates that soil water-holding and drainage capabilities are more important under dry conditions. At national scale, the combined effects of topographic feature and soil property are clearly exhibited in EOF1. The study results reveal that different emphases should be placed on accurate acquisition of landscape attributes for soil moisture estimation according to various spatial scales. 相似文献
2.
经验正交函数展开精度的稳定性研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
在文献[1]中,我们已从理论和数值模拟两个方面研究了用经验正交函数作基函数缩减气候数值模式自由度的可行性与有效性。用理论模型作数值试验的结果是令人满意的,应用于实际气候数值模拟,一个还需考虑的关键问题是大气外强迫等各种因子变化允许的范围内,对实际资料作EOF展开的稳定性问题。本文分别用1951—1984年500 hPa月平均高度距平场资料,1966—1975年500 hPa候平均高度距平场资料,1965—1978年夏季500 hPa逐日高度距平场资料作EOF展开,并提出了经验正交函数展开精度稳定性的判断方法,旨在证明实际资料EOF展开在大气外强迫等各种因子变化的允许范围内是稳定的,以便为我们用实际资料的经验正交函数作基函数建立一个合理的简化动力模型提供坚实的资料基础。 相似文献
3.
欧亚土壤湿度异常对北半球大气环流的显著影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
用44 a ERA40再分析资料的土壤湿度和大气环流变量场, 研究持续性的欧亚大陆土壤湿度异常对后期北半球大尺度大气环流的反馈作用。首先,运用经验正交函数分解去除ENSO遥相关及趋势影响后,分析了欧亚大陆中高纬度土壤湿度变率主要模态的季节变化特征,及相对应主分量时间序列显示的土壤湿度异常的衰减时间,结果表明土壤湿度异常的主要模态在全年都表现出很好的连续性。其次,对不同季节的连续3个月的月平均土壤湿度和500 hPa高度场进行滞后最大协方差分析,研究欧亚地区中高纬度土壤湿度异常与北半球大气环流异常之间的线性耦合。第一最大协方差模态的结果表明:全年的主导信号是大气强迫土壤湿度的变化,但在冬季和夏季,大气中类似于负位相北极涛动的环流型与之前月份(最长达4个月)土壤湿度的持续变化显著相关。最后,基于土壤湿度变率中心的回归分析也证实了秋季和春季欧亚土壤湿度,特别是北非副热带,欧亚内陆和西伯利亚地区的土壤湿度异常,分别与其后的冬季和夏季的大气环流显著相关。欧亚大陆土壤湿度异常超前大气环流的信号,将有助于改善冬季和夏季北半球季节气候预报能力。 相似文献
4.
中国夏季气温对东亚土壤湿度异常响应的统计评估 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于欧亚夏季土壤湿度变化特征及其与中国夏季气温的相关分析,选取东亚地区作为土壤湿度异常影响中国夏季气温的陆面关键区,采用广义平衡反馈分析方法(GEFA)探讨了我国夏季气温对东亚地区土壤湿度异常的可能响应,并初步讨论了相关的物理过程。结果表明:中国夏季气温与东亚地区初夏和同期的土壤湿度异常具有密切的联系;进一步分析表明,夏季气温距平场对土壤湿度第一模态的响应最显著:当东亚中纬度及我国东部地区土壤湿度异常偏干时,夏季气温表现为一致增暖;而土壤湿度第二模态对长江流域至我国西部地区的气温有较弱的强迫作用;气温对第三模态的响应主要表现为华南地区的显著降温。并以对气温影响最为显著的土壤湿度异常第一模态为例,初步探讨了气温对土壤湿度异常响应的可能物理过程。当贝加尔湖以南以及我国东部的土壤偏干时,地表异常加热容易引起我国北方高层大气出现明显正异常和低层的反气旋性异常环流,上述环流异常容易导致温度偏高,同时不利于该区域降水的发生,进而导致土壤湿度偏低,上述正反馈机制可能是该区域土壤湿度与大气之间联系的一种可能途径。 相似文献
5.
