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1.
Modeling hydrological responses of karst spring to storm events: example of the Shuifang spring (Jinfo Mt., Chongqing,China) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Reproduction of hydrographs at karst springs has been an approach of understanding the karst aquifer, which normally acts
as drains for the groundwater flow. However, its numerical modeling is difficult since factors for the internal geometry and
connectedness are unknown and hard to quantify. Hydrographs of the karst aquifer with well-developed conduits in Shuifang
spring catchment were obtained from the automatic gauging station at the spring orifice. Data as to the conduit system were
also obtained based on results and analyses of tracer tests. With these data, the hydrological responses of Shuifang spring
to storm events were simulated by storm water management model (SWMM) developed by USA EPA (Environmental Protection Agency).
Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies are used to compare the computed flow to the observed, which are 0.95 and 0.92 for calibration
and validation. SWMM was verified and applicable in karst conduit drainage system. The model illustrated correctly quick recharge
through conduits and slow and low inflow from the fissured aquifer matrix. The SCS-CN (soil conservation service-curve number)
infiltration method was used for computation of losses and runoff. Field tests indicated that permeability was extremely high
but different in karst area, which was less sensitive to the computed runoff when exceeded the common value provided by SWMM.
Therefore, an improved quantitative infiltration model for karst area will make SWMM possible to be a useful tool for assessing
and reproducing spring hydrographs. 相似文献
2.
In the southern part of the Slovensky Kras Mountains, located on the Hungarian–Slovakian border, a transboundary karstic aquifer
Dolny vrch/Alsóhegy underlies the structure and discharges groundwater flow to 15 major karst springs around its margin. Hydrograph
recession curves from nine-gauged springs on the Slovak part of the aquifer were analysed, and for each individual spring,
depletion hydrograph equations were classified into different categories based on recessional parameters quantitatively describing
individual groundwater flow sub–regimes. Discharge depletion was used to create recessional equations, and these were linked
to karstification degree, a qualitative scale ranging from 1 to 10. A new application of hydrograph separation was based on
examining and combining pairs of springs that likely fit into the category of overflow/underflow springs for a single groundwater
reservoir. Recession-curve analysis performed on coupled discharges of two pairs of neighbouring springs was conducted to
examine their possible linkage as a single groundwater reservoir, with an overflow outlet and underflow outlet. In the process
of discharge coupling, discharges of the springs, hypothesized to be branches of the same source and observed at the same
time were simply added together. By analyzing the resulting new time series, a new classification of sub-regimes could be
generated. Surprisingly, new facts were revealed about the overflow/underflow springs, which primarily were not recognized
previously as being connected components of a single groundwater reservoir. Summations of combined overflow/underflow discharge
volumes of a single spring reservoir led to discovery of apparent presence of turbulent flow sub-regimes on the coupled recession
curve. Presence of possible overflow/underflow springs of a single groundwater basin should be considered during hydrograph
analyses if the springs have attributes that suggest they may be part of a combined flow system. Treating these springs as
separate entities as a result can produce significant misinterpretation of drainage parameters. Furthermore, identification
of overflow branches facilitates the generation of new research ideas for further speleological investigations nearby, and
for assessing the system in a more effective manner. 相似文献
3.
Igor Jemcov 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(5):767-773
The management of groundwater flow systems in karst regions appears, at present, to be the most important procedure for solving
water deficiency problems during periods of low rainfall. Faced with a lack of data for characterizing the water supply potential
of karst aquifers, analyses of spring hydrographs may provide valuable indirect information regarding the structure of karst
hydrogeological systems. To estimate the optimal exploitation capacities of karstic sources, a stochastic-conceptual approach
was applied in case studies from the Serbian karst. Water supply potentials were initially evaluated on the basis of groundwater
budgets. Further steps towards defining optimal “exploitable” regimes included analyses of storage changes in karst water
reservoirs under natural conditions and calculation of the potential expansion of currently tapped sources. The results obtained
through these analyses are a significant contribution to feasibility studies and aid in the avoidance of problems of overexploitation. 相似文献
4.
