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1.
博斯腾湖气候效应初探 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
由于湖面和陆面热力性质的差异,以及蒸发耗热、凝结释热等物理过程的存在,博斯腾湖对焉耆盆地的气候有明显的调节作用。如缓和气温变化、增加降水量、减少蒸发量等。博湖气候效应浅层范围仅限于焉耆盆地、效应强度随离岸距离增大而减弱,波及范围下风方大于上风方、并与湖面大小及湖容量多少的年际变化同步。博湖气候效应的环境意义在于:直接影响当地旅游、商业、运输等人类活动,影响当地土壤、水文特征、生物组成、农业资源优势、农业经济优势的形成。 相似文献
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简介气候模式,讨论以ＩＡＰ２ＬＧＭＣ模式进行河北地区夏季降水预测试验情况。试验采用ＡＧＣＭ保持初始ＳＳＴＡ不变,模式系统误差订正以及集合预测等进行,得到比较好的预测结果。 相似文献
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新疆气候与环境的过去,现在及未来情景 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
在分析近年来新疆地质时期与历史时期气候与环境研究方面大量的文献资料与成果,并对现代器测时期的气候变化问题进行讨论的基础上,利用综合分析法构画了新疆下世纪上半叶气候与环境的可能情景,认为新疆气候与环境初期于的晚白垩世,主要形成于第三三纪,至今总的干旱情并未改变。 相似文献
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黄河上游水电工程对局地气候的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文阐述了黄河上游段水电工程概况，并以刘家峡和龙羊峡水库为主对库周各站建加前后各５年或１０年的气象资料进行了对比分析，揭示了水库对周围地区各气候因子影响程度。 相似文献
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风蚀气候侵蚀力研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
风蚀气候侵蚀力是土壤风蚀方程中的气候因子，计算模型经多次修正后已基本发展成熟，广泛应用于干旱半干旱地区风蚀气候条件评估与响应机理分析及其与风沙地貌、风沙灾害的相关性研究等方面，其中风蚀气候侵蚀力对区域气候变化的响应研究是当下的热点问题。目前，风蚀气候侵蚀力研究仍存在计算模型不完善、研究区域发展不平衡、气候变化响应分析不全面、风沙地貌及风沙灾害相关性争议较多等问题。未来应进一步从构建区域校准性计算模型、计算并分析沿海地区风蚀气候侵蚀力、综合分析风蚀气候侵蚀力对气候变化的响应、建立风沙地貌及风沙灾害相关的综合性风蚀气候评价指标等方面开展风蚀气候侵蚀力的研究。 相似文献
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宜人气候可以分为避暑型和避寒型两种类型,但现有研究鲜有关注国内两类气候的分布特征及差异。本文采用1981—2010年2132个国家气象观测站数据,基于温湿指数、风寒指数和着衣指数计算各个气象站点的气候综合舒适指数,结合协同克里金空间插值方法对全国避暑型和避寒型宜人气候的分布特征进行了研究,并对两类气候的地域差异进行了分析。结果表明：① 中国避暑型气候区包括40°N以北的西北边疆和东北地区、西北中部地区及西南地区三大集中分布区。中国避寒型气候区集中分布在北回归线以南的低纬地区。② 国内夏冬两季的气候不舒适地域广阔,包括环渤海、长三角等经济发达、人口稠密地区,避暑型与避寒型气候资源的开发潜力显著。③ 两类宜人气候呈现明显的地域分离特征,拥有避暑和避寒双重属性的地方极少。④ 国内避寒型气候是稀缺资源,具有垄断性特征;而避暑型气候相对分布广泛,是一种相对遍在性资源。本文不仅丰富了宜人气候分布特征研究的理论成果,而且可为地方气候资源的旅游开发提供科学依据。 相似文献
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本文通过对未来气候的变化趋势的分析，对东昆仑山区和南疆东部的局部气候进行推测，并对由此而产生的影响进行了评述。 相似文献
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气温和降水是反映各地气候特点的气候要素。而各地气候特征(指气温和降水具体情况)受各种因素的影响。影响气温和降水的因素，也即影响气候的因素。因此，必须讲清，学习影响气候的因素，即学习影响气温和降水的因素。也就是说：学习各因素对气候的影响，要从各因素对气温和降水两个气候要素的影响进行分析。 相似文献