R. Tomozeiu A. Busuioc V. Marletto F. Zinoni C. Cacciamani 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2000,67(3-4):193-200
Summary The main characteristics of the spatial and temporal variability of summer precipitation observed in 40 rainfall stations
of the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy, are analysed for the period 1922 to 1995. Non-parametric tests and Empirical
Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis were used as tools in order to achieve the paper’s objective. The Pettitt and Mann-Kendall
tests detect shift points and trends in the precipitation time series, respectively, while the EOF analysis reveals the main
characteristics of spatial variability. The Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT) was used to detect the inhomogeneity of
the data set.
Almost all stations exhibit an increasing trend with a systematic significant upward shift around 1962. The climate signal
is more significant in the north-western, central and north-eastern part of the region, and the spatial extension strongly
depends on the network density and the time period analysed. The change in summer precipitation is mainly due to a change
during August and is confirmed by the SNHT test which does not reveal an inhomogeneity in the series.
The first EOF pattern indicates that a common large-scale process could be responsible for summer precipitation variability
in the Emilia-Romagna region. The second EOF pattern shows an opposite sign of climate variability between north-western and
south-eastern areas. The Apennine mountains show the largest climate variability in the summer precipitation field.
Received March 8, 2000 Revised July 17, 2000 相似文献
6.
Three 40-member ensemble experiments and a 700?year control run are used to study initial value predictability in the North Pacific in Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3). Our focus is on the leading two empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of subsurface temperature variability, which together produce an eastward propagating mode. Predictability is measured by relative entropy, which compares both the mean and spread of predictions of ensembles to the model??s climatological distribution of states. Despite the fact that EOF1, which is structurally similar to the observational Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), has pronounced spectral peaks on decadal time scales, its predictability is less than 6?years. Additional predictability resides in the tendency of EOF1 to evolve to EOF2, primarily through simple advective processes. The propagating mode represented by the combination of EOF1 and EOF2 is predictable for about a decade. Information in both the mean and spread of predicted ensembles contribute to this predictability. Among the leading 15 EOFs, EOF1 is the least predictable mode in terms of the rate at which the corresponding principal component disperses in the ensemble experiments. However, it can produce enhanced predictability of the whole system by inducing EOF2, which is one of the two EOFs with the slowest dispersion rate. The first two EOFs can also enhance the ensemble mean (or ??signal??) component of predictability of the entire system. For typical amplitude initial states, this component contributes to predictability for about 6?years. For initial states with unusually high amplitude projections onto these two EOFs, this contribution can last much longer. The major findings from the three ensemble experiments are replicated and generalized when the initial condition predictability for each of many hundreds of different initial states is estimated. These estimates are derived from the behavior of a linear inverse model (LIM) that is based on the intrinsic variability present in the control run. 相似文献
7.
本研究利用欧洲中心ERA5再分析资料的逐日土壤湿度（土壤体积含水量）、降水量、位势高度场以及风场数据,重点分析了1981～2020年高原春季浅层（0～7 cm）土壤湿度的时空变化特征,并探讨了青藏高原土壤湿度与高原季风的关系。青藏高原春季土壤湿度西北偏干,东南部相对偏湿的分布特征。对高原春季土壤湿度进行经验正交函数（EOF）分析后发现,其第一模态呈中部与东、西部反向变化特征,该模态存在准3年（2～4年）的振荡周期,这一周期特征在2000～2010年表现的更为显著;第二模态呈南北反向分布,较好地表征高原地区气候带与下垫面覆盖状况。研究发现,高原夏季风与高原春季土壤湿度变化之间存在密切的隔季相关,高原夏季风异常变化是翌年春季土壤湿度变化的主要原因。 相似文献
8.
