共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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2013—2015年由中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心牵头开展了中国地质调查局地质调查项目“西北边境地区国土资源遥感综合调查”,我国西北边境高寒、高海拔地区的冰冻圈遥感调查是其中一项重要内容。冰冻圈遥感调查的主要进展有: 基于地形地貌、地温分布和坡度坡向特征等综合信息完成了藏北等地区的多年冻土范围调查; 利用高分1号(GF-1)宽幅数据和Landsat数据,对2013年1月—2014年12月期间阿里西部地区近10 000 km2的积雪覆盖情况进行了连续19个期次的动态监测; 基于1999—2013年间的Landsat多期影像,对班公湖和斯潘古尔湖冷季6个月份的湖冰覆盖情况进行了动态调查。 相似文献
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根据历史文献以及巨野、梁山、戴庙钻孔剖面的分析与研究及对东平湖底沉积的调查,确定了大野泽、梁山泊、安山湖、东平湖的沉积记录,提出东平湖由大野泽、梁山泊、安山湖演化而来。通过对东平湖演化与黄河决口和改道关系的分析与对比,指出历史时期东平湖演化历程与黄河关系密切,经历了黄河决口注入和改道流经湖区,河水注入、湖面扩大,河徙水退、湖面萎缩。黄河第一次大改道期间注入和一次改道流经大野泽。黄河第二次大改道期间两次注入、其中一次改道流经大野泽,水面北侵形成梁山泊。黄河第三次大改道期间三次决口注入,两次改道流经梁山泊,湖面进一步扩大成“八百里梁山泊”,之后黄河仅数次决入,水源短缺,湖面萎缩。黄河第四次大改道期间未流入梁山泊,湖面进一步缩小。黄河第五次大改道期间曾两次注入梁山泊,湖面又扩大成为一片泽国,而后断绝黄河水源,被分成安山湖等北五湖,梁山泊岁久填淤,变湖为陆。黄河第六次大改道期间黄河水源断绝,北五湖水面北移,逐渐萎缩消失,仅安山湖经历一次黄河决入,并淤塞而成东平湖,黄河水断绝时湖底干涸,黄河大汛期曾倒灌入湖。 相似文献
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利用多期Landsat-5 TM影像,结合植被分带信息、地物波谱特征和实地调查数据,提取上海地区滩涂湿地分布及其覆盖信息;在ArcGIS软件支持下,综合多期遥感影像解译结果和相应时段的水下地形信息,对上海市滩涂湿地空间分布及其变化进行分析。结果表明,近15年来上海市滩涂围垦量在不断增加;尽管滩涂湿地仍在继续淤涨,但淤涨速度明显减缓,且慢于围垦速度,这导致中高潮滩涂面积不断减少。 相似文献
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通过对腾格里沙漠地区遥感影像信息分析与野外实地调查,圈定出大小盐湖122个,查明了盐湖的空间分布规律,划分了图兰泰湖-头道湖、白碱湖-西硝池、苏武山湖-汤家海、鸡龙同古-和屯、通古楼诺尔-巴彦达来五个盐湖分布区,对各分布区盐湖的成因类型、沉积特征、成矿规律及资源状况进行了研究,为进一步勘查、开发和利用本区资源提供了依据。 相似文献
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文章利用Landsat8卫星影像数据,结合黔南碳酸盐岩岩性图、黔南构造要素图等地质资料,以石灰岩、白云岩以及石灰岩与白云岩互层三类岩组地层作为切入点,获取并分析了黔南地区碳酸盐岩的空间分布特征及其在遥感影像上的表现特征。结果发现:①石灰岩地层在影像上总体显示为色调单一、地形高差大,基本无水系和建设用地分布;白云岩地层在影像上总体表现为色调丰富、水系发育、建设用地分布多;石灰岩与白云岩互层地层总体影像特征介于二者之间。②分布于不同构造发育区域的碳酸盐岩岩组地层在遥感影像上的表现特征差异较大,即使是同种岩性的地层也会由于受到节理、断层、向斜和背斜等构造的影响形成形态各异的影像。 相似文献
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新疆玛纳斯湖近50年来的变迁 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用近30年来共8期覆盖新疆玛纳斯湖地区的遥感影像(1972MSS、1976MSS、1989TM、1999ETM、2000CBERS、2001CBERS、2003CBERS和2004CBERS),最新实测的精度达到1 m分辨率的地形等高线数据、野外测量数据,结合20世纪50年代野外实地调查资料等前人研究成果,对玛纳斯湖及周围湖泊演化进行了分析。结果表明:①玛纳斯湖并非迁移湖泊而是古玛纳斯湖群的一部分;玛纳斯湖及周围湖泊自第四纪中期以来一直处于萎缩消亡状态,新构造运动使古玛纳斯湖群萎缩分裂后,残留的各小湖泊在近现代也相继萎缩、消亡;②近50年来湖泊演化可分为两个阶段:湖泊萎缩、干涸的逆向演化阶段(1949-1999/2001)和湖泊恢复的正向演化阶段(1999/2001-至今),人类活动与气候变化的叠加是湖泊演化的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Sources,Distribution and Behavior of Major and Trace Elements in a Complex Karst Lake System 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jelena Dautović Željka Fiket Jadranka Barešić Marijan Ahel Nevenka Mikac 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2014,20(1):19-38
