共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Pedro Alves Costa José Leitão Borges Manuel Matos Fernandes 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2007,25(6):617-629
The studies of excavations in soft clayey soils are normally based on undrained total stress analyses. A better approach consists
of taking into account the effects of consolidation during the excavation-bracing process and after the completion of the
construction by means of coupled finite element analyses in effective stresses. In this paper, the geotechnical behaviour
of a braced excavation in the soft soils of San Francisco (USA) is analysed, both during and after the construction period.
Numerical analyses are performed with a finite element program, which incorporates the Biot consolidation theory (coupled
formulation of the water flow and equilibrium equations) and soil constitutive relations simulated by the p-q-θ critical state model. Numerical results are compared with field results. 相似文献
2.
Mohamed Younes Ahmed Said Taibi Hanène Souli Jean-Marie Fleureau 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(4):1335-1348
The use of electro-osmosis in geotechnical engineering has been considered since 1930. Its application has been tested in several sectors like the fight against rising damp in porous materials, the consolidation of soils as well as the remediation of the soils contaminated by oil and heavy metals, etc. The paper presents an experimental study of the electrokinetic phenomena resulting from the application of an electric field to argillaceous sandstones. The electroosmotic tests required the development of a completely new experimental device composed of a confining cell, of a system of measurement and control of the pH of the electrolyte near the electrodes, of a system of control and measurement of the voltage and current at the edges of the sample, and of a system of measurement of inlet (anodic) and outlet (cathodic) flows. Various boundary conditions are considered with and without control of pH. In addition, a micro structural modelling of the electrokinetic phenomena makes it possible to quantify the electro osmotic conductivity with a good agreement with experiments. 相似文献
3.
In geotechnical earthquake engineering, wave propagation plays a fundamental role in engineering applications related to the dynamic response of geotechnical structures and to site response analysis. However, current engineering practice is primarily concentrated on the investigation of shear wave propagation and the corresponding site response only to the horizontal components of the ground motion. Due to the repeated recent observations of strong vertical ground motions and compressional damage of engineering structures, there is an increasing need to carry out a comprehensive investigation of vertical site response and the associated compressional wave propagation, particularly when performing the seismic design for critical structures (e.g. nuclear power plants and high dams). Therefore, in this paper, the compressional wave propagation mechanism in saturated soils is investigated by employing hydro-mechanically (HM) coupled analytical and numerical methods. A HM analytical solution for compressional wave propagation is first studied based on Biot’s theory, which shows the existence of two types of compressional waves (fast and slow waves) and indicates that their characteristics (i.e. wave dispersion and attenuation) are highly dependent on some key geotechnical and seismic parameters (i.e. the permeability, soil stiffness and loading frequency). The subsequent HM Finite Element (FE) study reproduces the duality of compressional waves and identifies the dominant permeability ranges for the existence of the two waves. In particular the existence of the slow compression wave is observed for a range of permeability and loading frequency that is relevant for geotechnical earthquake engineering applications. In order to account for the effects of soil permeability on compressional dynamic soil behaviour and soil properties (i.e. P-wave velocities and damping ratios), the coupled consolidation analysis is therefore recommended as the only tool capable of accurately simulating the dynamic response of geotechnical structures to vertical ground motion at intermediate transient states between undrained and drained conditions. 相似文献
4.
In order to realize more benefits and to have more effective output from the mechanical ground improvement projects, the field soils are subjected to over consolidation. This process induces a characteristic yield stress in the compacted soil mass similar to that exhibited by the soil masses subjected to natural processes of over consolidation during their geological life time. In view of the absence of any documented geotechnical engineering literature on such an important topic, this paper intends to throw some useful light on compaction induced yield stress in fine-grained soils. A detailed discussion of various factors contributing to the induced yield stress as a consequence of compaction is done. The results of the present experimental study indicates that the values of compaction induced yield stress increase from dry side of optimum to optimum compacted state. This stress may tend to achieve an equilibrium value or decrease beyond optimum compacted state depending upon the contribution from the coarser fraction composing the soil. It is also illustrated that the soils subjected to same compactive effort exhibit different values of yield stress as a consequence of clay mineralogical composition of the soils. 相似文献
5.
The Portland cement manufacturing process produces considerable amount of cement kiln dust (CKD). While many facilities are
able to reuse a significant portion of CKD in their production lines, a large percentage is removed as industrial waste and
placed in landfills. Because of the large amount of material potentially available for use, and in an effort to cut disposal
costs, alternative and beneficial uses for CKD need to be investigated. This study presents experimental results of the use
of CKD in modification and stabilization of soils from the Aberdeen and Everett areas in the state of Washington. These soils
are typically wet of the optimum water content and pose problems during geotechnical construction. CKD was added in percentages
of 5, 10, 15, and 20% by dry weight of the soils. Laboratory tests, including drying rate of the soils, Atterberg limits,
standard proctor and unconfined compressive strength were conducted. Results of the investigation showed significant improvement
in drying rate and unconfined compressive strength of the CKD treated specimens as the percentage of CKD increased. It was
also found that lower percentages of CKD can be used for modification purposes, whereas higher percentages of CKD can be used
for both modification and stabilization purposes in geotechnical construction. 相似文献
6.
