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微生物修复石油污染地下水的实验研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为修复陕北黄土区石油污染地下水,采用优化土著微生物菌群的生物技术,进行了地下水中石油的降解与修复实验研究。在实验装置内加入了1.5%的优化菌群制剂,优化出的菌群初步鉴定主要有:假单胞菌属、微球菌属、放线菌属、真菌类的青霉属和曲霉属等。实验结果显示,在实验装置中人为添加石油含量为182.5 mg/l、862.5 mg/l、1695.0 mg/l时,经过28~37 d的微生物修复,地下水中石油的降解率为27.47%~92.46%,而无菌对照中的石油含量变化在5%以内,说明在无菌条件下地下水中石油降解缓慢。该实验过程验证了微生物修复技术在地下水石油污染修复中的有效性,探索了应用的可行性。 相似文献
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为使含水层中苯胺污染的原位修复过程高效安全且不产生二次污染,提出了一种电化学-水动力循环下的井内生物反应器修复地下水中苯胺的方法.在水动力循环系统的驱动下,评价了苯胺在水动力循环系统的挥发情况并且通过电化学手段提供氧气,井内生物反应器提供修复载体,在砂槽模拟的含水层体系中开展井内生物反应器降解苯胺的修复实验,并对生长曲线及含水层中苯胺修复进行了模拟.289 h的修复使体系内苯胺平均浓度从298 mg/L降低到132 mg/L,去除率为56.5%.运行过程中,监测点苯胺平均浓度在48 h内去除速率为1.10 mg/（L·h）,48~72 h内去除速率为0.85 mg/（L·h）,72 h到289 h内苯胺去除速率维持在0.65 mg/（L·h）,氧化降解逐步减弱.该过程符合Michaelis-Menten方程,反应速率为:-6.71×10-7/（15+t）2.该修复系统是基于地下水动力循环技术的改进,有望应用于有机污染地下水修复. 相似文献
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利用实验室含水层物质微环境实验,对地下水中常见有机污染物苯和甲苯在厌氧反硝化条件下的微生物降解进行了研究。通过１０种方案实验结果的分析对比,所得重要结论如下：在加强了的反硝化条件下,微生物利用ＮＯ－３作为电子受体降解苯和甲苯;降解苯和甲苯的反硝化细菌来自于含水层物质;微生物所需的宏量营养由苯、甲苯和硝酸盐提供,痕量元素来自于含水层物质;环境的酸碱条件对微生物降解具有重要影响,ｐＨ值过高或过低均抑制微生物降解作用的产生。 相似文献
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利用厌氧微生物降解法, 以醋酸根为碳源, 考察了高氯酸盐在不同浓度的硝酸盐还原环境下的生物降解能力, 分析硝酸盐对高氯酸盐生物降解的影响.实验结果表明, 10mg/L的高氯酸盐在不同浓度硝酸盐环境下均可被富集培养物降解.20mg/L硝酸盐还原环境中, 高氯酸盐的降解未受到抑制; 在碳源充足的条件下, 100mg/L、200mg/L及500mg/L的硝酸盐环境中, 高氯酸盐降解出现滞后期, 分别为7d、13d和38d.反应初期, 高氯酸盐降解滞后是由于硝酸盐为优先级别较高的电子受体, 更易于被微生物利用.随着硝酸盐快速降解和亚硝酸盐的累积, 高氯酸盐降解停滞可能是由于电子竞争和较高浓度的亚硝酸盐对高氯酸盐降解菌酶活性产生毒性抑制这两方面共同作用的结果. 相似文献
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零价铁和硝基苯反应后生成二价铁和苯胺,而苯胺也是地下水污染物。硫酸根自由基具有强氧化性,可以降解苯胺。而二价铁可以活化过硫酸盐产生硫酸根自由基,进而去除苯胺。本文研究了二价铁浓度、过硫酸盐浓度、苯胺初始浓度、体系初始pH、反应温度等因素对二价铁活化过硫酸盐去除水中苯胺处理效率的影响。结果表明:1)Fe2+活化过硫酸盐生成SO-4·能快速并有效氧化降解苯胺,对于目标浓度为1 000 mg/L的苯胺而言,Fe2+浓度为3.3 mmol/L,Na2S2O8浓度为4.4 mmol/L时,对苯胺有较佳降解效果,苯胺的降解率为86.33%。2体系对较低浓度的苯胺降解效果较好,当污染物初始浓度由1 000 mg/L降低到500 mg/L和100 mg/L时,苯胺降解率由86.33%升高为90.27%和97.16%。3初始pH对苯胺的降解率影响较大,中性条件下(pH=7左右)降解率较好,高初始pH(pH=9,11)和低初始pH条件(pH=3,5)下均低于中性条件下苯胺的降解效率。4体系的温度变化对降解率影响不明显。 相似文献
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包气带作为防止地下水硝酸盐污染的天然屏障,其反硝化效果通常受到碳源的限制。针对地下水硝酸盐污染防治技术现状,本文采用Ca(OH)2处理的玉米芯作为反硝化的碳源材料,构建包气带强化反应层,用响应曲面法研究硝酸盐浓度、含水量和温度的交互作用对脱氮性能影响,并用硝态氮去除率、亚硝态氮累积、pH值变化以及溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon, DOC)淋失通量综合评价脱氮性能,最后采用高通量测序揭示脱氮层中微生物变化。研究结果表明:温度、含水量以及温度和含水量交互作用对硝态氮去除率影响显著,其中温度是反硝化过程中最关键的因素;系统运行74天后,硝态氮去除率达到50%,亚硝态氮累积量(以N计)大多低于3 mg/L,pH值维持在7.0左右,DOC淋失通量(以C计)介于0.10.2 mg/(cm2·d);高通量测序发现,脱氮层中微生物的丰富度降低,而与反硝化和碳分解有关的微生物相对丰度提高,在碳源的刺激下微生物向有利于脱氮的方向演变。 相似文献
