共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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地下水资源是衡水市水资源的重要组成部分,对全市经济发展和社会稳定起到了举足轻重的作用.20世纪80年代首次开展了水资源评价,二十多年来,由于水资源的外部环境发生了较大变化,导致了地下水资源的较大变化.本文通过对"衡水市第二次水资源评价"中地下水资源量与原"华北地区水资源评价与开发利用研究"中衡水市地下水资源数量及组成结构的对比分析,简要介绍了二次地下水资源评价的特点及主要成果,并分析了衡水市地下水资源的变化规律. 相似文献
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东北地区地下水资源可持续利用的主要问题和对策浅析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在概述东北地区自然地理和水文地质条件的基础上，从地下水供需矛盾、地下水超采及其环境效应、地下水污染等方面阐述了影响地下水资源可持续利用的主要问题，并从社会发展、科学技术、开采历史、水资源管理、立法与执法等5个层面进行了分析。针对东北地区国民经济发展对水资源的需求、目前存在的影响地下水资源可持续利用的主要问题，提出了不同地区的地下水资源勘查开发、节约用水、地下水理论研究等地下水资源的可持续利用对策，对区域宏观水资源管理具有参考价值。 相似文献
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降雨入渗补给系数在平原地区地下水资源评价与三水转化的研究中,是一个十分重要的水文参数,其精度直接影响到水资源评价及其研究成果的可靠性。本文以我省黑龙港及运东平原地区(简称黑运地区)为例,探求降雨入渗补给量随降水量及地下水埋深而变化的规律,这对于地表水资源缺乏的河北平原地区的地下水资源评价、合理调控地下水,增加水资源可利用量均有一定的实用意义。 相似文献
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河北平原地下水资源与可持续利用 总被引：17，自引：7，他引：17
河北平原是我国水资源供需矛盾最为突出的地区之一,自70年代以来大量动用地下水的储存量,导致山前局部地区浅部含水层疏干,中东部平原深层地下水水位大幅下降,并诱发了地面沉降等一系列环境地质问题。河北平原地下水总补给量约139 62×108m3 a,可采资源为107 75×108m3 a。1985～1995年地下水平均开采量133 1×108m3 a,即平均超采25 35×108m3 a,其中深层淡水超采10 01×108m3 a。本文提出调整布局,充分挖掘地下水资源潜力。河北平原中东部咸水分布区的浅层淡水分布面积17857km2,尚有约20×108m3 a的开采潜力。节约挖潜,调整产业结构,使工农业结构及人口适应水资源的承载力。合理调控地下水的开采深度,浅层水循环交替积极,具有开放性和可恢复性,采补均衡的着力点应放在浅部。地下水资源的可持续利用与社会经济可持续发展的结合点,在于维护浅部地下水动态均衡上。 相似文献
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荷兰地下水资源管理综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
简要介绍了荷兰各级政府机构对地下水管理的职能分工，水资源管理的有关法规，地下水管理规划体系以及在地下水监测网络和信息系统建设方面的主要成就，结合我国的实际，提出了加强在我国地下水资源管理的若干建议。 相似文献
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主要介绍了GIS和决策支持在海洋石油开发船舶监控与调度领域的应用,结合GPS卫星定位技术、GSM全球移动通讯技术、GIS地理信息技术及计算机网络通信与数据处理技术,设计实现了一套远程监控调度决策系统。系统包括油轮实时监控和生产调度决策二个子系统,这里分别从硬件和软件二个角度对系统进行了描述,并对生产调度决策支持的简单设计模式进行了论述。实际运用证明,该系统能够较好的解决在海洋石油开采中,石油运输所存在的部分问题。 相似文献
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Venkatesh Uddameri Chandana Kakarlapudi E. Annette Hernandez 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(6):2573-2587
Groundwater, under sustainable management policies, can be an invaluable source of water to municipal, agricultural, and industrial sectors. Management, however, can be challenging given that historically, these resources have been privately owned and minimally regulated. This research details the development of a decision support system (DSS) which couples a GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) scheme with simulation-optimization routines to identify suitable regions for groundwater development and optimal preferences for apportioning those supplies to areas of demand in South Texas. The developed DSS consisted of three modules: (1) a GIS-based MCDM for identifying suitable locations for groundwater production; (2) a simulation-optimization model for estimating available groundwater; and (3) a transportation optimization model for redistributing the groundwater. Applying a comprehensive suite of nine exclusionary criteria in GIS resulted in only 15,304 km2 (5,909 mi2) suitable for groundwater production out of the original ~50,500 km2 (19,500 mi2). Two ideal sites were selected in the suitable region based on proposed major water supply projects in the study area. The projected groundwater extraction rates per month varied considerably over a year emphasizing a need for storage technologies. Furthermore, a transportation optimization model, which considered cost of storage and movement, was developed and applied to obtain the most optimal scheme to transport groundwater from potential supply centers located in Bee and Kennedy counties to projected water deficit areas of San Antonio, Laredo, and McAllen, TX, USA. Lastly, a full-factorial sensitivity analysis was carried out to check the impacts of the supply and demand factors on groundwater production and transport. Policies at the supply centers had a larger impact on the total availability of water, and policies at the demand centers had a larger impact on the total cost of the management scheme. Furthermore, an analysis of total volume stored in a storage and recovery system exhibited an inverse relationship with the groundwater development (supply side) policies and a direct relationship with the demand requirements. The developed DSS proved useful for determining the most optimal siting and distribution network for groundwater sources in South Texas. 相似文献