Utilization of pond ash in large earthworks for geotechnical applications like construction of highway embankments, raising
of ash dykes and filling low lying areas (construction fills), solves the waste disposal problem besides conserving the natural
soils. However, design and construction of such geotechnical structures particularly in earthquake prone areas, requires thorough
understanding of dynamic response of these structures under different seismic loading conditions. Here in this article, dynamic
stability of embankments raised around the perimeter of ash ponds by the upstream and down stream methods of construction
with coarse (ash from inflow point) and fine (ash from outflow point) pond ash materials, has been computed for different
site specific earthquake scenarios appropriate for Delhi region. The performance of the embankments is analyzed using Quake/w
and Slope/w software packages for steady-state seepage condition. The required dynamic properties of the materials are obtained
form the various field and laboratory tests. The geotechnical structures constructed with ash exhibited similar type of response
as that of with the natural soils. The performance of the structures is influenced by number factors such as type of construction
(e.g. upstream or downstream), insitu conditions (e.g. stresses, density, phreatic line), and magnitude of dynamic loads,
besides on the static and dynamic characteristics of the materials. The structures with the fine ash exhibit higher vulnerability
to liquefaction related failures, which emphasizes need for carrying site-specific studies and adoption of proper construction
measures to ensure design parameters. 相似文献
7.
We pay a revisit to some classical geomechanics problems using a novel computational multiscale modelling approach. The multiscale approach employs a hierarchical coupling of the finite element method (FEM) and the discrete element method. It solves a boundary value problem at the continuum scale by FEM and derives the material point response from the discrete element method simulation attached to each Gauss point of the FEM mesh. The multiscale modelling framework not only helps successfully bypass phenomenological constitutive assumptions as required in conventional modelling approaches but also facilitates effective cross‐scale interpretation and understanding of soil behaviour. We examine the classical retaining wall and footing problems by this method and demonstrate that the simulating results can be well validated and verified by their analytical solutions. Furthermore, the study sheds novel multiscale insights into these classical problems and offers a new tool for geotechnical engineers to design and analyse geotechnical applications based directly upon particle‐level information of soils. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
Some studies suggest that creep parameters should be determined using a greater quantity of creep test data to provide more reliable prediction regarding the deformation of soft soils. This study aims to investigate the effect of loading duration on model updating. One‐dimensional consolidation data of intact Vanttila clay under different loading durations collected from the literature is used for demonstration. The Bayesian probabilistic method is used to identify all unknown parameters based on the consolidation data during the entire consolidation process, and their uncertainty can be quantified through the obtained posterior probability density functions. Additionally, the optimal models are also determined from among 9 model candidates. The analyses indicate that the optimal models can describe the creep behavior of intact soft soils under different loading durations, and the adopted method can evaluate the effect of loading duration on uncertainty in the creep analysis. The uncertainty of a specific model and its model parameters decreases as more creep data are involved in the updating process, and the updated models that use more creep data can better capture the deformation behavior of an intact sample. The proposed method can provide quantified uncertainty in the process of model updating and assist engineers to decide whether the creep test data are sufficient for the creep analysis. 相似文献
9.
面向对象方法在Biot固结有限元程序中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
面向对象程序设计方法应用于有限元程序编制带来了相当大的优越性。但迄今为止，这种方法在岩土工程中的应用实例很少。至于用面向对象方法进行土力学中常见的Biot固结有限元分析软件的开发，尚未见报道。现将面向对象有限元方法引入Biot固结有限元程序编制中，用C＋＋语言编制中一个Biot固结有限元程序实例。和结构化程序设计方法相比较，采用面向对象方法进行Biot固结有限元程序的编制，使程序的可维护性、可再生性、可扩充性和程序开发的效率都得到了很大的提高。指出将面向对象程序设计方法引入了Biot固结有限元程序的编制等岩土工程的数值计算领域，是今后的发展方向。 相似文献
10.