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三氯乙烯（TCE）是一种地下水中常见的有机污染物,传统的地下水循环井修复技术虽然有效但耗时长,且需配套地面处理。文章研发了一种电化学循环井耦合修复体系,以期通过顺序化学氧化 -还原作用高效快速降解地下水中TCE。以地下水循环井为基础,通过抽水井中的地下水电解,原位提供O2和H2,投加Fe（Ⅱ） -EDTA络合物活化O2产生羟基自由基氧化降解TCE,进而利用钯催化剂催化剩余的H2还原降解TCE。在二维砂槽模拟含水层中评价了该体系的运行效果,含水层中初始TCE浓度为7.50 mg/L,经过13天的连续通电处理后,TCE浓度降低到1.65 mg/L,降解率达到78%。处理后Cl-浓度相应增加118.20 μmol/L,接近于TCE降解量（44.50 μmol/L）的3倍,证明TCE近乎完全脱氯。运行过程中,TCE平均降解速率由0~5 d的0.90 mg/(L·d) 降低到9~13 d的0.10 mg/(L·d),氧化降解主要发生在前期阶段,钯催化还原效率较为稳定,后期两种过程降解效率都逐渐下降,主要原因是溶解态Fe（Ⅱ）浓度减少以及钯催化剂活性降低。该耦合修复体系是基于地下水循环井技术的改进,其氧化 -还原作用机理有望实现地下水中多种不同有机污染物的降解。 相似文献
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人工回灌过程中,回灌水的注入使目的含水层地下水环境发生变化,微生物条件也会随之改变,从而影响地下水环境质量及水文地球化学作用。以上海市某人工回灌试验场为例,在分析人工回灌过程中水化学演化特点的基础上,应用DGGE技术对场地回灌过程中地下水中的微生物群落结构变化进行研究,为评价人工回灌对地下水水质安全的影响提供科学的理论依据。结果表明:人工回灌作用使目的含水层地下水中的Eh值及DO质量浓度升高,分别由64.0 mV、1.12 mg/L升至534.4 mV、1.44 mg/L;同一位置处微生物群落结构与原始地下水状态的相似性随时间降低;同一时刻距离回灌井越远的监测井的微生物群落结构越接近于原始地下水状态。随着回灌的进行,目的含水层地下水中优势菌属(种)共有7种,其中Rubrivivax gelatinosus和Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis clade IIA str.的反硝化能力以及Rhodoferax ferrireducens对Fe3+的还原能力,对地下水水化学组分产生影响。 相似文献
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张士灌区细河流域地下水及土壤中有机污染严重,其中多环芳烃菲超标。从研究区污染土壤中取土著微生物,控制实验条件与研究区潜水环境一致,通过实验室选择性富集培养分离出20株以菲为唯一碳源和能源的细菌。经降解实验,在温度为10℃、pH值为7.5的环境条件下筛选出1株在9天内对菲(50mg/L)的降解率达到85%以上的菌株BC。该菌株在温度为5~30℃,pH为6.0~9.0条件下15天内对菲的降解率可达到96%以上。研究结果为张士污灌区及相似地区地下水和土壤环境中菲的原位生物降解法的应用提供了技术依据。 相似文献
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WuYaoguo WangHui ZhangWencun SunWeijian 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2005,16(2):183-188
INTRODUCTION Riverbankfiltration(RBF)isaprocessbywhich surfacewaterissubjectedtogroundpassagebeforebe ingcollectedandusedasadrinkingwatersource(His cockandGrischek,2002;Rayetal.,2002;Doussanet al.,1997).Duringinfiltrationandtravelthroughthe riverbedandaquifersediments,surfacewaterissubjec tedtoacombinationofphysical,chemical,andbiologi calprocessesthatcansignificantlyimprovetherawwa terquality(HiscockandGrischek,2002).Thus,RBF hasbeenusedasapretreatedmethodtoimprovedrink ingwate… 相似文献
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The Kuihe River is in Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. It contains high concentrations of nitrogen. The water in the Kuihe River recharges
the groundwater via riverbank filtration (RBF) along the Xucun and Huangqiao reaches, which are characterized by unsaturated
and saturated percolations, respectively. The two sections were selected to study the effectiveness of RBF to the nitrogen
removal from the infiltrating river water. The results showed that the RBF in the saturated percolation had the potential
to remove the nitrogen through biochemical processes. The nitrogen-removal rates were more than 95% over the monitoring period.