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NPGA-GW在地下水系统多目标优化管理中的应用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在地下水系统管理问题中,涉及到多个相互冲突的目标函数常常被简化为不同形式的单一目标函数来求解,这种通过单一目标函数的优化方法只能给出一个解,由此确定的方案有时会违背决策者的意愿。而通过多目标优化方法可以得到一系列供决策者权衡选择的解集。将地下水流模拟程序MODFLOW 和溶质运移模拟程序MT3DMS 相耦合,采用基于小生境技术的Pareto 遗传算法进行求解,开发了一个用于地下水系统多目标管理的应用程序NPGA-GW。并将该程序应用于一个二维地下水污染修复问题的多目标优化求解,结果表明,该程序能够在较短的时间内得到一系列Pareto 最优解,解的跨度足够决策者进行适当的选择,具有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
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Delineation of potential sites for groundwater recharge using a GIS-based decision support system 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Shereif H. Mahmoud 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(9):3429-3442
In arid and semi-arid regions without perennial water sources such as rivers or lakes, almost all water supply needs are met by groundwater. Groundwater recharge (GWR) is critical to maintain the abundance of groundwater. This paper presents a methodology based on a decision support system (DSS) that combines remote sensing, field survey and geographic information system techniques to identify suitable GWR areas. The DSS was implemented to obtain suitability maps and to evaluate the existing GWR in the study area. The DSS inputs comprised maps of rainfall surplus, slope, potential runoff coefficient, land cover/use and soil texture. The spatial extents of GWR suitability areas were identified by a hierarchical process analysis that considered five layers. The model generated a GWR map with four categories of suitability: excellent, good, moderate and poor and unsuitable. The spatial distribution of these categories showed that 0.08 and 32.3 % of the study area was classified as excellent and good for GWR, respectively, while 63.2 and 4.42 % of the area was classified as moderate and poor and unsuitable, respectively. Most of the areas with excellent to good suitability have slopes of between 4 and 8 % and are intensively cultivated areas. The major soil type in the excellent to good areas is loam, followed by clay loam, and the rainfall in these areas ranges from 150 to 260 mm. Another suitability model, in which all criteria were assigned equal influence, generated a suitability map in which 0.1 % of the study area was rated as excellent, 10.9 % as good, 82 % as moderate and 7 % as poor and unsuitable. The locations of existing GWR dams were compared with the locations indicated on the generated suitability map using the proximity analysis tool in ArcGIS 10.1. Most (77 %) of the existing GWR structures that were categorised as successful were within the excellent and good areas, followed by moderately suitable (23 %). 相似文献
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煤层底板突水是华北型煤田煤矿生产过程中一种常见的水害类型,为解决水害防治工程的科学决策问题,进一步提高防治水工程的可靠性,提出构建智能决策支持系统的技术思路。智能决策支持系统是传统决策支持系统与人工智能技术相互融合的产物,在分析底板水害防治决策支持功能需求的基础上,提出“数据-模型-方案”一体化设计流程,从数据导入、模型驱动、智能决策等3个层次构建底板水害防治智能决策支持系统的基本框架。将模型驱动层进一步细分为方法库、模型库、知识图谱构建3项专业化服务,模型库包括底板突水空间点预测模型、疏水降压数值模拟模型、注浆改造工程可靠性分析模型、隔离工程设计模型及底板水害监测预警模型。系统最终输出的决策方案包括底板突水危险性分区、疏水降压Q-t-s方案、区域注浆改造设计及工程可靠性评价、隔离工程设计、底板突水监测预警警情发布。系统通过注浆过程的反馈-控制、突水监测预警的深度学习、疏水降压方案的动态优化等实现其智能决策。智能决策支持系统将会在煤层底板水害防治可靠性保障方面提供新的技术支撑。 相似文献
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基于组件式GIS技术的地下水信息系统的设计与实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对基于组件式GIS的地下水资源信息系统的总体规划与设计、系统功能特点进行丁分析。系统基于组件技术，不依赖任何商业地理信息平台，将通用地理信息系统功能与专业应用功能无缝有机集成为一体。所设计的系统，充分利用GIS信息技术的空间分析功能，对地下水资源的利用进行合理的分析评价和决策，在使用中取得了良好的效果。 相似文献