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According to the analysis of the climate materials including the topographic map in 1975, the TM and CBERS satellite remote sensing materials from the 1980s to 2005 as well as the air temperature, precipitation, evaporation rate, maximum depth of snow and the biggest depth of frozen soil in the past 45 years, the water level area of four lakes at the southeast of Nagqu, Tibet including Bam Co, Pung Co, Dung Co and Nuripung Co show a distinct trend of expansion in the past 30 years. In 2005, the water level area of the above four lakes increased by 48.2 km2, 38.2 km2, 19.8 km2 and 26.0 km2 respectively compared to 1975, with the respective increase rate of 25.6%, 28.2%, 16.2% and 37.6%. That is closely related to the warming and humidified climate change in the recent years such as rise of the air temperature, increase of the precipitation, decrease of the evaporation rate and permafrost degradation. 相似文献
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近30年来西藏那曲地区湖泊变化对气候波动的响应 总被引：33，自引：4，他引：29
根据1975年地形图、20世纪80年代至2005年的TM、CBERS卫星遥感资料和近45年的气温、降水量、蒸发量、最大积雪深度和最大冻土深度等气候资料分析得出,西藏那曲地区东南部的巴木错、蓬错、东错、乃日平错等四个湖泊的水位面积在近30年来呈较显著的扩大趋势,2005年与1975年相比,分别增加了48.2 km2、38.2km2、19.8 km2 (比2004年)、26.0 km2,增长幅度分别为25.6%、28.2%、16.2%、37.6%。其主要原因与该地区近年来气温的上升、降水量的增加和蒸发量的减少、冻土退化等暖湿化的气候变化有很大关系。 相似文献
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1975-2008 年西藏色林错湖面变化对气候变化的响应 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
根据1975 年地形图、80 年代至2008 年的TM、CBERS 卫星遥感资料和近34 年(1975-2008 年) 的气温、降水量、蒸发量、最大冻土深度等气候资料分析得出,西藏那曲地区西部的色林错及其周围的错鄂、雅根错的面积在近30 年来呈较显著的扩大趋势,到2008 年面积分别为2196.23 km2、279.24 km2、103.07 km2,与1975 年分别增长了574.46 km2、11.59 km2和68.13 km2,增长速度分别为35.4%、4.3%和195%。色林错从1999-2008 年湖面扩大速度为20%,平均上涨了420 km2/10a,已超过纳木错面积,成为西藏第一大咸水湖。冰雪融水量的增加是湖泊上涨的根本原因,其次与降水量的增加和蒸发量的减少、冻土退化等暖湿化的气候变化存在很大关系。 相似文献
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1973-2010年阿尔金山冰川变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用1973 年MSS、1999 年ETM+和2010 年TM遥感影像资料,通过遥感图像处理和GIS技术,提取了阿尔金山地区三个时期的冰川信息,同时结合周边气象资料进行分析。结果表明:① 1973-2010 年,研究区冰川面积从347.99 km2 减少到293.77 km2,退缩了54.22km2,占1973 年冰川总面积的15.58%,年均退缩速率为0.42%·a-1。近10 年来冰川退缩尤为剧烈,年均退缩速率达到0.58%·a-1;② 研究区东段冰川退缩速率快于中段和西段;③ 冰川规模越小,退缩越明显;④ 研究区东坡冰川的面积退缩率最大,北坡次之,东南坡最小;⑤ 气温升高和降水在波动中变化不大是造成研究区冰川退缩的主要原因;⑥ 通过分形理论对研究区冰川空间结构特征进行分析,预计研究区冰川今后的消融速率仍将处于较高状态。 相似文献
16.
