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1.
K.A. Moore 《Marine Policy》1984,8(3):274-276
In formal terms, UNCTAD's Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences came into force on 6 October 1983. This has intensified discussion on many aspects of its future practical application, generally and in individual conferences, whether such conferences intend to apply the Code in full or partly (many intend to do so as a formality, if at all). 相似文献
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Kenneth Rawson 《Marine Policy》1978,2(1):37-45
The author suggests that many countries need to formulate a policing policy for enforcement of their zones when they make declarations upon its extent. This change is so great for states with a long coastline or unusually valuable assets offshore that they will need to approach the problem in ordered steps. First, the tasks and each stage of escalation must be defined. Second, a material system must be designed to carry out the tasks. Third, an organizational system must be created to direct the policing, embracing some existing subsystems. Finally, there should be cost-benefit analysis and constant redefinition of the tasks and systems. 相似文献
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Tapas Kumar Mallik 《Marine Geology》1986,70(3-4):307-311
A simple hand-operated device for cutting longitudinal sections of core liners has been developed at a very low cost. The liner is placed on a stand and secured properly by circular plates and tightening levers. Two high-speed steel blades situated in diametrically opposite direction are pressed tightly on the liner. By rotating a handle these blades move to cut both sides of the liner simultaneously.
For cross-sectioning the core liner another simple hand-operated instrument has been illustrated. The liner is fixed in a stationary ring by tightening screws. An adjustable lever with a high-speed steel blade is fixed on a tool holder and welded to an outer ring which is rotated 180° by a handle to cut the liner. The cut portions are smooth, perfect and straight and the operation is very simple and safe. 相似文献
4.
Ademuni Odeke 《Marine Policy》1984,8(1):56-63
This article analyses the UK legislation which will implement the UNCTAD Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences. The historical background to the Merchant Shipping (Liner Conferences) Act, 1982 is outlined and the author points out the relative decline of the UK merchant fleet in the face of competition from developing maritime nations, socialist countries and the USA. Provisions in the UK act curtailing the provisions of the Code are described. UK opposition to the cargo sharing and flag preference provisions of the Code is described and the article concludes by arguing that, although the Code does not satisfy all the UK demands, it remains the best option in a world increasingly dominated by protectionism. 相似文献
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This paper presents the results of a 2008 citation-analysis study that was undertaken for the 1995 FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and its associated instruments. The overall objective of this study was to contribute towards a strategy for improved dissemination, awareness raising and communication about the Code and its implementation. For each citation, additional information was collected to identify patterns by year, topic, author affiliation or type of literature. Results support previously suggested anecdotal patterns, in particular related to the diversity of publishing outlets and the high proportion of fisheries information published as grey literature. The results also point to areas of concern for long-term preservation and dissemination of fisheries information. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2015
Emerging from ethnographic research conducted on the west coast of South Africa, this paper explores the ways in which fishers contrast their experience of fishing prior to the implementation of the Marine Living Resources Act, and the rise of fortress style conservation in fisheries management. Conservation as rhetoric has been used as a powerful means of supporting and justifying fisheries management objectives. The paper argues that fishers engage with their environments in ways that are different from how management understands human–nature relations. As a consequence, fortress style fisheries management and policing disallow fishers to engage with the sea in the ways that are intrinsic to their fishing practices. This results, in many instances, in curtailing the ways in which fishers are allowed to think about and interact with the sea. With the impending implementation of EAF in South Africa and the global call for working with multiple knowledges, the paper calls for relational ways of engaging in conservation. 相似文献
10.
详细阐述了Turbo码的原理，围绕Turbo码技术具体实现了一个水声通信系统，并用VC对系统进行仿真。仿真的结果及水池中获得的试验数据表明，该方案可使水下无线通信系统的性能得到显著改善。 相似文献
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Constructing a raster-based spatio-temporal hierarchical data model for marine fisheries application
1 Introduction The GIS has shown great success for terrestrial ap- plicationsin the last decades, but its use in marine fields has been far more restricted. One of the main reasons is that most of the GIS systems or their data models are designed for land… 相似文献
12.
