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1.
在直接找油气的物探方法中,电法作为一类重要的非地震地球物理方法,越来越受到人们的重视与关注。本文对其中几种主要的方法,如激发极化法、电场差分法和自然电场法等,从原理、发展概况和应用效果方面进行了简要论述。另外,对用来解决地质构造问题的非直接找油气的建场测探法、大地电磁法和可控源音频大地电磁法等,本文也作了扼要介绍。  相似文献   

2.
结构动力反应分析中的一种显式输入反演方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文简要总结,评述了结构动力反应分析中两类输入反演方法(脉动函数法和直接时域法)的优缺点,在此基础上通过应用文献[1]中提出的3阶显式方法,获得了一个关于结构输入反演问题的新解法-显式直接时域法,新方法集合了脉冲函数法和直接时域法的优点,既可按显式求解动力微方程,又适用于非线性系统的动力反演问题,最后,通过算例对该方法进行了数值验证。  相似文献   

3.
通过对振型叠加法和直接积分法所得结果的比较,说明振型叠加法在烟囱地震反应分析中是有效的,指出了在不同高度烟囱分析中应取的振型数目。  相似文献   

4.
建立和发展岩性地震勘探法   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
岩性地震勘探法是相对于构造地震勘探法而言的。过去的地震勘探法只是研究地下构造,七十年代以来,逐步发展了亮点法和虚测井等研究地层岩性的方法,包括直接找油气。这些都还只是间接对比岩性的方法,从地震剖面直接提取各种弹性波参数的直接对比方法,还有待于发展。文中评述了间接对比方法的各个步骤的要点及直接对比方法的可能途径。  相似文献   

5.
吴培稚  刘文龙 《地震》1996,16(3):255-262
采用不相等间距统计方法,研究唐山余震序列。方法一是直接、间接余震法;方法二是震间地震活动法;方法三是对数时间间隔法。用这些方法研究整个余震序列,研究了强余震瓣的趋势和短临变化,得到一些有预报意义的特点和指标。不等间距统计在法在地震预报中存在着重要作用。  相似文献   

6.
绝对地磁测量预报地震   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
介绍一种称为地磁等变线预报法的地磁绝对测量预报地震的新的处理方法。该方法既可将全国分散的地磁台站联系起来,使原来不能发挥作用的台站起到应有的作用,也可避免校正长期变差异的麻烦,达到大台距台站之间可直接作差值图的目的。这样,可能为地磁绝对测量预报地震开辟一个新的途径,为该手段在预报地震中起到更大的作用创造一定的条件。  相似文献   

7.
刘正荣 《地震研究》2002,25(3):207-213
通过对2001年永胜6级地震的前震分析,指出极限时间法用以分析直接前震时,是能够作出临震预报的。  相似文献   

8.
本文通过对 D 磁变仪的定向讨论和实验发现, D 磁变仪可在 Z 仪等固定铁磁影响环境中, 直接用“扭头正反向对称法”定向, 且无须再做任何改正。其定向结果在某种意义上较在无磁环境中定向后再做 Z 磁系等影响改正的方法可靠。  相似文献   

9.
利用径向基函数的多尺度分析方法可以对地球重力场进行分解,提取出细节的地球物理信息.目前通常采用离散积分法进行解算,但信号分解并重构后,所得信号并不能与原始重力场信号完全符合,分解过程中出现了信号泄露.针对这一现象,本文在最小二乘算法和方差分量估计的基础上,提出了新的在各个尺度上直接解算基函数系数的算法(直接法),有效的减少了重力场分解过程中的信号泄露.以南海地区DTU13重力异常数据为例,分别运用离散积分法和直接法对重力异常进行多尺度分解,结果显示:直接法的5个尺度上的信号泄露误差相对离散积分法减小约39%~79%;直接法总的泄露误差为±1.12 m Gal,明显小于离散积分法的±4.04 m Gal,直接法具有更优的效果.  相似文献   

10.
将总电位ν分解为正常电位.uo和异常电位u·本文绘出点源二维电场中,异常电位u的傅氏变换U的变分方程,以及点源二维电场地形影响的异常电位u的傅氏变换U的积分方程,前者可用有限单元法求解,后者可用边界单元法求解.根据电源点的U的傅氏反交换,解决了前人尚未解决的直接计算点源二维电场中纵剖面(通过电源点、平行走向的剖面)的电位问题.  相似文献   