Sources and distribution of major and trace elements were investigated in the Plitvice Lakes, a pristine cascade hydrological system of sixteen karst lakes situated in a sparsely populated area of the central Croatia. Water and surface sediment samples from 17 locations, including springs, tributaries and lakes, were analyzed for the content of 22 elements by high-resolution inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis of the collected data set showed that different springs and tributaries displayed distinct multielemental compositions, reflecting primarily the differences in their corresponding geological backgrounds. It was shown that the springs situated in the Upper and Middle Jurassic dolomite bedrock represented the main source of several trace elements, including some toxic metals (Cd, Zn, Ni and Tl), to the Plitvice Lakes system. The concentrations of most of the trace elements (Mn, Fe, Al, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Co, Cr and Tl) showed decreasing spatial trends in the downstream direction, from sources to the lakes. Such a distribution was interpreted to be a consequence of an efficient removal of the dissolved elements in the lentic parts of the system, mainly by co-precipitation with authigenic calcite and Mn oxides. Nevertheless, most of the elements in the lake sediments were highly correlated with Al, which indicated their prevalent association with terrigenic material. It was shown that the multicascade system of the Plitvice Lakes had an enhanced autopurification efficiency regarding the elimination of most of the trace metals from the aqueous phase. 相似文献
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“两湖一库”是典型的喀斯特高原湖泊,湖库周边生态环境极为脆弱,其土地利用变化对所在区域生态安全/供水安全及社会经济发展带来重要影响。基于“源－汇”理念和黔中“两湖一库”地区1998－2018年4期遥感解译数据,采用土地利用动态度模型分析近20年来“两湖一库”地区土地利用动态演变规律,并运用定量与定性分析相结合的方法探究其驱动力。结果表明:（1）1998－2018年建设用地、林地、未利用土地（主要为暂时性未利用土地）面积不断增加,水域面积波动减少,耕地、草地面积持续减少,其中建设用地和未利用土地在各时段均为变化最活跃的地类。（2）年均综合土地利用动态度由1998－2008年的1.33%提高至2008－2013年的2.4%和2013－2018年的2.3%。近10年各地类间的相互转换较10年前更为活跃。（3）主要的土地利用“源－汇”转换关系表现为耕地转为林地和建设用地、草地转为林地和耕地。（4）各地类加速向建设用地转换,建成区面积迅速扩张,“两湖一库”供水压力进一步增大。（5）人口压力、经济发展等因素是“两湖一库”地区建设用地扩张的主要驱动因素,政策因素对林地和水域面积变化有重要影响。研究结果可以为“两湖一库”地区土地利用、规划及社会－经济－生态协调发展提供参考。 相似文献
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湖泊是地球关键带的重要组成部分,是水循环、物质循环和能量循环的重要环节。为了解我国湖泊分布现状,依托中国地质调查局“生态地质调查工程”及其所属二级项目“全国地球关键带遥感地质调查”,利用Landsat8 OLI 等卫星影像数据,通过遥感解译等技术方法,识别了2018年我国境内(不包括香港、澳门与台湾地区)面积大于1.0 km2的湖泊2 780个,总面积78 727.9 km2; 研究统计并分析了我国各省/自治区、五大湖区、主要流域的湖泊数量、面积和分布特征; 针对典型区域的湖泊存在的生态问题进行分析,提出相关湖泊生态保护修复的相关建议。其中,北方农牧交错带湖泊大量萎缩干涸,主因是农业和畜牧业的发展,地下水超采严重,应着力减少地下水开采; 黄河流域人工湖建设存在无序发展、过度追求景观水面扩张等问题,应遵从水循环与水平衡自然规律,针对全流域水资源配置进行调控; 长江源区湖泊水面整体处于扩张状态,应以自然因素为主、人类活动干扰触发为辅,加强冻土变化过程以及主要河流的水生态、水环境监测,综合提高源区整体监测水平。研究成果为后续湖泊生态保护修复研究工作提供了参考。 相似文献
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黄河源区位于青藏高原东北部,区内主要为三叠系沉积地层,发育一系列由北向南的推覆构造带,间有早期近直立的韧性剪切带。笔者对黄河源地区巴颜喀拉山群沉积岩进行了磁组构分析,结果显示岩石磁化率各向异性度P值和磁化率百分率各向异性度H值均不大,反映该地区总体韧性变形较弱,较强韧性变形仅发育于局部地段;岩石磁组构具有磁面理发育、磁线理不发育、磁化率椭球呈压扁形椭球体的特点,反映在挤压应力作用下,岩石发生了压扁变形,主应力方位主要为NNE-SSW(近SN)向,其次为NE-SW向。根据岩石磁组构分析认为黄河源地区存在两条韧性剪切带,韧性剪切带与现今湖泊水体的展布有一定的耦合关系;北部韧性剪切带沿现今黄河河谷分布,控制着扎陵湖、鄂陵湖和玛多"四姐妹湖"的展布;南部韧性剪切带沿岗纳格玛错—野牛沟一线展布,控制着岗纳格玛错和尕拉拉错等残余湖泊的分布。 相似文献
