共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Weijian Yu Weijun Wang Genshui Wu Xianyang Yu Wenqing Peng 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(5):1921-1931
Aiming at the construction and control problems of fractured rock mass when large section inclined shaft through goaf in this paper, and with the new digging belt conveyer incline shaft at No. 6 mine of Pingdingshan as the study subject, three zones of overlying strata in goaf and stability control of surrounding rock in incline shaft was studied. According to the actual mining situation and the engineering geological conditions, the methods of empirical formula and field tracking were used to determine the height of three zones of overlying strata and the length corresponding to the new digging belt conveyer incline shaft. At the same time, the mechanical characteristics of surrounding rock in caving zone analyzed by laboratory experiment. And the compacted conditions of rock strata in goaf with the Ding5–6 coal seam was obtained through the field, so that “rigid U steel arch+ pouring concrete” supporting scheme was put forward. In addition, the mechanics principle of U steel inverted arch was analyzed by mechanical theory, which finally determined the concrete support parameters and construction scheme for surrounding rock of incline shaft in caving zone. Through field practice and late monitoring, the result shown that the stability of surrounding rock was well controlled, and surrounding rock began to stabilize and its deformation rate was less than 1 mm/d in the stable stage of monitoring. 相似文献
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Intensive strata behaviors are generated when the No. 8707 working face of the 8# coal seam in a coal mine is advanced by way of the pillars left over of the upper part of 7# close distance coal seam. The theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and filed measurement were utilized to obtain the rule of the stress change when the 8707 working face of the 8# coal seam passes the pillars left over of the 7# coal seam. Meanwhile, a pressure-relief mining (PRM) technology was put forward. According to the research results, when the 8707 working face in the 8# coal seam was advanced to the position that was 20 m in front of the pillar left over, the abutment pressure reached the maximum for 26 MPa and the stress concentration factor was 3.25, which was likely to give rise to the rock burst. With the advance of the working face, the abutment pressure was reduced slowly. As the 8707 working face advanced 15 m away the pillar left over, the transfixed shear failure region of 45° was found in the bedrocks of the upper and lower coal seams, which was readily to give rise to the shear rupture, leading to the rock burst. Based on the aforementioned research, this research carried out the PRM by applying the hydraulic fracturing technology on the coal roof and pillar, which can ensure the safety and efficient mining of working faces. 相似文献
3.
运用ANSYS分析开采倾斜煤层引起的地表变形 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对倾斜煤层的开采特点,应用有限元基本原理,建立了倾斜煤层开采的有限元分析模型。利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS对开采倾斜煤层引起的岩体移动、地表沉陷及应力分布情况进行了数值模拟,总结出倾斜煤层开采时岩体移动的基本特征及地表沉陷的相关参数。利用ANSYS软件作出地表基准点的水平、下沉移动分布曲线、应力分布曲线以及计算模型的应力等值线图、水平移动等值线图和下沉等值线图。上述分布图直观地显示了顶板、煤层及底板的变形以及应力分布情况。阐明了倾斜煤层开采引起地表沉陷的变形机理。为矿区建筑物下倾斜煤层的开采提供了参考依据。 相似文献
4.