Due to the deterioration of the Parakou—Malanville highway, the preparation of a rehabilitation program was necessary. The related geotechnical exploration provided an excellent opportunity to study the properties of the encountered lateritic soils. The mineralogical analysis proved that the lateritic overburden originates from the local rocks. However, the analyses also indicated that the soils can only be identified as lateritic by virtue of their hematite content. The soils were classified according to the AASHO-system and their geotechnical properties were thoroughly investigated. The results revealed that the overwhelming majority of the available soils was unsuitable for highway construction due to their high plasticity. In order to improve them, cement stabilization was suggested. The laboratory tests resulted in an economically feasible solution. 相似文献
11.
土的结构性是引起天然土和重塑土各项性质差异的最主要原因。基于考虑土体结构性影响的岩土工程方法和手段应代表岩土工程实践发展方向的这一认识,本文以建立海口原状红黏土的结构性本构模式为研究目标。在结构性定量化指标上,引入综合结构势的概念,建立岩土微结构、胶结作用与宏观力学效应之间的定量表达关系。通过对海口地区所取原状红黏土和相应重塑土进行等向固结排水试验和p=常数的三轴压缩排水试验,分别定义应力型结构性参数和应变型结构性参数。同时发现两者相对于平均主应力存在着归一性化特性,能较好地描述海口原状红黏土的结构性。在此基础上对K-G模型进行了结构性的修正,并进行了数值模拟。结果显示,修正K-G模型能够定量描述海口红黏土的结构性,较好地反映原状红黏土的结构性及预测原状红黏土的应力应变关系。 相似文献
12.
基于球形固结模型的桩端后注浆残余应力理论研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于球形空腔扩张及一维径向固结理论,对桩端后注浆桩的桩端注浆残余应力进行理论研究,分析了残余应力的消散过程,在负指数衰减的初始超孔隙压力分布基础上,得到了残余应力随时间及扩散半径消散的解析解;同时将提出的方法与未考虑浆液扩散半径影响的简化方法进行了比较,对模型的主要影响参数进行了分析。参数分析显示,流变指数、稠度系数、土体的压缩模量及固结时间是影响注浆残余应力的关键因素;另外,通过试验实测数据对新方法及简化计算方法进行了验证,结果表明,新计算方法能有效地模拟后注浆残余应力的消散。其研究结果对后注浆残余应力的理论研究及工程实践有重要的指导价值。 相似文献
13.
Geotechnical construction is responsible for the overall stability of superstructures, and if there are design errors, the structure will be exposed to potential problems. Geotechnical design starts with the correct interpretation of the target ground. Southeastern Iraq is mainly comprised of an alluvial plain with diverse geological features, and, therefore, geotechnical design requires a detailed interpretation and understanding of the area. This paper reports on laboratory and field tests and in-depth analyses conducted on these alluvial plains. The results reveal that the upper layer of this area is highly over-consolidated. This may have been caused by the removal of overburden pressure as a result of glaciation and desiccation. The highly over-consolidated soils caused considerable sample disturbance by swelling the bored sample; this provided less reliable results. However, the cone penetration test was regarded as the most appropriate field assessment method for deriving sensible geotechnical design parameters. Despite its limitations in clayey soils, the standard penetration test provided results that matched well with previous observations due to the high penetration resistance of the highly over-consolidated ground. Down-hole tests and plate load tests were considered less reliable methods due to their limited applicability in this area. This study considers geographical features, laboratory methods, and empirical correlations from in situ tests, and, therefore, provides a well-summarized guideline to evaluate special geotechnical characteristics of the alluvial plain in southeastern Iraq. 相似文献
14.
Omar Saeed Baghabra Al-Amoudi 《Engineering Geology》1994,36(3-4):279-291
Vast expanses of arid, saline soils that occur along the Arabian Gulf seaboard and elsewhere possess a very low density and strength that necessitate improvement before any actual construction takesplace. For large-scale constructions, several field improvement techniques have recently been implemented with various degrees of success. In surficial, small-scale applications, chemical stabilization provides a potential technique to improve the inferior properties of these soils, known locally as sabkha. A literature search indicates that chemical stabilization of soils usingasphalt, lime and cement is usually conducted at lower moisture contents than the optimum. Such moisture contents are also much lower than the natural moisture content of sabkha, and if applied to sabkha in the field, this wouldrequire lowering the moisture content before any stabilization commenced; whichwould be neither feasible nor economical.
In this investigation, an eastern Saudi sabkha soil was chemically stabilized at its natural moisture level, which varies from 16% to 22%. In addition to the characterization of the soil and standard compaction tests, cement and lime sabkha mixtures were prepared at five additions and cured for up to 90 days in plastic wrap. Results indicate that cement-stabilized sabkha gained high strength with time and proved to have a potential use in construction. 相似文献
15.