Karst groundwater management by defining protection zones based on regional geological structures and groundwater flow fields 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Yonghong Hao Tian-Chyi J. Yeh Caihong Hu Yanrong Wang Xia Li 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(3):415-422
In a semiarid region, the karst aquifer generally forms a large groundwater reservoir that can play an important role in regional water supply. But because of the specific physical properties of karst aquifers, they are vulnerable to pollution and anthropogenic impacts. Karst groundwater management strategies are vital. As representative of karst springs in a semiarid area, Niangziguan Springs is located in the east of Shanxi Province, China with an annual average rate of discharge of 10.34 m3/s (1956–2003) (Y. Liang, unpublished data). The Niangziguan Spring Basin covers an area of 7,394 km2 with an annual average precipitation of 535 mm (1958–2003) (Hao et al. in Carsologica Sinica 23(1):43–47, 2004). Over the past three decades, accelerated groundwater exploitation has caused water-table decline in the aquifer, reduction of the spring discharge, and deterioration of water quality. In this study, three protection zones were defined to ensure the quality and capacity of this resource. The confluence of the 11 spring systems and the discharge areas were defined as I protection zone, the recharge basin was II protection zone, and the slack water area where there is little surface recharge was the III protection zone. Management strategies for each zone were suggested and evaluated to provide a scientific foundation for sustainable utilization. 相似文献
5.
兰村泉域地下水是太原市经济发展和人民生活的重要水源,近年来,由于不合理的开采和水资源利用量的不断加大,已造成采域地下水位持续下降,甚至干枯,同时度污水排放量与日俱增,水体污染范围在扩展,水质污染程度有所加重.本文利用兰村采城地下水的水化学特征和类型变化,分析了采城地下水的污染程度、污染现状和发展趋势,并提出了保护采城水资源的措施. 相似文献
6.
7.
Groundwater protection in fractured media: a vulnerability-based approach for delineating protection zones in Switzerland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Alain Pochon Jean-Pierre Tripet Ronald Kozel Benjamin Meylan Michael Sinreich François Zwahlen 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(7):1267-1281
A vulnerability-based approach for delineating groundwater protection zones around springs in fractured media has been developed to implement Swiss water-protection regulations. It takes into consideration the diversity of hydrogeological conditions observed in fractured aquifers and provides individual solutions for each type of setting. A decision process allows for selecting one of three methods, depending on the spring vulnerability and the heterogeneity of the aquifer. At the first stage, an evaluation of spring vulnerability is required, which is essentially based on spring hydrographs and groundwater quality monitoring. In case of a low vulnerability of the spring, a simplified method using a fixed radius approach (“distance method”) is applied. For vulnerable springs, additional investigations must be completed during a second stage to better characterize the aquifer properties, especially in terms of heterogeneity. This second stage includes a detailed hydrogeological survey and tracer testing. If the aquifer is assessed as slightly heterogeneous, the delineation of protection zones is performed using a calculated radius approach based on tracer test results (“isochrone method”). If the heterogeneity is high, a groundwater vulnerability mapping method is applied (“DISCO method”), based on evaluating discontinuities, protective cover and runoff parameters. Each method is illustrated by a case study. 相似文献
8.
三姑泉域岩溶水边界划分研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文依据三姑泉域岩溶水边界独特的地质场、水动力场、水位动态及水文网特征等．划分、分析其边界范围和性质。正确的边界划分及其性质的确定，不仅是评价泉域岩溶水资源量的基础．也是加强水资源管理和防治水资源污染的前提。 相似文献
9.
济南泉域水质逐年变差,查明其污染来源和影响因素,对岩溶水资源开发利用及生态环境保护具有十分重要的意义,而对包含补给径流区的全区岩溶水系统分析尚未见报道.综合运用水化学(Piper三线图、离子比例系数、相关分析)和多元统计(因子分析、聚类分析)方法分析地下水水化学特征,探讨了不同区域水质影响因素及影响强度.因子分析反映了灰岩水岩作用、工业和生活污染、白云岩水岩作用、农牧业和生活污染对水化学组分的影响,贡献率依次为33.1%、28.4%、12.0%和11.8%.分析结果表明:研究区岩溶水水质受水岩作用和人类活动的双重影响;南部补给区、西郊及其以西排泄区水质优良,主要受碳酸盐岩溶解的影响;直接补给径流区部分岩溶水受农牧业和农村生活污染的影响,NO3-含量较高;东郊排泄区、城区及近郊开采区受工业及城镇生活污染的影响,水质较差,少数地段SO42-、NO3-、TDS和总硬度超标. 相似文献
10.
Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils around Manali industrial area, Chennai, Southern India 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The concentrations of heavy metals (As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mo, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) were studied in soils to understand metal
contamination due to industrialization and urbanization around Manali industrial area in Chennai, Southern India. This area
is affected by the industrial activity and saturated by industries like petrochemicals, refineries, and fertilizers generating
hazardous wastes. The contamination of the soils was assessed on the basis of geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor (EF),
contamination factor and degree of contamination. Soil samples were collected from the industrial area of Manali from the
top 10-cm-layer of the soil. Soil samples were analyzed for heavy metals by using Philips MagiX PRO-2440 Wavelength dispersive
X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The data revealed elevated concentrations of Chromium (149.8–418.0 mg/kg), Copper (22.4–372.0 mg/kg),
Nickel (11.8–78.8 mg/kg), Zinc (63.5–213.6 mg/kg) and Molybdenum (2.3–15.3 mg/kg). The concentrations of other elements were
similar to the levels in the earth’s crust or pointed to metal depletion in the soil (EF < 1). The high-EFs for some heavy
metals obtained in the soil samples show that there is a considerable heavy metal pollution, which could be correlated with
the industries in the area. Contamination sites pose significant environmental hazards for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
They are important sources of pollution and may result in ecotoxicological effects on terrestrial, groundwater and aquatic
ecosystems. In this perspective there is need for a safe dumping of waste disposal in order to minimize environmental pollution. 相似文献
11.
泸江流域是滇东南典型的喀斯特断陷盆地发育区,主干水系连接着多个断陷盆地及坡立谷.根据最新的地下水污染调查资料,流域喀斯特地下水质量总体以Ⅲ类为主,水质超Ⅲ类的岩溶水点中,东部多,西部少,且暗河占比最大,岩溶泉次之,机井最小.主要污染源是工矿企业及城镇生活垃圾污染源,研究分析了污染影响因素为环境水文地质条件的差异、污染源类型及排污强度、岩溶含水层防污性能的强弱程度和岩溶地下水污染机制的不同.详细阐述了岩溶地下水主要污染机制为落水洞或岩溶洞管灌入污染机制、溶隙溶孔含水介质渗透污染机制及浅覆盖型岩溶含水层越流渗漏污染机制.针对性的提出了3条防治对策:一是调整工业布局,切实减少、杜绝污染源;二是调查污染源及污染途径,重视环境水文地质条件对污染物迁移转化的影响;三是编制地下水开发与保护规划,制定相应的管理措施,有效保护水源. 相似文献
12.
Evaluation of groundwater quality and contamination around fluorite mineralization,Kaman region,Central Anatolia,Turkey 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Groundwater can be exposed to pollution and therefore the quality will be affected in areas of fluorite mineralization. Distribution
of fluorite mineralization in the area, its formation type and hydrogeological characteristics of these rocks are a factor
of the pollution parameters in groundwater. Syenite, nephelinesyenite and micro gabbro type alkaline rocks are exposed in
the Kaman region. Hydrothermal fluorite mineralization is formed in fractures and fissures of the syenite and nepheline-syenites
in the study area. The fluoride values of these rocks vary between 480–11990 ppm. These high fluoride concentrations in the
rocks result in fluoride contamination in groundwater. 相似文献
13.