断层作用下深部开采诱发冲击地压相似试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以典型断层型冲击地压矿井为例,采用相似材料模拟试验方法,基于覆岩空间结构失稳与断层活化耦合致灾原理,分析了巨型逆冲断层下盘煤层开采采场覆岩运动过程、工作面倾向支承压力及断层面的应力变化规律,研究了巨型逆冲断层影响下巨厚坚硬顶板易冲击煤层冲击地压显现特征。试验结果表明：煤层开采诱发巨型逆冲断层冲击灾变过程分为3阶段：第1阶段,受煤层采动影响,上覆岩层发生空间运动,煤体中形成明显高应力集中区;第2阶段,覆岩多层空间结构演化诱发断层活化,断层活化导致空间结构外部岩体回转,给空间结构施加外部载荷,造成空间结构失稳加剧,煤岩体的应力激增,影响范围扩大;第3阶段,断层滑移释放能量,提供动载荷。根据应力监测数据变化规律,划分了逆冲断层的明显影响区域,研究结果为断层影响下煤层开采的防冲策略与设计提供可靠依据。 相似文献
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在地层倾角较大地区,尤其是通过钻孔见煤深度推断的地层倾角变化较大地区,钻孔之间的地层及构造变化情况,若仅依靠钻孔资料,可能会得出与事实相反的结论。大倾角地层地区的地震勘探,须解决的地质问题主要有：受构造运动影响,煤系地层被风化剥蚀后,与新生界呈不不整合接触关系的煤层露头点：背斜轴部发育的褶曲、断层以及煤层赋存形态的变化;受大断层的牵引作用,其附近地层倾角变化及小断层的发育情况。在地震资料处理时,对干涉波应采用炮炮计算切除量及去线性干扰模块进行切除：并认为偏移处理中的层速度,做沿层平滑较均方根速度平滑更加合理。在进行解释时,应注意分辨不同的波形特征及断点识别标志。实例表明：地震勘探可以准确地控制单斜地层因断层导致的背斜构造及地层倾角变化情况。 相似文献
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淮南矿区保护层开采卸压范围及瓦斯抽采地面井部署 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以保护层卸压开采和卸压瓦斯地面井抽采工程实践取得的大量资料为基础,结合采区上覆岩层变形变位检测和煤岩层力学性质实验室测试结果,总结了煤与煤层气开采地质条件,讨论了确定保护层开采有效卸压范围的方法,得到了淮南矿区保护层开采有效卸压范围的结果,分析了其对卸压瓦斯地面井部署的影响,提出了淮南矿区卸压瓦斯地面井部署的建议。研究结果表明:淮南矿区11-2保护层的最大有效保护距离为117 m,11-2保护层的开采对13-1被保护层的保护是有效的;走向有效卸压保护角为64°,倾向有效卸压保护角下方为77°、上方为83°,被保护层的卸压范围相对于保护层下部内错15.4 m,上部内错8.2 m;地面井应部署在走向上距始采线37 m外,倾向上靠近回风巷13～30 m之间的位置。研究结果对实现煤层气高效、持续、稳定的抽采和煤与煤层气共采意义重大。 相似文献
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Hai-tao Sun Xu-sheng Zhao Ri-hu Li Hong-wei Jin Dongling Sun 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(9):336
Windblown methane is an important gas resulting in atmospheric greenhouse effect. Therefore, reduction in windblown methane is one of the important measures to mitigate atmospheric greenhouse effect. In China, weak coal seam of low permeability is common in coal mines, so it is beset with difficulties to decrease the methane emission rate by means of gas drainage from the virgin coal seam, further to decrease the windblown mine gas. Utilizing the pressure relief and permeability and fluidity improvement effect in coal mining an approach to release methane emission through surface borehole was established, for example establishing a comprehensive deformation fracture model of surface borehole in extraction area based on quantitative rule of overlying rock movement in pit and forming a technology to select the surface borehole arrangement site in extraction area on the basis of deformation of bore frame structure and distribution characteristics of extraction flow field. And optimization technology of shape and structure of surface borehole in extraction area on the basis of ultimate stress analysis of surface borehole casing was given. The technology overcomes effectively the problem that surface borehole casing is vulnerable to premature fracture due to impact of strata movement on the surface borehole, and further increases the drainage result of the surface borehole. The technology has been test in China Shanxi Jincheng Sihe Coal Mine, achieving good results, including 12,000 Nm3/d pure methane drainage rate from single borehole, 85% methane concentration and 1.1 million Nm3 accumulative methane drainage, which demonstrate practicability and advanced performance of the technology. 相似文献
