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1.
The drilling parameter monitor is an important tool in drilling engineering applied to monitoring drilling process, carrying out scientific analysis and decision-making. Based on discussing the present development situation of the domestic and foreign drilling machine parameter monitors, the metering scheme for vehicle-loaded drilling parameter monitor was designed. By using detection system for MSP430 single-chip microcomputer （SCM） in combination with peripheral circuit such as sensors, the drilling-rig control system was obtained to detect, and for every parameter in real-time display in order to keep operating the drilling rig status. The experiment shows that the drilling parameter monitor reaches design requirements and can be applied to drilling engineering monitoring, which has characters such as simple structure, high credibility and low cost.  相似文献   

2.
Air DTH hammer has been successfully applied in minor-caliber solid mineral exploration,water-well drilling and other drilling areas.In order to expand the applications of the technology,the authors further studied the principle and analyzed the mechanism of reverse circulation drilling technique with air DTH hammer to get the perfect assembles of equipments by optimizing working parameters.No parameter seemed more important than the air volume because it could maintain the working performance stability.The minimum air volume is related to the parameters such as depth and pressure,which was calculated under the actual conditions.It was solved for the air injection flow tables of the air DTH Hammer working at the different pressures.According to the data tables,operators could adjust the air volume to meet the demand on this technique,which had a realistic guiding significance.So it could build up a set of systematic and complete hi-technique.  相似文献   

3.
In the past two decades,numerous large-diameter rock-socketed piles were constructed in China to support foundations of skyscrapers,great bridges or to retain soil in potential geological hazard areas.However,drilling large-diameter rock-socketed pile holes with conventional drilling method such as rotary drilling or cable tool drilling is time-consuming and the cost is usually very high.In order to drill large-diameter rock-socketed pile holes faster at relatively low cost,the FGC15A large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system was developed in 1987 and was given the second-class award by Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources in 1991.Since it was innovated the drilling system has been used in more than twenty important and tough projects on land,and wonderful results were acquired.At the same time the large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system was improved continuously.The FGC15D is the latest version of the technique.  相似文献   

4.
In the past two decades, numerous large-diameter rock-socketed piles were constructed in China to support foundations of skyscrapers, great bridges or to retain soil in potential geological hazard areas. However, drilling large-diameter rock-socketed pile holes with conventional drilling method such as rotary drilling or cable tool drilling is time-consuming and the cost is usually very high. In order to drill large-diameter rock-socketed pile holes faster at relatively low cost, the FGC15A large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system was developed in 1987 and was given the second-class award by Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources in 1991. Since it was innovated the drilling system has been used in more than twenty important and tough projects on land, and wonderful results were acquired. At the same time the large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system was improved continuously. The FGC15D is the latest version of the technique.  相似文献   

5.
In recent years, air-foam combining the advantages of both liquid and air drilling has been utilized as a drilling medium. Air-foam drilling has proved its efficiency in numerous situations where serious problems were encountered, such as in fractured formations and depleted or high permeable zones. However, the major disadvantage of air-foam drilling system is that the foam can only be used once, so that an extremely large pit is required to contain the foam to allow sufficient room for cuttings and for the foam to dissipate. Moreover, it needs enormous volume prepared, consuming abundance of water and ingredient additives, which results in the high cost of foam drilling. The recycling foam fluid by using foam breaking technology is the only effective method to solve these problems associated with the known foam drilling. Various types of equipment and technique have been employed to suppress foam formation in biological and process equipment in foam drilling. The study described various methods of foam breaking technology, and the trend of the foam breaking technology for foam drilling is discussed.  相似文献   

6.
In recent years, air-foam combining the advantages of both liquid and air drilling has been utilized as a drilling medium. Air-foam drilling has proved its efficiency in numerous situations where serious problems were encountered, such as in fractured formations and depleted or high permeable zones. However, the major disadvantage of air-foam drilling system is that the foam can only be used once, so that an extremely large pit is required to contain the foam to allow sufficient room for cuttings and for the foam to dissipate. Moreover, it needs enormous volume prepared, consuming abundance of water and ingredient additives, which results in the high cost of foam drilling. The recycling foam fluid by using foam breaking technology is the only effective method to solve these problems associated with the known foam drilling. Various types of equipment and technique have been employed to suppress foam formation in biological and process equipment in foam drilling. The study described various methods of foam breaking technology, and the trend of the foam breaking technology for foam drilling is discussed.  相似文献   

7.
为应对金刚石绳索取心钻进普遍发生的垮塌、造浆、钻杆内壁结泥皮等问题，完成了基于聚乙烯醇(PVA)为抑制剂的无固相防塌钻井液室内研究。通过泥页岩滚动回收试验、膨润土临界加量试验、泥球浸泡试验以及电动电位测试等对比了常用抑制剂的抑制效果；通过配伍性试验确定了增黏剂及降失水剂的种类和加量；对比了不同种类的污染物对所获配方钻井液综合性能的影响。结果表明，相比于NaCl、KCl等常规无机盐抑制剂，聚乙烯醇具有较强的抑制性，且抑制性与聚合度呈正相关；黄原胶(XC)、磺化褐煤树脂(SPNH)、磺化沥青(FT-1)可用作配制该钻井液的增黏提切剂和降失水剂；该配方钻井液可抗35% NaCl、4% CaCl2以及12%钙土的污染，能满足110℃温度范围内的使用要求，可在3 000 m深度范围内的强造浆地层、破碎地层、盐膏层等复杂地层中使用。   相似文献   