Summary An Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis has been applied to NOAA/NESDIS snow concentration data. The major modes of variability in January Northern Hemisphere snow concentration have been extracted and analysed. The analysis was completed separately over Eurasia and North America. Strong, coherent patterns were found for each of the first three EOFs that were analysed over both continents. Over Eurasia the first EOF showed much of Europe as well as western and central Asia in phase but eastern Asia of the opposite phase although the signal was somewhat weaker. North America had a very similar first EOF with a large positive anomaly centered over Montana reaching loadings of over 0.8. East of the Great Lakes, the anomaly changes sign, although again, its magnitude is much smaller.An EOF examination was also made of the anomalous 700 hPa geopotential height fields. These modes of variability were correlated with those of snow cover with the aim of investigating the mechanisms by which the surface boundary snow and the overlying circulation can interact. The stronger correlations were discussed and logical physical scenarios were presented for each. The results indicate that there was no common pattern whereby one medium was always forcing the other but rather a complex array of interactions where each medium could influence the other. To support the physical basis of the relationships being depicted by the EOF study, a case study of January 1981 was made.The presence of intercontinental relationships was also investigated and such relations were strongly suggested. It was proposed that the large scale organisation of the atmosphere between the two continents could go some way to explaining these links in snow variability.With 6 Figures 相似文献
9.
Ivana Tošić Ivana Hrnjak Milivoj B. Gavrilov Miroslava Unkašević Slobodan B. Marković Tin Lukić 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,117(1-2):331-341
Annual and seasonal variability of precipitation observed at 92 stations in Vojvodina (Serbia) were analyzed during the period 1946–2006. The rainfall series were examined by means of the empirical orthogonal functions (EOF). The first set of singular vectors explains from 68.8 % (in summer) to 81.8 % (in winter) of the total variance. The temporal variability of the time series associated with the main EOF configurations (the principal components, PCs) was examined using the Mann–Kendall test and the spectral analysis. The time series of PC1 revealed decreasing trend in the winter and spring precipitation and increasing trend in the autumn, summer, and annual precipitation. The relationships between the first PC and circulation patterns, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the East Atlantic (EA) pattern, and East Atlantic/West Russia pattern, were also investigated. The PC1, displaying temporal behavior of the first mode, demonstrated evident correspondence with the NAO index in analysis of the annual, winter, and autumn precipitation. Power spectra of the PC1 show statistically significant oscillations of about 3.3 years for the spring precipitation and about 8 and 15 years for the winter precipitation. Comparisons with spectral analysis of authors for some regions in Europe, most of them in the Mediterranean domain, show that similar periodicities are detected. 相似文献
10.
On the basis of the 1950–2001 NCEP reanalysis data, space-time variability of the surface pressure (SP), surface air temperature (SAT), and precipitation fields in Eurasia is studied in connection with the 1976–1977 climate shift. The effect of the shift manifests itself in the change in the space-time structure of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) in all these fields from September to April. For SP and SAT, during this period, only two first EOFs are stable with respect to the climate shift. Also, for SAT and SP, the second EOFs are stable from November to April and from September to December, respectively. For the precipitation field, even the first EOFs are unstable during the whole period, with the exception of January and February. Instability with respect to the climate shift appears first in change in the EOF spatial pattern of the fields. Stability of the first modes of the Eurasian meteorological fields to the 1976–1977 climate shift is caused by a relative stability of the North Atlantic Oscillation, which explains up to 70 and 30% of variance of the first and second EOFs, respectively, of the hydrometeorological fields in the region. 相似文献
11.
A gridded monthly precipitable water (PW) data for 1979?C2007 from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis are used to investigate summertime interannual PW variability over Europe and its relation to the key climate parameters in the region. During summer season the first EOF mode of PW, explaining 27?C41% of its total variance, demonstrates significant month-to-month changes in its structure, thus, implying its essential non-stationarity. The second EOF mode of PW is also non-stationary during the summer season. In contrast to precipitation, both leading modes of PW are not associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), as well as with other regional teleconnections, suggesting relatively minor role of the atmospheric dynamics in atmospheric moisture variability over Europe during summer season. Analysis of links between leading EOF modes of regional PW and air temperature (AT) has revealed a strong link between PW and AT over Europe, persisting during entire summer season. Locally, these links imply that positive (negative) AT anomalies result in enhanced (decreased) PW over particular region. Revealed links between leading modes of PW and AT highlight important role of thermodynamics in summertime PW variability over Europe. Detected relatively weak and unstable links between leading modes of PW and precipitation over Europe were somewhat expected since in contrast to atmospheric moisture, regional precipitation variability is largely driven by the atmospheric dynamics (particularly, the NAO). 相似文献
12.