Glacial change in the vicinity of Mt. Qomolangma （Everest）, central high Himalayas since 1976 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Glaciers are one of the most important land covers in alpine regions and especially sensitive to global climate change. Remote
sensing has proved to be the best method of investigating the extent of glacial variations in remote mountainous areas. Using
Landsat thematic mapping (TM) and multi-spectral-scanner (MSS) images from Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) National Nature Preserve
(QNNP), central high Himalayas for 1976, 1988 and 2006, we derived glacial extent for these three periods. A combination of
object-oriented image interpretation methods, expert knowledge rules and field surveys were employed. Results showed that
(1) the glacial area in 2006 was 2710.17 ± 0.011 km2 (about 7.41% of the whole study area), and located mainly to the south and between 4700 m to 6800 m above sea level; (2)
from 1976 to 2006, glaciers reduced by 501.91 ± 0.035 km2 and glacial lakes expanded by 36.88 ± 0.035 km2; the rate of glacier retreat was higher in sub-basins on the southern slopes (16.79%) of the Himalayas than on the northern
slopes (14.40%); most glaciers retreated, and mainly occurred at an elevation of 4700–6400 m, and the estimated upper limit
of the retreat zone is between 6600 m and 6700 m; (3) increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation over the study
period are the key factors driving retreat. 相似文献
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中国西北水资源利用及生态环境安全 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
1 Introduction In the 21st century, water resources will become the international and strategic resource instead of petroleum (Kang et al., 1994a, b). At present, the freshwater resources crisis all over the world has made people aware that although water… 相似文献
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Glacier retreat is not only a symbol of temperature and precipitation change, but a dominating factor of glacial lake changes in alpine regions, which are of wide concern for high risk of potential outburst floods. Of all types of glacial lakes, moraine-dammed lakes may be the most dangerous to local residents in mountain regions. Thus, we monitored the dynamics of 12 moraine-dammed glacial lakes from 1974 to 2014 in the Poiqu River Basin of central west Himalayas, as well as their associated glaciers with a combination of remote sensing, topographic maps and digital elevation models (DEMs). Our results indicate that all monitored moraine-dammed glacial lakes have expanded by 7.46 km2 in total while the glaciers retreated by a total of 15.29 km2 correspondingly. Meteorological analysis indicates a warming and drying trend in the Nyalam region from 1974 to 2014, which accelerated glacier retreat and then augmented the supply of moraine-dammed glacial lakes from glacier melt. Lake volume and water depth changed from 1974 to 2014 which indicates that lakes Kangxico, Galongco, and Youmojanco have a high potential for outburst floods and in urgent need for continuous monitoring or artificial excavation to release water due to the quick increase in water depths and storage capacities. Lakes Jialongco and Cirenmaco, with outburst floods in 1981 and 2002, have a high potential risk for outburst floods because of rapid lake growth and steep slope gradients surrounding them. 相似文献
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新疆阿勒泰地区2002-2011年地表水资源变化趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在RS技术支持下,应用气象数据（主要为气温、降水）、基础地理数据及2002-2011年时间序列的Landsat TM、ETM+、MODIS/Terra+Aqua MCD43A4遥感影像产品,对阿勒泰地区地表水资源时空变化特征进行了分析,探索气象因素影响下阿尔泰山冰川积雪和地表水资源之间的相互作用。结果表明：在研究时段内,阿尔泰山6月2日的冰川积雪面积呈波动增加趋势,8月21日的冰川积雪面积则呈波动减少趋势。从景观格局的特征来看,随着夏季冰雪融水量增加,水资源量总体呈上升趋势,在研究时段内水域总面积增加了57.91 km2,增加面积主要来源于湖泊和水库,2011年的湖泊和水库面积分别为1 044.33 km2和196.27 km2,比2002年分别增加了16.67 km2和101.79 km2;沼泽湿地和坑塘湿地的面积变化呈一定的起伏,2002-2011年间面积分别减少了35.91 km2和24.27 km2,湖泊和水库的破碎度较低,沼泽湿地、河流和坑塘湿地的破碎度高,表明沼泽湿地、河流和坑塘湿地对气象因素变化较敏感。 相似文献
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近5年青海省植被覆盖变化的遥感监测 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
This paper used five years （2001-2006） time series of MODIS NDVI images with a 1-km spatial resolution to produce a land cover map of Qinghai Province in China. A classification approach for different land cover types with special emphasis on vegetation, especially on sparse vegetation, was developed which synthesized Decision Tree Classification, Supervised Classification and Unsupervised Classification. The spatial distribution and dynamic change of vegetation cover in Qinghai from 2001 to 2006 were analyzed based on the land cover classification map and five grade elevation belts derived from Qinghai DEM. The result shows that vegetation cover in Qinghai in recent five years has been some improved and the area of vegetation was increased from 370,047 km^2 in 2001 to 374,576 km^2 in 2006. Meanwhile, vegetation cover ratio was increased by 0.63%. Vegetation cover ratio in high mountain belt is the largest （67.92%） among the five grade elevation belts in Qinghai Province. The second largest vegetation cover ratio is in middle mountain belt （61.80%）. Next, in the order of the decreasing vegetation cover ratio, the remaining grades are extreme high mountain belt （38.98%）, low mountain belt （25.55%） and flat region belt （15.46%）. The area of middle density grassland in high mountain belt is the biggest （94,003 km^2）, and vegetation cover ratio of dense grassland in middle mountain belt is the highest （32.62%）, and the increased area of dense grassland in high mountain belt is the greatest （1280 km^2）. In recent five years the conversion from sparse grass to middle density grass in high mountain belt has been the largest vegetation cover variation and the converted area is 15931 km^2. 相似文献