珠江三角洲经济区主要城市不同功能区大气气溶胶中优控多环芳烃污染评价 总被引：19，自引：3，他引：16
以ＷＨＯ的苯并（ａ）芘标准和珠江三角洲经济区大气气溶胶中优控多环芳烃春季区域性背景为依据。对区内主要城市中不同功能区大气气溶胶中优控多环芳烃的污染程度进行了评价。结果表明,在相同的功能区,冬春季节大气气深胶中多环芳烃含量及污染程度较夏季的高;同为冬春季节,商业、居民集中和交通复合功能区的ＰＡＨｓ污染最为严重,交通或居民集中单一功能区次之,工业区较轻;同为夏季,工业区的ＰＡＨｓ污染程度较大,而商业或 相似文献
14.
The San Antonio-El Triunfo mining district, located at a mountainous region 45 km south-east of La Paz, Baja California,
has been worked since the late 1700s. Mine waste material produced during 200 years of mineral extraction area poses a risk
of local groundwater pollution and eventually, regional pollution to the Carrizal (west basin) and the Los Planes (east basin)
aquifers. There are different types of deposits in the mining area. These are dominated by epithermal veins, in which arsenopyrite
is an important component. Carrillo and Drever (1998a) concluded that, even though the amount of mine waste is relatively
small in comparison to the large scale area, significant As in groundwater derived from the mine waste piles is found locally
in the groundwater. This paper shows the results of geochemical analyses of groundwater samples from the San Antonio-El Triunfo
area and the Carrizal and Los Planes aquifers during several years of monitoring (1993–1997). The highest values of total
dissolved solids (TDS) and As are in the mineralized area where the mining operations occurred (∼1500 ppm TDS and 0.41 ppm
As). The lowest concentrations of TDS and As are, in general, away from the mineralized area (∼500 ppm TDS and 0.01 ppm As).
Sulfate and bicarbonate (alkalinity) are, in general, high near the mineralized area and low away from it. The arsenic concentrations
vary seasonally, especially after the heavy summer thunderstorms. Geochemical modeling (MINTEQA2 and NETPATH) and analysis
of the regional geochemical evolution of the groundwater from the mining area towards the aquifer of Los Planes shows that
the most likely hydrochemical processes include: dilution, precipitation of calcite, and adsorption of As onto surfaces of
iron oxyhydroxides (ferrihydrite). These processes act as natural controls to the extent and amount of As pollution in the
Carrizal and Los Planes aquifers.
Received: 4 May 1999 · Accepted: 22 February 2000 相似文献
15.
Mitja Janža 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(5):909-920
Karst aquifers are known for their heterogeneity and irregular complex flow patterns which make them more difficult to model
and demand specific modeling approaches. This paper presents one such approach which is based on a conceptual model. The model
was applied in a karst area of the catchment of Rižana spring (200 km2). It is based on the MIKE SHE code and incorporates
the main hydrological processes and geological features of the karst aquifer (diffuse and concentrated infiltration, allogenic
recharge, quick and slow groundwater flow, shifting groundwater divides and groundwater outflow from the catchment area).
Modeling of evapotranspiration and flow in the upper part of the unsaturated zone is more detailed. For the modeling of groundwater
flow in the karst aquifer, a conceptual model was applied which uses drainage function for the simulation of groundwater flow
through large conduits (karst channels and large fissures). The model was calibrated and validated against the observed Rižana
spring discharge which represents a measured response of the aquifer. The results of validation show that the model is able
to adequately simulate temporal evolution of the spring discharge, measured by Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (0.82) as well as
overall water balance. 相似文献
16.
Groundwater sensitivity (Ray and O’dell in Environ Geol 22:345–352, 1993a) refers to the inherent ease with which groundwater can be contaminated based on hydrogeologic characteristics. We have developed
digital methods for identifying areas of varying groundwater sensitivity for a ten county area of south central Kentucky at
a scale of 1:100,000. The study area includes extensive limestone karst sinkhole plains, with groundwater extremely sensitive
to contamination. Digitally vectorized geologic quadrangles (DVGQs) were combined with elevation data to identify both hydrogeologic
groundwater sensitivity regions and zones of “high risk runoff” where contaminants could be transported in runoff from less
sensitive to higher sensitivity (particularly karst) areas. While future work will fine-tune these maps with additional layers
of data (soils for example) as digital data have become available, using DVGQs allows a relatively rapid assessment of groundwater
sensitivity for Kentucky at a more useful scale than previously available assessment methods, such as DRASTIC and DIVERSITY.