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The dynamic response of lakes in the Tuohepingco Basin of the Tibetan Plateau to climate change 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is particularly sensitive to the influences of climate change. As indicators of climate change, lakes on the TP play a key role in the Earth’s climatic system. Lake Yazi (LY), Lake Tuohepingco (LT) and Lake Changtiao (LC) in the Tuohepingco Basin are three inland lakes on the plateau. The extents of LY, LT and LC were obtained using object-based image analysis for remote sensing and 22 images from Landsat satellites (from September to December between 1972 and 2015). Inter-annual changes in the extent of LY, LT and LC were then analyzed. The results show that the total area of the three lakes underwent a change from shrinkage to expansion between 1972 and 2015. In general, there was a trend toward shrinkage during 1972–1999, distinct expansion during 2000–2007 and slight expansion during 2008–2015. Moreover, we found that 14 other lakes have also expanded dramatically since 2000. Lakes at 30°N and 35°N (LY, LT and LC are also located in this region) exhibited the same dramatic period of expansion between 2000 and 2005. In other words, 2000 appears to be a critical transition point for changes in lake size on the TP. Lakes at the same latitudes in the Tibetan Plateau interior may have a similar period of dramatic expansion after 2000. The warming-triggered deglaciation or permafrost degradation, increased precipitation and decreased evapotranspiration may be the influencing factors of lake expansion in the Tuohepingco Basin. Temperature showed relatively higher correlation with lake extent, while precipitation and evaporation were slightly correlated with lake area. Given the importance of wetlands to human society, these are no trivial issues, and we now need accelerated research based on long-term and continuous remote sensing. 相似文献
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冰湖是研究气候变化的重要指标之一,了解冰湖分布和变化的特征,对认识冰川与气候之间关系和冰湖溃决灾害评估有着重要意义。运用遥感资料监测念青唐古拉山西段近40a来的冰湖分布及其变化,并结合DEM研究冰湖垂直分布的变化,探讨影响冰湖分布和变化的可能因素。研究结果表明:(1)研究区冰湖数量和面积近年来都呈迅速增加趋势,冰湖增加150个,冰湖面积增加4.384km2。气温升高、冰川融水增加是冰湖增多和面积增大的主要原因;(2)冰湖垂直分布变化明显,新增冰湖个数峰值位于海拔5 500～5 700m,占新增冰湖总数的61%;新增冰湖面积峰值在海拔5 400～5 700m,占新增湖总面积的44%;冰湖面积在大部分海拔高度上均呈扩张态势;(3)海拔高于5 400m的区域,1991-2009年新增的冰湖数量远多于1972-1991年。冰湖在高海拔区分布的变化对念青唐古拉山区冰川消融以及气候垂直变化具有一定的指示作用。 相似文献
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月海玄武岩的矿物组成反映了岩浆源区的化学成分以及岩石形成时的物理和化学环境,对月球热演化研究以及月球资源的开发利用都具有重要意义。本文选择延展范围长的冷海为研究区,基于月球矿物成像光谱仪(Moon Mineralogy Mapper,简称M3)数据研究其矿物的空间变化特征。综合利用光谱、地形、元素等多源遥感数据将冷海划分为25个地质单元。提取169条新鲜坑光谱曲线,获取吸收中心波长、波段面积比等光谱参数。通过光谱吸收特征分析,获得冷海玄武岩铁镁质矿物变化特征。东部冷海地层较老,铁镁质矿物主要为单斜辉石,辉石钙含量较月球样品单斜辉石钙偏低,与澄海以及雨海老的地层矿物组成类似。西部冷海和露湾的地质单元较为年轻,富含橄榄石。风暴洋和雨海年轻玄武岩的矿物也富含橄榄石。这种富含橄榄石、大面积分布的玄武岩反映了月球晚期热演化的独特性。尽管地理上冷海为一个独立的月海,其东西部玄武岩矿物组成的差异以及与其同位置周围月海矿物组成的类似性反映了冷海玄武岩源区与周围月海具有联系。 相似文献
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Kyle C. Fredrick Matthew W. Becker L. Shawn Matott Ashish Daw Karl Bandilla Douglas M. Flewelling 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(1):171-181