11.
断层土壤气CO2含量快速测定法关键问题探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了提高断层土壤气CO2含量观测数据的映震效能,从测点选择、装置布设、观测方法、辅助测项4个方面对断层土壤气CO2含量快速测定法的关键问题做了全面研究,得出结论:(1)断层土壤气CO2含量测点应选择在活动断层破裂带上或紧邻破裂带的敏感地带,在测点选择时应结合地质资料和钻孔资料对预选址的地下岩石结构及其破裂程度进行研究或有效探测,不宜仅为了观测方便在现有地震台站随便选址;(2)断层土壤气CO2含量快速测定法的装置要尽可能布设得深人地下,至少应使测定孔深度超过地表以下0.5m,最好能够选择深人地表以下2.0m以上的深度,以尽量减少或不受地表生物层的影响,但在装置布设时也要充分考虑地下水位的变化情况;(3)在使用断层土壤气CO2含量快速测定法观测CO2含量变化的过程中应努力消除人为因素的影响,避免主观随意性,特别是应将CO2含量快速测定管放置到靠近测定孔的孔底位置,快速测定管底部开口应尽量保持一致且要使开口口径最大化,避免快速测定管触底;(4)测定孔内温度与断层土壤气CO2含量变化呈正相关,降雨量对断层土壤气CO2含量测值有负面的影响,同步进行测定孔内温度和降雨量辅助观测是必须的。鉴于气压变化与断层土壤气CO2含量变化有较强的负相关,建议在机理上进一步研究其影响,同时还应引入湿度作为断层土壤气CO2含量观测的辅助测项。  相似文献   

12.
The direct H2Oliquid–H2Ovapour equilibration method utilizing laser spectroscopy (DVE-LS) is a way to measure soil pore water stable isotopes. Various equilibration times and calibration methods have been used in DVE-LS. Yet little is known about their effects on the accuracy of the obtained isotope values. The objective of this study was to evaluate how equilibration time and calibration methods affect the accuracy of DVE-LS. We did both spiking and field soil experiments. For the spiking experiment, we applied DVE-LS to four soils of different textures, each of which was subjected to five water contents and six equilibration times. For the field soil experiment, we applied three calibration methods for DVE-LS to two field soil profiles, and the results were compared with cryogenic vacuum distillation (CVD)-LS. Results showed that DVE-LS demonstrated higher δ2H and δ18O as equilibration time increased, but 12 to 24 hr could be used as optimal equilibration time. For field soil samples, DVE-LS with liquid waters as standards led to significantly higher δ2H and δ18O than CVD-LS, with root mean square error (RMSE) of 8.06‰ for δ2H and 0.98‰ for δ18O. Calibration with soil texture reduced RMSE to 3.53‰ and 0.72‰ for δ2H and δ18O, respectively. Further, calibration with both soil texture and water content decreased RMSE to 3.10‰ for δ2H and 0.73‰ for δ18O. Our findings conclude that the calibration method applied may affect the measured soil water isotope values from DVE-LS.  相似文献   

13.
层状介质二维电阻率扰动反演方法   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
为解决考古、工程地质和地下水污染勘查中某些探测靶体与周围介质间电性差异不大的地质问题,本文提出了层状介质背景下二维电阻率扰动反演方法.根据观测得到的背景剖面视电阻率断面,确定出背景场的电性层结构,利用电阻率扰动方法计算出敏感矩阵,通过广义逆矩阵法求解出电阻率的增量.在商丘地下夯土城墙的应用表明,该方法有效地抑制了夯土城墙的旁侧效应和地下水噪声的影响,揭示出地下夯土城墙的埋深与几何形态.  相似文献   

14.
Using data from eddy covariance measurements in a subtropical coniferous forest, a test and evaluation have been made for the model of Carbon Exchange in the Vegetation-Soil-Atmosphere (CEVSA) that simulates energy transfers and water, carbon and nitrogen cycles based on ecophysiological processes. In the present study, improvement was made in the model in calculating LAI, carbon allocation among plant organs, litter fall, decomposition and evapotranspiration. The simulated seasonal variations in carbon and water vapor flux were consistent with the measurements. The model explained 90% and 86% of the measured variations in evapotranspiration and soil water content. However, the modeled evapotranspiration and soil water content were lower than the measured systematically, because the model assumed that water was lost as runoff if it was beyond the soil saturation water content, but the soil at the flux site with abundant rainfall is often above water saturated. The improved model reproduced 79% and 88% of the measured variations in gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Re), but only 31% of the variations in measured net ecosystem exchange (NEP) despite the fact that the modeled annual NEP was close to the observation. The modeled NEP was generally lower in winter and higher in summer than the observations. The simulated responses of photosynthesis and respiration to water vapor deficit at high temperatures were different from measurements. The results suggested that the improved model underestimated ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration in extremely condition. The present study shows that CEVSA can simulate the seasonal pattern and magnitude of CO2 and water vapor fluxes, but further improvement in simulating photosynthesis and respiration at extreme temperatures and water deficit is required.  相似文献   