利用地球系统模式（CESM）开展过去2000 年气候模拟试验,在利用观测资料、再分析资料对模拟资料进行检验的基础上,探讨百年时间尺度上亚澳夏季风降水的时、空变化特征及其成因,对于认识百年尺度气候变化规律、定量区分自然因子和人类活动对亚澳夏季风的影响具有重要意义。结果表明:过去2000 年亚澳夏季风降水和温度的波动较为一致,暖期降水多,冷期降水少。两者相关系数为0.83,达到99%置信度。此外,亚澳夏季风降水存在105、130、180 a的百年尺度周期。亚澳夏季风降水经验正交函数分解第一模态在印度洋北部呈南北反向的分布型态,在东亚地区呈负、正、负的分布型态;第二模态在印度洋北部呈正、负、正的分布型态,在东亚地区呈全区一致型的分布型态。经验正交函数分解第一特征向量和第二特征向量的正、负值中心大多出现在印度洋北部地区,南北呈不对称分布。亚澳夏季风降水的105 a周期主要受火山活动和土地利用/覆盖的影响,130 a周期主要受太阳辐射、气候系统内部变率的影响,180 a周期主要受火山活动的影响。从经验正交函数分解第一特征向量来看,整个亚澳夏季风降水主要受土地利用/覆盖、太阳辐射的影响;第二特征向量表明亚澳夏季风降水在百年际空间变化上主要受太阳辐射和气候系统内部变率的影响;第三特征向量表明亚澳夏季风降水在百年际空间变化上主要受气候系统内部变率和温室气体的影响。该研究对揭示百年际时间尺度气候变化特征、辨识影响气候变化的自然因素与人为因素、理解其影响气候的物理机制等具有重要意义,也为应对该区域气候变化提供了参考依据。 相似文献
13.
本文基于44年ERA40再分析月平均土壤湿度资料和大气环流变量场资料,去除ENSO遥相关以及趋势影响后,利用滞后最大协方差方法分析非洲南部地区土壤湿度分布与南半球大气环流异常之间的线性耦合。第一最大协方差模态的结果表明:在南半球冬季（Jun-Jul-Aug,6～8月）和夏季（Jan-Feb-Mar,1～3月）,大气中类似南极涛动（Antarctic Oscillation,简称AAO）正位相的环流型与超前月份（最长时间达到5个月）的非洲南部地区土壤湿度的异常分布显著相关。基于土壤湿度变率中心的线性回归分析方法证实非洲南部地区其北部土壤湿度正异常、中南部土壤湿度负异常的空间分布对后期夏季和冬季的大气有显著的反馈作用。诊断结果显示由于夏秋季节和春季初夏非洲南部地区土壤湿度异常均有显著的持续性,同时对后期AAO产生持续增强作用,所以滞后最大协方差方法可以检测出它们对后期AAO的显著影响。以上非洲南部地区土壤湿度异常超前于南极涛动的信号,将有助于加强对土壤湿度反馈机制及其对南半球大尺度环流变率影响的认识。 相似文献
14.