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Through system design and analysis from the aspects of entity categories, hierarchical design, attribute design, and the final function design and realization of the system, this paper develops a software application based on Arc-view platform with a view to solving the deficiencies of conventional groundwater dynamic management in managing the spatial graphics data. Using this application into the supporting automatic monitoring system of groundwater level helps to achieve the automatic analysis of attribute data, and offer a new, visual and efficient automated management tool. Moreover, the computer geospatial modeling can realize the quick query and spatial analysis of geographic information, and thus facilitating dynamic simulation and prediction of the research object. However, a multi-functional, multi-level groundwater level information management system is a complex system engineering, which requires continuous improvement of the structure, development of functions, and supplement of user models. 相似文献
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Ali Aalianvari Homayoon Katibeh Mostafa Sharifzadeh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2012,5(2):275-284
Water inflow and water pressure controls are needed in the design, construction, and exploitation of tunnels. The objective of this paper is to present a new system which can be appropriate for rating tunnel sites to evaluate the potential of groundwater inflow according to the preliminary site investigation data. In this paper, an evaluation model based on combining the analytic hierarchy process and the fuzzy Delphi method has been presented for assessing tunnel site rating from the groundwater hazard point of view. This research treats the tunnel site classification as a group decision problem and applies the fuzzy logic theory as the criterion to calculate the weighting factors. Afterward, the proposed method was successfully applied to determine the amount of groundwater inflow into tunnels. Results of several case studies in various geological conditions roughly show that it can be used to determine the groundwater inflow into tunnels. The introduced method has been examined successfully in Ghomroud tunnel. Results from the proposed method, analytical equations, and observed groundwater inflow into Ghomrud tunnel have been compared. Results show that, because most of parameters regulating groundwater inflow into tunnels have been considered in the method, results from the method are very close to the observed groundwater inflow. Applying this method, according to preliminary investigations conducted by the designers, provides a more suitable design of the drainage system, drilling method, and tunnel support. 相似文献
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A decision support system (DSS) has been developed to assist expert and non-expert users in the evaluation and selection of
eco-engineering strategies for slope protection. This DSS combines a qualitative hazard assessment of erosion and mass movements
with a detailed catalogue of eco-engineering strategies for slope protection of which the suitability is evaluated in relation
to the data entered. The slope decision support system (SDSS) is a knowledge based DSS in which knowledge is stored in frames
containing rules that can evaluate the available information for a project, stored as project specific information (PSI) in
a data file. The advantages of such a system are that it accepts incomplete information and that the qualitative nature of
the information does not instil the user with a sense of unjustified exactitude. By its multidisciplinary and progressive
nature, the DSS will be of value during the initial stages of an eco-engineering project when data collection and the potential
of different eco-engineering strategies are considered. The accent of the output of the DSS is on the application of eco-engineering
strategies for slope protection as an environmentally-friendly solution aiding sustainable development. For its acceptance
within the engineering community, the DSS needs to prove its predictive capacity. Therefore, its performance has been benchmarked
against successful and unsuccessful cases of slope stabilisation using eco-engineering. The target audience and the areas
of application of this DSS are reviewed and the strategies for further development in this area suggested. 相似文献