15.
张北地震前、在中期阶段,多井水氡出现负异常变化;短期阶段出现区域水氡差分异常的月频次增加;短临阶段则出现怀来4井水汞的多次突跳。大同地震前多井出现水氡的趋势性正常,是张北地震水化前兆最显著的不同之处。本文分析了张北地震水化方法预报失误的原因。讨论认为,水氡负异常做为中期前兆的信度较低;为提高水化预报地震的效能,必须与其它前兆手段相结合。  相似文献   

16.
首先介绍了1998年张北6.2级地震前怀来2井水氡的异常变化,又根据水氡异常与京西地区几次中强震的对应情况,归纳出怀来2井的水氡前兆异常特征;形态为下降一上升型,异常对应范围120-160km;异常出现后28-55d发震等。  相似文献   

17.
CE-QUAL-W2模型在福建山仔水库的应用   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
利用二维横向平均模型CE-QUAL-W2对山仔水库进行水力学和水质模拟,运用半年野外采样监测和室内实验分析数据校正模型主要参数并进行验证.选取2006年4月7日至6月7日的模型输出模拟结果,进一步运用李祚泳修正的营养状态指数法结合层次分析法对山仔水库出水水质进行富营养化评价,评价结果表明:山仔水库存在富营养化状况,其中5月12日营养状态指数最高,接近80;第一次大规模水华爆发从4月29日持续到6月初.通过设定三种情景(原始流量、降低水位、增加出流量)进行模拟分析表明,降低水位以及增加出流量都有利于改善对山仔水库下游取水口水质.  相似文献   

18.
本文针对目前二维反演存在求解参数过多和求其偏导数困难的两个问题,在近年来关于连续介质二维大地电磁测深资料快速反演的理论基础上,对二维层状模型反演的目标函数,进行线性近似,采用加权法来近似计算二维模型参数的偏导数。从而实现比较快速的二维层状模型的参数化反演。理论模型的反演试验表明,反演迭代可以较快地以足够的精度拟合视电阻率和相位资料,并收敛接近理论模型。  相似文献   

19.
CO2 fluxes from soils and related environmental factors were measured in three forest ecosystems of Dinghu Mountain using static chamber-gas chromatograph technique for one year. The seasonal pattern of CO2 flux, contribution of litter on total CO2 flux and the correlations of CO2 flux with soil temperature and soil water content were examined for each type of forest. The results were given as followings: (1) The seasonal patterns of CO2 flux from soil of the three types of forest were similar, with a higher CO2 flux in rainy season than in dry season. The comparative relations of mean annual CO2 fluxes between the three sites were expressed as:monsoon forest > mixed forest > pine forest. (2) CO2 fluxes from litter decomposition in monsoon forest, mixed forest and pine forest accounted for 24.43%, 41.75% and 29.23% of the corresponding total CO2 fluxes from forest floor, respectively. (3) Significant relationships were found between CO2 fluxes and soil temperatures at 5 cm depth for the three types of forest, which could be best described by exponential equations. The calculated Q10 values based on soil temperature at 5 cm depth ranged from 1.86 to 3.24. More significant relationships were found between CO2 fluxes and soil water content when the annual variation coefficients of soil moisture were higher.  相似文献   

20.
声波与表层土壤水分含量变化的实验研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
郭子祺  钱书清 《地震学报》2001,23(5):536-540
为研究地面表层土壤中水分含量变化与震前记录到微震和极微震的关系,进行了声波与表层土壤含水量变化的实验.实验的目的是探讨震前微破裂引起的声波能否改变土壤表层的水分含量,从而建立起遥感图像中的热异常信息与孕震关系.通过实验发现,声波对土壤作用使得原本自然蒸发呈降低趋势的湿度值呈上升趋势,而土壤表面的温度呈下降趋势.   相似文献   

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