However, the RBF in the unsaturated percolation resulted mainly from the physical process and thus had no efficacy for nitrogen
removal. 相似文献
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Hydraulic analysis of a radial collector well for riverbank filtration near Nakdong River, South Korea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A radial collector well is used for the extraction of a large amount of groundwater without causing a deep drawdown at the well??s center, and it is appropriate for the supply of municipal water through riverbank filtration (RBF). Flow path changes caused by water extraction through a radial collector well were simulated to estimate the amount of river water induction at a RBF site associated with Nakdong River in South Korea. The structure of the screened horizontal arms of a radial collector well was examined with respect to effective riverbank filtration. The relative ratio of the river water induced to the radial collector well compared to the total groundwater extraction was estimated to be 27?C52%. The amount of induced river water varies with the distance of a horizontal arm from the river, indicating that the location and structure of the collector well is significant for RBF. In all simulation cases, the maximum drawdown of the groundwater level near the collector well was 2.1?m, which is not significant considering the substantial pumping rate at the study site. It was concluded that RBF radial collector wells can be used at the study site for a sustainable water supply. 相似文献
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Ali M. Hamdan Mahmoud M. Sensoy Mali S. Mansour 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(11):4155-4165
Riverbank filtration (RBF) is an efficient and low-cost natural alternative technology for water supply application in which surface water contaminants are removed or degraded as the infiltrating water moves from the river to the pumping wells. In this study, a full-scale RBF site consisting of three vertical wells installed 50 m from Nile bank was investigated. The RBF systems are particularly well suited for providing better water quality than withdrawal directly from the Nile River to produce drinking water for New Aswan city. The study is carried out by taking samples over 1 year from riverbank filtrates wells, Nile River (as induced surface water), and some production wells were collected and analyzed. Physicochemical and microbiological measurements such as turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, total organic carbon, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, pH, Fe, Mn, NH3, NO2, NO3, PO4, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, SO4, Cl, total