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Zhongchang Wang Xinping Guo Chuan Wang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(6):3399-3409
To master the laws of strong strata behavior of Tashan coal mine under Carboniferous coal mining process, the laws of strong strata behavior in 8107 working face was measured and analyzed. It was shown that the average initial weighting step of 8107 working face was 59.4 m. The average periodic weighting step of main roof was 16.2 m. The maximum working resistance during periodic weighting was 14,711.1 kN. The maximum working resistance during non-periodic weighting was 11,339.9 kN. The average dynamic load factor K during periodic weighting was 1.31. The stress of coal column on the side of the goaf could be divided into four zones (stress stabilization zone, stress slow-increasing zone, significant—increasing stress zone, stress reduction zone) along the strike of 8107 working face. There was a peak of lateral support pressure along the trend of 8107 working face. And the peak position was biased to the side of return airway roadway. With the increase of the distance from the down-side of return airway, the pressure peak of the inner coal body along the strike of 8107 the working face increased and the peak position decreased from the coal wall. The peak stress of coal column tended to be close to the up-side of return airway. And the distance from the down-side of return airway for the peak of inner coal was larger than that for the peak of coal pillar. The peak position of abutment pressure of hard roof was in the range of 10–25 m in front of 8107 working face under full mechanized mining extra thickness coal seam conditions. The relative stress concentration coefficient of k was 1.3–6.5. The range of 10–25 m from the front of the working face to coal wall was stress reduction zone. And the influence range of abutment pressure was about 80 m. It was of great significance to the control and practice of the surrounding rock of the stope for the mining of the hard extra-thick coal seam. 相似文献
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近距离上保护层开采瓦斯运移规律数值分析 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
采动裂隙是瓦斯运移的通道,搞清瓦斯运移规律是瓦斯治理的前提。在考虑岩石动态破坏过程和含瓦斯煤岩渗流-应力-损伤耦合的基础上,结合平煤五矿实际地质条件和开采工艺,建立了数值计算模型,应用RFPA-Gas程序模拟了近距离上保护层采动顶底板岩层变形破坏、裂隙演化规律与瓦斯运移规律。模拟结果较好地再现了保护层开采过程中煤岩层应力变化、顶底板损伤及裂隙演化过程,得到了上覆岩层移动的“上三带”（冒落带、裂隙带和弯曲下沉带）和底板变形的“下两带”（底板变形破坏带和弹塑性变形带）。得到了被保护层瓦斯流量分布、瓦斯压力分布和透气系数的变化规律,卸压煤层瓦斯透气性增大了2 500倍,得到了煤壁下方压缩区和膨胀区之间的张剪瓦斯渗流通道,并将保护层底板压缩区和膨胀区的瓦斯渗流特征提炼出来：压缩区对应的是渗流减速减量区、膨胀区由卸压膨胀陡变区和卸压膨胀平稳区组成,分别对应着渗流急剧增速增量区和渗流平稳增量区。指出卸压膨胀陡变区是瓦斯突出危险区,为近距离保护层开采瓦斯治理指明了方向。实践表明,瓦斯治理效果显著。 相似文献
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急倾斜地层,特别是多煤层的急倾斜地层勘查区,由于地层倾角的变化较大,单纯依靠钻孔取心进行煤层层位对比或利用地震时间剖面同相轴进行煤层层位追踪,效果均不理想。以新疆尼勒克煤田胡吉尔台勘查区为例,在钻探施工方法各异的情况下,通过对各种勘探方法的比较,最终选择误差影响因素较小的自然伽马测井曲线进行煤层层位对比,并找出了该区煤单层、煤层组合及煤岩层组合等自然伽马测井曲线响应特征,如11煤的＂上凹下峰＂形态,7煤层与9煤层的＂手套＂形态,16、17、18煤的尖峰与直立组合形态等。根据上述标志层的典型响应特征,采用先走向后倾向的原则,对全区进行煤岩层对比,揭示了该勘查区煤层的分岔、合并、冲刷、沉缺、煤层厚度等变化规律,取得了良好的对比效果。 相似文献
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特厚煤层小煤柱沿空掘巷数值分析及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沿空掘巷开采技术成功的关键主要取决于采场覆岩稳定的时间和沿空掘巷的位置。采场采动岩体运动导致围岩应力重新分布,动态采场应力作用于围岩并使其状态发生灾变是发生矿山灾害的根本原因。特厚煤层分层综采巷道布置（包括内错、外错和垂直）,合理确定煤柱尺寸、巷道支护方式和参数选择能够最大可能发挥围岩的自承能力,是提高巷道稳定的重要保证。在稳定的内应力场范围内布置小煤柱护巷,能够明显提高巷道围岩稳定状态,减少巷道维护费用。通过理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测等方法,对特厚煤层下分层沿空掘巷小煤柱不同巷道布置设计,通过煤柱的应力、应变和位移进行对比分析,确定特厚煤层下分层沿空掘巷合理的巷道位置和煤柱尺寸及上覆岩层防控技术,并得到工程验证是正确可靠的,从而为特厚煤层小煤柱开采技术提供了重要的科学依据。 相似文献