June-Yi Lee Bin Wang Q. Ding K.-J. Ha J.-B. Ahn A. Kumar B. Stern O. Alves 《Climate Dynamics》2011,37(5-6):1189-1203
The retrospective forecast skill of three coupled climate models (NCEP CFS, GFDL CM2.1, and CAWCR POAMA 1.5) and their multi-model ensemble (MME) is evaluated, focusing on the Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer upper-tropospheric circulation along with surface temperature and precipitation for the 25-year period of 1981–2005. The seasonal prediction skill for the NH 200-hPa geopotential height basically comes from the coupled models’ ability in predicting the first two empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes of interannual variability, because the models cannot replicate the residual higher modes. The first two leading EOF modes of the summer 200-hPa circulation account for about 84% (35.4%) of the total variability over the NH tropics (extratropics) and offer a hint of realizable potential predictability. The MME is able to predict both spatial and temporal characteristics of the first EOF mode (EOF1) even at a 5-month lead (January initial condition) with a pattern correlation coefficient (PCC) skill of 0.96 and a temporal correlation coefficient (TCC) skill of 0.62. This long-lead predictability of the EOF1 comes mainly from the prolonged impacts of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) as the EOF1 tends to occur during the summer after the mature phase of ENSO. The second EOF mode (EOF2), on the other hand, is related to the developing ENSO and also the interdecadal variability of the sea surface temperature over the North Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean. The MME also captures the EOF2 at a 5-month lead with a PCC skill of 0.87 and a TCC skill of 0.67, but these skills are mainly obtained from the zonally symmetric component of the EOF2, not the prominent wavelike structure, the so-called circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) pattern. In both observation and the 1-month lead MME prediction, the first two leading modes are accompanied by significant rainfall and surface air temperature anomalies in the continental regions of the NH extratropics. The MME’s success in predicting the EOF1 (EOF2) is likely to lead to a better prediction of JJA precipitation anomalies over East Asia and the North Pacific (central and southern Europe and western North America). 相似文献
15.
Robust GEFA Assessment of Climate Feedback to SST EOF Modes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Atmospheric response to SST variability was estimated using generalized equilibrium feedback analysis (GEFA) in the SST EOF space with synthesis data from an idealized climate model. Results show that the GEFA atmospheric response to the leading SST EOF modes is much more accurate and robust than the GEFA feedback matrix in physical space. Therefore, GEFA provides a practical method for assessing atmospheric response to large-scale SST anomalies in terms of the leading EOFs. 相似文献
16.
本文利用中国西南喀斯特区域内该区域内全部31个农业气候站点1991～2013年50cm层土壤湿度(体积含水量)旬资料，应用线性趋势分析、EOF空间分解方法，详细分析其时空演变特征，进一步认识中国西南喀斯特地区土壤湿度的时空演变特征，结果表明:(1)西南喀斯特地区中层土壤湿度多年平均的空间大小及分布具有明显的区域性差异。(2)1991～2013年季节平均中，中层秋季的土壤湿度整体最高，夏季土壤湿度的低值区范围最大，反映了西南喀斯特地区土壤的独特性。(3)中层土壤湿度年际变化有明显的“南升北降”空间分布特征，相应线性趋势分析和EOF的结果也同样印证了这一主要特征。(4)50cm的年际变化较稳定且波动趋势较小；整体的土壤湿度以夏、秋季最高，春、冬季较低。 相似文献
17.
The interdecadal and interannual variability of the Mediterranean Sea surface temperature (SST), presented by the first and second modes of empirical orthogonal functions (EOF), respectively, is studied using the 1951–2000 data. It is demonstrated that the spatial and temporal structure of the first EOF mode, reflecting interdecadal SST variations, is similar in all seasons, and, thus, is a manifestation of a global signal that is not subject to significant seasonal changes and whose origin is common for all seasons. On the contrary, the second EOF mode, reflecting the interannual variability of the Mediterranean Sea surface temperature and presented by a zonally oriented dipole, demonstrates its well pronounced seasonality. It is found that the character of temporal variability of this mode is specific for each season. The seasonality is also pronounced in significant variability of the mode contribution to the total SST variability. The above-noted seasonal differences are indicative of various mechanisms of formation of the interannual SST variability in the Mediterranean Sea. 相似文献
18.