bacteria, and total coliform were carried out. The results of bank filtrate were compared with those of the natural groundwater and previous reported Nile water. Chemical and bacterial quality parameters of RBF are under the allowable limits for drinking water. Moreover, bank filtration is simultaneously improved the ambient groundwater and cleaned Nile water in the studied area. Result of this full-scale RBF plant showed the effectiveness of riverbank filtration as a proven treatment technique in Nile Valley with a fraction of cost comparing to conventional surface treatment plants. 相似文献
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针对河岸崩塌问题分析和研究,在考虑江河水位升降引起坡外水压力变化及坡内非稳定渗流基础上,同时考虑水流冲刷引起的河床冲深及河岸后退,提出了水流冲刷过程中的边坡临界滑动场和适用于天然江河崩岸的数值模拟,并对水流冲刷过程中的崩岸问题进行了分析。通过对两类不同土质岸坡的崩岸数值模拟,分析了水流冲刷引起的河床冲深及河岸后退过程中坡体的稳定性变化,探讨了不同土质岸坡的崩岸类型及崩塌模式。结果表明,坡度较陡的黏性岸坡崩塌时趋近于平面破坏且通过坡脚;坡度较缓的粉土岸坡崩塌时沿曲面破坏,且在水位骤降过程中易发生局部崩塌。 相似文献
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在第二松花江傍河开采适宜性评价的基础上,根据研究区的地质和水文地质条件,建立了水文地质概念模型及相应的数学模型,建立了基于Visual MODFlow的地下水流数值模型;以地下水水位降深不大于含水砂层厚度的1/3为准则,通过使预测流场与允许降深条件下的流场尽量接近,给出了第二松花江干流傍河开采条件下的地下水允许开采量。结果表明:现状年条件下区域地下水资源开采强度较小,而傍河开采条件下各适宜区地下水开采潜力巨大,在多年平均降水保证率条件下,地下水允许开采量可达140×104 m3/d;适度规模傍河开采可引起地表水与地下水转化关系的变化,但不会对河流生态功能产生不利影响。 相似文献
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This study approach seeks to characterize the hydraulic interactions between the Nile and the Quaternary aquifer via riverbank filtration (RBF) in Abu Tieg area, Assuit Governorate. The substantial removal/reduction of the most problematic substances during percolation of Nile water into abstraction wells was investigated using physico-chemical and biological indicators. Four sites with 11 municipal wells (20–750 m from the Nile) tapping the alluvial aquifer that is fed by the riverbank infiltrate were monitored. Bank-filtrated water was compared with those of the Nile and groundwater. Results showed that infiltrated Nile water ratio into the wells ranged from 39 to 80% reflecting the effect of distance from the Nile. Removal efficiency of total algal, total and faecal coliforms in bank-filtered water was 99.9%, while turbidity removal ranged from 93 to 98%. Fe, Mn and Zn in the bank-filtered water were relatively higher than those in the Nile, but were still under the allowable standards except those of Mn. LSI and WQI for the bank-filtered water indicated that the water was ranked as non-corrosive and of excellent quality. Comparison of physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of the bank-filtered water with those of the Nile and groundwater showed the high efficiency of RBF as a treatment technology with minimal cost compared to conventional methods. 相似文献