《Marine Policy》2016
Balanced harvesting is the name of a newly proposed approach to fishing which promises the extraction of high and sustainable fisheries yields while maintaining the structure of the ecosystem from which those yields could be obtained. This is to be achieved through exposing all components of ecosystems (from zooplankton to top predators, including seals, sea birds and marine mammals) to a fishing mortality proportional to their size-specific productivity. This study briefly analyses the incompatibility between balanced harvesting (and its implications) and the stated missions of two major organizations, FAO (which stresses the need of selective fishing in its Code of Conduct for Sustainable Fisheries) and IUCN (which maintains the Red List of Threatened Species), but which have issued reports or organized conferences promoting balanced harvesting. The study also demonstrates the incompatibility of balanced harvesting with the recently reformed Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union. While balanced harvesting appears partly compatible with declared fisheries policies of a few countries, e.g. with regard to whaling, sealing, and indiscriminate biomass fishing, it is not only incompatible with the basic tenets of fisheries science, but also with the vision, gradually emerging globally, that marine organisms such as marine mammals, sea turtles, sea-birds and other fauna have an intrinsic value and right to life that should not be undermined by more of the indiscriminate fishing which currently shapes much of our interactions with the oceans. 相似文献
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我国自然保护地的建设和发展经历了60余年,仍然存在重叠设置、多头管理、边界不清、权责不明,以及自然保护地保护与当地经济发展矛盾突出等问题,亟须对现有自然保护地管理体制、机制进行改革,建立自然生态系统保护的新体制、新机制。因此现有自然保护地体系优化调整理论和技术方法研究成为近期生态环境保护研究的热点和重点。文章剖析了福建深沪湾海底古森林遗迹自然保护区存在的问题。提出自然保护区的优化调整对策,包括：厘清自然保护区与地质公园的关系;逐步解决历史遗留问题;妥善处理自然保护区与海水养殖之间的矛盾;优化自然保护区向陆一侧边界线;对自然保护区实行分区管控政策等。调整后的深沪湾海底古森林遗迹自然保护区面积为24.66 km2,比原自然保护区面积减少1.17 km2。其中：核心保护区面积为7 km2,一般控制区面积为17.66 km2。为编制深沪湾海底古森林遗迹自然保护区优化调整方案和历史遗迹自然保护区管理提供参考。 相似文献
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Because acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data are inherently noisy, they are usually presented in an averaged form. But a great deal can be learned, particularly about the ADCP system itself, by looking at single ping data. The author presents examples of analyses done on single ping data and shows how these data can be used to understand system sampling, bin-to-bin independence, system noise, and the character of a secondary parameter-AGC. Some discussion of how these results are applied to processing procedures and their verification are presented 相似文献
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S.C. MohapatraT. Sahoo 《Applied Ocean Research》2011,33(1):31-40
In the present paper, a hydroelastic model is developed to deal with surface gravity wave interaction with an elastic bed based on the small amplitude water wave theory and plate deflection in finite water depth. The elastic bottom bed is modelled as a thin elastic plate and is based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation. The wave characteristics in the presence of the elastic bed is analyzed in both the cases of deep and shallow water waves. Further, the linearized long wave equation is generalized to include bottom flexibility. A generalized expansion formula for the velocity potential is derived to deal with the boundary value problems associated with surface gravity waves having an elastic bed. The utility of the expansion formula is illustrated by demonstrating specific physical problems which will play significant role in the analysis of wave structure interaction problems. Behavior of the wave spectra are discussed in the case of closed basin having a free surface and an elastic bottom topography. 相似文献
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1 IntroductionThe21stcenturyistheocean century. Thegreatvolum e ofmulti-source data in oceanography ischal-lenging to the storage, m anagem ent, m aintenance,quick access,intelligentanalysis,visualization and au-to-m apping ofthe m arine inform ation. Asa… 相似文献
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Wave modelling - The state of the art 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The WISE Group J.-H.G.M. Alves A. Babanin K. Belibassakis M. Donelan T.H.C. Herbers P.A.E.M. Janssen I.V. Lavrenov R. Magne M. Onorato D. Resio A. Sheremet H.L. Tolman J. Wolf 《Progress in Oceanography》2007,75(4):603-674
This paper is the product of the wave modelling community and it tries to make a picture of the present situation in this branch of science, exploring the previous and the most recent results and looking ahead towards the solution of the problems we presently face. Both theory and applications are considered.The many faces of the subject imply separate discussions. This is reflected into the single sections, seven of them, each dealing with a specific topic, the whole providing a broad and solid overview of the present state of the art. After an introduction framing the problem and the approach we followed, we deal in sequence with the following subjects: (Section) 2, generation by wind; 3, nonlinear interactions in deep water; 4, white-capping dissipation; 5, nonlinear interactions in shallow water; 6, dissipation at the sea bottom; 7, wave propagation; 8, numerics. The two final sections, 9 and 10, summarize the present situation from a general point of view and try to look at the future developments. 相似文献
18.
The effectiveness of the ISM Code: A qualitative enquiry 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Syamantak Bhattacharya 《Marine Policy》2012,36(2):528-535
Studies conducted to determine the efficacy of the ISM Code in the past include investigations of the trends of accident numbers and insurance claims and users' perceptions. None of these, however, could produce a definitive conclusion. This is because both the use of safety outcome as well as the use of perception have inherent problems and are not reliable. This paper takes a different approach. It draws on wider research on management of workplace health and safety to ascertain whether or not employment and social conditions that support effective implementation of self-regulation are present in the maritime context. The findings reveal a considerable disparity between managers' and seafarers' understanding of the use of the Code resulting in a wide gap between its intended purpose and practice. The analysis shows that the critical factor is the lack of seafarers' participation in management of workplace health and safety. The underlying causal factors for such lack of participation were located in seafarers' poor employment condition and low-trust relationship with their managers. 相似文献
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Consideration is given to the design of underwater acoustic projector transducers for communication purposes. Particular interest is focused upon broadband designs which provide the potential for high data-rate communication. The author introduces the underlying physics of sound propagation in solid-bar and disc structures typically used for manufacturing underwater acoustic transducers. The variability of sound speed with bar dimensions, in bar resonators, is discussed. Consideration is given to the nature and identification of different modal states in such structures. The possibilities and limitations in modeling and design are reviewed. An examination is made of several specific designs, including thin-disc and broadband high-frequency transducers as well as piston and tonpilz structures modified electrically and mechanically to produce broad, controlled passband responses. A variety of more exotic structures is also included. Attention is given to arrays of transducers and, particularly, to the problems involved in overcoming element interaction and inadequacies in element behavior 相似文献
20.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2005,48(2):177-188
A study was conducted in southwest coastal areas of Bangladesh to assess the status and to understand the degree of awareness of the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries among different stakeholders and its application in the area of shrimp culture in Bangladesh. Articles 9.1 and 9.4 of the Code were used for the investigation. Interviews with potential shrimp farmers and key informants at different level were undertaken for the investigation. A checklist was developed using both open and closed ended questions. Although Bangladesh is a signatory to the Code, virtually no significant efforts have been made to date to comprehend and elaborate the provisions of the Code within the context of Bangladesh. General awareness on the existence and significance of the FAO Code of Conduct, its scope, and purpose are yet to be increased for persons and institutions involved in shrimp aquaculture. 相似文献