We examine the spatial patterns of variability of annual-mean temperature in the control runs of eight coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) and of observations. We characterize the patterns of variability using empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) and using a new technique based on what we call quasi-EOFs. The quasi-EOFs are computed based on the spatial pattern of the correlation between the temperature variation at a given grid point and the temperature defined over a pre-determined reference region, with a different region used for each quasi-EOF. For the first four quasi-EOFs, the reference regions are: the entire globe, the Niño3 region, Western Europe, and Siberia. Since the latter three regions are the centers of strong anomalies associated with the El Niño, North Atlantic, and Siberian oscillations, respectively, the spatial pattern of the covariance with temperature in these regions gives the structure of the model or observed El Niño, North Atlantic, and Siberian components of variability. When EOF analysis is applied to the model control runs, the patterns produced generally have no similarity to the EOF patterns produced from observational data. This is due in some cases to large NAO-like variability appearing as part of EOF1 along with ENSO-like variability, rather than as separate EOF modes. This is a disadvantage of EOF analysis. The fraction of the model time-space variation explained by these unrealistic modes of variability is generally greater than the fraction explained by the principal observed modes of variability. When qEOF analysis is applied to the model data, all three natural modes of variability are seen to a much greater extent. However, the fraction of global time-space variability that is accounted for by the model ENSO variability is, in our analysis, less than observed for all models except the HadCM2 model, but within 20% for another three models. The space-time variation accounted for by the other modes is comparable to or somewhat larger than that observed in all models. As another teleconnection indicator, we examined both Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and its relation to tropical Pacific Ocean temperature variations (the qEOF2 amplitude), and the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) and its relation to North Atlantic region temperatures (the qEOF3 amplitude). All models exhibit a relationship between these indices, and the qEOF amplitudes are comparable to those observed. Furthermore, the models show realistic spatial patterns in the correlation between local temperature variations and these indices. 相似文献
19.
Spatial and temporal variability of winter and summer precipitation over Serbia and Montenegro 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
I. Tošić 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2004,77(1-2):47-56
Summary The main characteristics of the spatial and temporal variability of winter and summer precipitation observed at 30 stations in Serbia and Montenegro were analysed for the period 1951–2000. The rainfall series were examined spatially by means of Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) and temporally by means of the Mann-Kendall test and spectral analysis. The Alexandersson test was used to detect the inhomogeneity of the data set.The EOF analysis gave three winter and summer dominant modes of variations, which explained 89.7% and 70.4% of the variance, respectively. The time series associated with the first pattern showed a decreasing trend in winter precipitation. The spectral analysis showed a 16-year oscillation for the dominant winter pattern, around a 3-year oscillation for the dominant summer pattern, and a quasi-cycle of 2.5 years for the winter third pattern. 相似文献
20.
基于秦岭及周边地区394站气象观测资料、欧洲中期数值预报中心(ECMWF)再分析ERA-Interim数据,利用小波和回归等分析方法,讨论了秦岭及周边地区夏季降水年际变化的主模态以及与其相联系的大气环流异常。结果表明:1)在年际变化的时间尺度上,秦岭及周边地区夏季降水主要表现为秦岭南北降水的气候差异性变化(EOF1)、黄土高原第二地形抬升带与其两侧降水的反位相振荡(EOF2)、秦岭西南部降水正异常和其东北部降水负异常变化(EOF3)和关中平原的地形降水贡献(EOF4)4个模态,其解释方差总贡献为73%,并且具有显著的2~4 a周期,其中EOF3和EOF4还具有4~8 a左右的年际变化周期。2)回归分析表明,EOF1正位相环流特征表现为200 hPa急流偏弱,中纬度槽填塞,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏弱,有来源于东海的水汽输送,使得秦岭北部降水偏多;EOF2和EOF3分别具有显著的蒙古低压和东北冷涡环流特征;EOF4的500 hPa环流异常不显著。3)根据新定义的秦岭季风指数回归分析表明,回归场的季风指数和降水模态的时间系数显著相关,秦岭北部降水偏多(少),南部降水偏少(多),反映了强(弱)季风年的年际转换。反之则具有多态性,不同年份强(弱)秦岭回归季风指数的环流形势存在较大的差异,可能触发多种降水模态和位相振荡。 相似文献