基于分段线性方法,建立了饱和软土一维自重固结模型（简称SWC模型）。该模型能考虑自重固结过程中土体的大变形效应和材料参数的非线性变化。将该模型的计算结果与相关解析解、现场试验及室内试验结果进行了对比验证,证明了SWC模型能准确计算出大变形和非线性条件下饱和软土的自重固结过程,包括沉降量、平均固结度、孔隙比分布和超孔隙水压力分布等参数随时间的变化过程。随后,以现场试验为基础,采用SWC模型对饱和软土自重固结的4个主要影响因素（即土体初始高度、边界排水条件、初始孔隙比和土粒相对密度）进行了参数分析。结果表明,上述4个参数对软土自重固结过程均具有重要影响：土体初始高度越高,则自重固结沉降量和最终平均应变值越大;边界排水条件对土体自重固结的速度有重要影响,但不影响自重固结的最终沉降量;初始孔隙比越大,则自重固结沉降量越大,其完成自重固结所需时间越短;土粒相对密度越大,则土体的最终沉降量越大,完成自重固结所需时间越短。 相似文献
16.
冻融作用对兰州黄土力学性质的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以兰州黄土为研究对象,让土样在封闭系统下经历一个冻融循环,再考察土的强度参数（c,φ）和前期固结压力（Pc）在冻融作用下的变化规律。试验表明,冻融循环对不同干容重的土具有强化和弱化的双重作用,并由此导致其力学性质发生相应的变化。相同冻结温度梯度下,随着土样干容重的增大,冻融后Pc和c具有首先增大然后减小的规律,并存在一个临界干容重,在这个干容重下,土样经过冻融后Pc和c不发生变化;干容重较小时,冻融后φ变化不大,随着干容重的逐渐增大,φ有少许增大。同一干容重下,随着冻结温度梯度的增大,冻融后Pc变化量减小,c的变化量增大,而φ的变化不大（呈逐渐增大趋势）。冻结温度梯度对力学性质的影响,主要是孔隙水的不同冻结方式造成的。 相似文献
17.
在有限数据条件下,可靠度敏感性分析是研究各种不确定性因素对边坡失稳概率影响规律的重要途径。基于直接蒙特卡洛模拟和概率密度加权分析方法提出了一种高效边坡稳定可靠度敏感性分析方法。所提出的方法通过随机场表征岩土体参数的空间变异性,并采用局部平均理论建立岩土体参数的缩维概率密度函数,用于概率密度加权分析中高效、准确地计算不同敏感性分析方案对应的边坡失稳概率。最后,通过一个工程案例--詹姆斯湾堤坝说明了所提出方法的有效性和准确性。结果表明：在敏感性分析过程中,所提出的方法只需要执行一次直接蒙特卡洛模拟,避免了针对不同敏感性分析方案重新产生随机样本和执行边坡稳定分析,节约了大量的计算时间和计算资源,显著提高了基于蒙特卡洛模拟的敏感性分析计算效率;在概率密度加权分析中采用岩土体参数的缩维概率密度函数能够准确地计算边坡失稳概率,避免了有偏估计,使概率密度加权分析方法适用于考虑空间变异性条件下的边坡稳定可靠度敏感性分析问题。 相似文献
18.
竖井排水固结法中井阻随时空演变（即由淤堵和弯折所引起的竖井排水能力下降）的现象已引起广泛关注,且变井阻对竖井地基固结速率的影响不容忽略。但目前能同时考虑变荷载及井阻随时间和空间变化的固结解析解还鲜有报道。考虑井阻随时空演变过程,引入实际中广泛采用的单级或多级加载模式,建立了竖井地基固结模型,并应用分离变量法获得固结模型的解析解答。通过与已有的解析解、有限差分解及工程实测值进行对比分析,充分验证了该模型的正确性。通过大量的计算,分析变井阻参数对竖井地基固结性状的影响。结果表明：竖井地基固结速率随竖井最终排水能力的增大而加快,随深度井阻参数及时间井阻参数的增大而减缓,且时间井阻参数的影响更为显著。 相似文献
19.
This paper presents a variation of Biot's consolidation theory for analysing problems involving unsaturated soils, and implemented using the finite element method. The numerical method is applied to a few geotechnical problems as examples and the results obtained are compared to some published data. The illustrative examples show how the numerical method can be used to analyse seepage and consolidation problems associated with unsaturated soils and demonstrate the flexibility and applicability of the presented method. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
强夯荷载作用瞬间饱和土层固结变形计算 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
在已有强夯荷载作用下饱和土层内孔隙水压力分布理论研究成果的基础上,提出了一个预估强夯荷载作用瞬间由于孔隙水压力消散所引起的饱和土层固结变形量的计算方法;讨论了固结系数、卸荷固结比等土性参数对强夯冲击荷载作用下固结变形量大小的影响,进一步解释了强夯法加固饱和土层的机理。 相似文献