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为研究榆神矿区最上可采煤层赋存及开采对萨拉乌苏组含水层危害程度,依次分析了榆神矿区最上可采煤层赋存特征、最上可采煤层与上覆主要含（隔）水层空间分布规律及组合类型,基于基载比和采高的最上可采煤层覆岩导水裂隙带发育规律、煤层开采对萨拉乌苏组含水层危害程度,将榆神矿区开采受危害程度分为4类:自然保水区、保水采煤区（影响大区和影响小区）、采煤失水区及采煤无水区。结果表明:受构造及剥蚀作用影响,榆神矿区最上可采煤层及上覆基岩呈差异剥蚀,煤露头线从SE向NW呈阶梯状分布,最上可采煤层上覆基岩由NW到SE方向逐渐变薄。榆神矿区西部（三、四期）最上可采煤层开采后对萨拉乌苏组含水层危害程度小或没影响;榆神矿区东部（一、二期）最上可采煤层开采后对萨拉乌苏组含水层危害程度大。 相似文献
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以离石—军渡高速公路下伏康家沟煤矿采矿地质条件为原型,采用相似材料模拟实验方法,对多煤层开采引起的覆岩移动及地表变形规律进行了研究。相似模拟实验结果表明:多煤层开采条件下,随着煤层累计采厚的增加,采空区"三带"覆岩下沉量和采空区地表沉降量、地表倾斜变形、地表水平位移及地表曲率变形都呈增大趋势,采空区上覆岩体更加破碎,地表变形更加强烈。研究成果可为高速公路下伏多煤层采空区的治理设计提供依据。 相似文献
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大跨度采空影响顺倾构造山体侧向变动的复合机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采空区地表山体侧向变动,不同于一般天然山坡,也与采空区一般上覆岩层的变形破坏有异;它是二者复合机理的效应。本文在分析考察了毗邻电厂的横山顺倾构造山体,剖析了地下采空情况后认为,山体侧向变动中,软弱夹层有决定性作用;变动范围、速率与规模,与地下采空有关。从而又利用地质力学模型试验和数值模拟,探索了采动引起山体应力场及变动规律。结果表明,山体岩层的变形、位移、破坏,由直接顶板向地表发展;采空坍陷诱发了软弱夹层的蠕滑,则产生山体侧向滑移;电厂区地表隆起变形是山体侧向滑移挤压地基土的反映。通过现场实际调究、变形观测资料分析与数值模拟和模型试验的对比研究,提出了坍落拱梁的成生效应、挤压蠕滑效应、失稳效应;揭露了顺倾构造山体在采空影响下,具有地表、地下的复合临空面的复合应力场中复合变动的复合机理;并提出这种山体侧向变动机理的典型地质模式,借以论证山体稳定性。 相似文献
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渭北煤田多变形运动期和多组构造叠加孕育出的煤系断层带对煤层瓦斯赋存产生重要影响。采用地质分析、COMSOL Multiphysics多物理场数值模拟和现场数据监测相结合的方法,分析煤系正断层带的应力分布特征及断层之间相互作用关系,研究煤系正断层带影响下的煤层渗透率变化特征,模拟正断层带形成后的瓦斯运移状态和浓度分布情况,基于瓦斯含量和瓦斯涌出量监测结果进一步分析得到煤层瓦斯赋存规律。研究结果表明:煤系断层带的应力集中主要分布在煤层断层面上,应力降产生在岩层、煤层及各断层面交汇点处;煤系断层带影响区域的煤层渗透率由大到小依次为:断层面、区域平均值、断层上盘、断层下盘;随模拟时间增加,煤层瓦斯浓度逐渐减小,煤系正断层带内部地堑、地垒、阶梯状断层瓦斯浓度降低速率略大于两侧边界断块,瓦斯在断层断块内部及正断层带外侧边界表现出明显的积聚特性;煤系正断层带内部瓦斯含量和回采期间回风流瓦斯体积分数平均值分别为2.592 1 m3/t、0.224 0%,断层带外部边界两侧平均值分别为4.480 2 m3/t、0.454 9%,表明煤系正断层带两侧形成新的瓦斯富集区域。 相似文献
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Li Lianchong Yang Tianhong Liang Zhengzhao Zhu Wancheng Tang Chunan 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2011,85(3-4):276-288
Permeable geologic faults in the coal seam can cause intermittent production problems or unexpected amounts of groundwater outburst from the underlying aquifers. With the acknowledgment of the basic mechanism for groundwater outbursts, the groundwater outburst along the fault zones in coal mines are numerically investigated using RFPA, a numerical code based on FEM. The fracture initiation, propagation, and coalescence in the stressed strata and the seepage field evolution in the stress field are represented visually during the whole process of groundwater outburst. The numerically obtained damage evolution shows that the floor strata could be classified as three zones, i.e. mining induced fracture zone, intact zone and fault reactivation zone, in which the intact zone is the key part for resisting groundwater outburst and directly determines the effective thickness of water-resisting rock layer. With understanding of the evolution of stress field and seepage flow in floor strata, the groundwater outburst pathway is calibrated and the transformation of floor rock mass from water-resisting strata to outburst