Geographic definitions: United States of America, Kentucky, Barren River Area Development District. 相似文献
17.
Zhongmei Wang Lijun Zhu Ruidong Yang Shengyuan Yang Jianping Ding Genlan Yang 《中国地球化学学报》2012,31(2):195-203
The karst groundwater system is extremely vulnerable and easily contaminated by human activities.To understand the spatial distribution of contaminants in the groundwater of karst urban areas and contributors to the contamination,this paper employs the spatial information statistics analysis theory and method to analyze the karst groundwater environment in Guiyang City.Based on the karst ground water quality data detected in 61 detection points of the research area in the last three years,we made Kriging evaluation isoline map with some ions in the karst groundwater,such as SO4 2-,Fe 3+,Mn 2+and F -,analyzed and evaluated the spatial distribution,extension and variation of four types of ions on the basis of this isoline map.The results of the analysis show that the anomaly areas of SO4 2-,Fe 3+,Mn 2+,Fand other ions are mainly located in Baba’ao,Mawangmiao and Sanqiao in northwestern Gui- yang City as well as in its downtown area by reasons of the original non-point source pollution and the contamination caused by human activities(industrial and domestic pollution). 相似文献
18.
The effect of the Ruseifa municipal landfill on the shallow groundwater aquifers in the area was investigated in two separate sites. The first one was not used since 1994, whereas the other is still being used for dumping. Fourteen electrical resistivity soundings were performed to detect the leachate and its effect on the quality of the groundwater. Results indicated that the solid waste thickness of the landfill was ranged from 3 to 20 m with resistivity value less than 10 Ω m. Based on the resistivity decreases of values less than 5 Ω m, the leachate was detected in the landfill sites at depths ranged from 10 to 50 m. However, the flow direction of the leachate at depth ranging 10–20 m in the terminated site was toward north, whereas the flow direction of the leachate in the site still used for dumping was toward east–northeast which causes the major source of groundwater pollution. 相似文献
19.
Recharge rate estimation in the Mountain karst aquifer system of Figeh spring, Syria 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
A. Al-Charideh 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(4):1169-1178
Figeh watershed spring is one of the important groundwater aquifer, which is considered a major source for drinking waters
of Damascus city and countryside. The origin identification and recharge estimates of groundwater are significant components
of sustainable groundwater development in this Mountain karst aquifer of Figeh spring. During the period 2001–2009, monthly
groundwater and precipitation samples were taken and the isotopic compositions of δ18O, δ2H, and chloride contents were analyzed to identify groundwater origins and to estimate recharge rates. The δ18O, δ2H of the groundwater show that the groundwater recharge is of meteoric origin. The chloride mass balance (CMB) method was
used to quantify recharge rates of groundwater in the Mountain karst aquifer of Figeh spring. The recharge rate varies from
192 to 826 mm/year, which corresponds to 43 and 67% of the total annual rainfall. Recharge rates estimated by CMB were compared
with values obtained from other methods and were found to be in good agreement. This study can be used to develop effective
programs for groundwater management and development. 相似文献
20.
Due to the existence of several pollution hazards in the area and its surroundings, groundwater protection in the Viñales National Park has been defined as a priority task in its management plan for 5 years (2009–2013). Those hazards affect directly the surface waters and the karst nature of the territory allowing the contaminants to enter directly into the aquifers without any or at least small self-depuration processes. In turn, those processes can affect very large areas in a short time. In this paper several results of precedent studies related to the vulnerability, hazards, risk, and the mapping of the spatial variability of natural recharge are integrated in a GIS analysis. The methodology is based on the method of Jimenez-Madrid et al. which is slightly modified in this contribution. The analysis of hydrographs, chemographs, mathematical models and tracer tests is necessary for the definition of a response plan against any contamination events and for model validation, together with the incorporation of data related to the energetic responses from the aquifer systems to external forcing. 相似文献