Remotely-sensed elevation data are potentially useful for constructing regional scale groundwater models, particularly in regions where ground-based data are poor or sparse. Surface-water elevations measured by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) were used to develop a regional-groundwater flow model by assuming that frozen surface waters reflect local hydraulic head (or groundwater potential). Drainage lakes (fed primarily by surface water) are designated as boundary conditions and seepage lakes and isolated wetlands (fed primarily by groundwater) are used as observation points to calibrate a numerical flow model of the 900 km2 study area in the Northern Highland Lakes Region of Wisconsin, USA. Elevation data were utilized in a geographic information system (GIS) based groundwater-modeling package that employs the analytic element method (AEM). Calibration statistics indicate that lakes and wetlands had similar influence on the parameter estimation, suggesting that wetlands might be used as observations where open water elevations are unreliable or not available. Open water elevations are often difficult to resolve in radar interferometry because unfrozen water does not return off-nadir radar signals. 相似文献
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This study of five small (<3.0 ha) lakes in southwestern Greenland examines the veracity of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (br GDGTs) as a temperature proxy in lacustrine systems. The proximity (<5 km) of the lakes suggests that their temperature history, and thus their br GDGT records, should be similar. Distributions of br GDGTs in (i) surface sediments from all five lakes, (ii) 14C-dated sediment cores from two lakes (Upper and Lower EVV Lakes) and (iii) soil samples from the area surrounding the lakes were examined. The temporal records of br GDGT-based temperature for the two cores exhibited both similarities and major discrepancies. The differences between the paleotemperature records for the two lakes suggest that br GDGTs are not solely soil-derived, reflecting air temperature, but also indicate an additional br GDGT contribution from another source. Among the broader suite of lake sediments, there was a strong correlation (R2 0.987) between br GDGT-based surface sediment temperatures and measured summer bottom water temperatures for the four lakes with hypoxic/anoxic bottom waters, including Upper EVV Lake. The correlation suggests production of br GDGTs by anaerobic bacteria within the bottom water and/or sediment–water interface, reflecting environmental temperature for the individual lakes and augmenting the uniform, soil-derived signal. Hence, assessment of br GDGTs in Greenland lake sediments provides evidence for their origin from anaerobic autochthonous bacteria and indicates that interpretation of lacustrine br GDGT-based paleotemperature records requires contextual knowledge of individual lake systems and potential source(s) of sedimentary br GDGTs. 相似文献