pathway is clearly illuminated. Moreover, it is shown that geometrical configuration, including inclination angle of faults and seam drop along faults, have an important influence on groundwater outburst. Finally, based on geological, hydrogeology survey and numerical results, the mechanism analysis of groundwater outburst in an engineering case is studied, which can provide significantly meaningful guides for the investigation on mechanism and prevention of groundwater outburst induced by faults in practice. 相似文献
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19.
煤层风氧化带宽度的确定方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在煤炭资源储量估算中,煤层风氧化带垂深都是根据煤质化验指标来确定,对在煤层底板等高线上如何确定煤层风氧化带宽度没有明确的规定,为此,依据实际工作中遇到的三种地质情况：地表基本平坦：地表有倾角且倾向与煤层倾向相同;地表有倾角且倾向与煤层倾向相反,分别用制图法、计算法确定其煤层风氧化带的宽度。 相似文献
20.
Baotang Shen 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(6):2225-2238
Roadway instability has always been a major concern in deep underground coal mines where the surrounding rock strata and coal seams are weak and the in situ stresses are high. Under the high overburden and tectonic stresses, roadways could collapse or experience excessive deformation, which not only endangers mining personnel but could also reduce the functionality of the roadway and halt production. This paper describes a case study on the stability of roadways in an underground coal mine in Shanxi Province, China. The mine was using a longwall method to extract coal at a depth of approximately 350 m. Both the coal seam and surrounding rock strata were extremely weak and vulnerable to weathering. Large roadway deformation and severe roadway instabilities had been experienced in the past, hence, an investigation of the roadway failure mechanism and new support designs were needed. This study started with an in situ stress measurement programme to determine the stress orientation and magnitude in the mine. It was found that the major horizontal stress was more than twice the vertical stress in the East–West direction, perpendicular to the gateroads of the longwall panel. The high horizontal stresses and low strength of coal and surrounding rock strata were the main causes of roadway instabilities. Detailed numerical modeling was conducted to evaluate the roadway stability and deformation under different roof support scenarios. Based on the modeling results, a new roadway support design was proposed, which included an optimal cable/bolt arrangement, full length grouting, and high pre-tensioning of bolts and cables. It was expected the new design could reduce the roadway deformation by 50 %. A field experiment using the new support design was carried out by the mine in a 100 m long roadway section. Detailed extensometry and stress monitorings were conducted in the experimental roadway section as well as sections using the old support design. The experimental section produced a much better roadway profile than the previous roadway sections. The monitoring data indicated that the roadway deformation in the experimental section was at least 40–50 % less than the previous sections. This case study demonstrated that through careful investigation and optimal support design, roadway stability in soft rock conditions can be significantly improved. 相似文献