8.
Drilling operations in polar regions and mountainous areas are complicated by nature of the extreme environment. Yet conventional rotary drilling technologies can be used to drill ice for scientific samples and other research. Due to such reasons as power consumption and weight complications,it is hard to apply a conventional rotary drilling rig for glacial exploration. Use of small,relatively lightweight,portable engine-powered drilling systems in which the drill lifting from the borehole is carried by the winch. It is reasonable enough for near-surface shallow ice-drilling down to 50 m. Such systems can be used for near-surface ablation-stakes installation,also temperature measurements at the bottom of active strata layer,revealing of anthropogenic pollution,etc. The specified used in this research is an auger ice drill powered by a gasoline engine. At this stage,it is crucial to choose effective drilling parameters such as weight on bit( WOB) and drill bit rotation rate. Sensors equipped on the rig have measured the main parameters of the drilling process,such as drill speed,WOB,drill rotation speed,torque and temperature. This paper addresses research on drilling parameters of engine powered auger ice drill and supplies some recommendations for optimization of any ice-core drilling process.  相似文献   

9.
Air down-the-hole(DTH)hammer drilling has long been recognized to have the potential of drilling faster than conventional rotary drill,especially in some hard rocks such as granite,sandstone,limestone,dolomite,etc.with the same weight on bit(WOB)and rotations per minute(RPM).So,it has been widely used in many drilling fields including mineral resource exploration drilling,oil and gas drilling and geothermal drilling.In order to reduce drilling cost by selecting optimal drilling parameters,rate of penetration(ROP)should be estimated accurately and the effects of different factors on ROP should be analyzed.In this research,ANN model with several multi-layer perception back propagation(BP)networks for predicting ROP of air DTH hammer drilling was developed using controllable parameters such as impact energy,impact frequency,WOB,RPM and bit operating time for the formations with a certain drillability index of rock.Several BP neural networks with the different neurons in hidden layers were developed and compared for selecting optimal architecture of ANN.The effects of the drilling parameters such as impact energy,impacting frequency,WOB,RPM and bit operating time on the ROP of air DTH hammer drilling were investigated by trained ANN.From the analyses,the optimum range of drilling parameters for providing high ROP were determined and analyzed for a formation with a certain drillability index of rock.The methodology proposed in this study can be used in many mathematical problems for optimization of drilling process with air DTH hammer.  相似文献   

10.
通过自主研发设计的非开挖随钻检测系统,采集非开挖钻进参数,进行非开挖钻进实时地层岩性识别,为非开挖施工提供安全信息保证。针对非开挖工程工勘资料缺乏,掘进地层岩性难以判断的问题,提出了一种基于非开挖随钻检测系统实时采集数据,利用随机森林算法建立地层识别模型,通过模型去识别未知地层,并将识别结果可视化展示。通过非开挖随钻检测系统在工程现场的实际应用,获得了包括钻速、扭矩、转速、拉力、泵压、泵量等钻进敏感参数作为训练样本,利用随机森林算法对采集的钻进参数进行训练,构造决策树与随机森林,对钻进参数进行分类,建立了以典型非开挖地层岩性分类为目标的分类模型,分别确定了杂填土、黏土、粉细砂、砾石和淤泥的地层分类标签。进一步,基于机器学习的分类结果,利用PCA主成分分析将地层识别特征降维至三维,实现了地层岩性识别结果的三维展示。将预测模型应用于实际工程,以验证其有效性。结果表明,该方法能在非开挖实时钻进条件下快速识别钻进地层,识别正确率高达92%。该研究成果通过采集导向随钻参数,识别非开挖掘进段地层岩性,为非开挖扩孔阶段钻具选型、泥浆设计等提供了重要信息。   相似文献   

11.
Marine risers play a key role in the deep and ultra-deep water oil and gas production. The vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of marine risers constitutes an important problem in deep water oil exploration and production. VIV will result in high rates of structural failure of marine riser due to fatigue damage accumulation and diminishes the riser fatigue life. In-service monitoring or full scale testing is essential to improve our understanding of VIV response and enhance our ability to predict fatigue damage. One marine riser fatigue acoustic telemetry scheme is proposed and an engineering prototype machine has been developed to monitor deep and ultra-deep water risers’ fatigue and failure that can diminish the riser fatigue life and lead to economic losses and eco-catastrophe. Many breakthroughs and innovation have been achieved in the process of developing an engineering prototype machine. Sea trials were done on the 6th generation deep-water drilling platform HYSY-981 in the South China Sea. The inclination monitoring results show that the marine riser fatigue acoustic telemetry scheme is feasible and reliable and the engineering prototype machine meets the design criterion and can match the requirements of deep and ultra-deep water riser fatigue monitoring. The rich experience and field data gained in the sea trial which provide much technical support for optimization in the engineering prototype machine in the future.  相似文献   

12.
In the discipline of geotechnical engineering, fiber optic sensor based distributed monitoring has played an increasingly important role over the past few decades. Compared with conventional sensors, fiber optic sensors have a variety of exclusive advantages, such as smaller size, higher precision, and better corrosion resistance. These innovative monitoring technologies have been successfully applied for performance monitoring of geo-structures and early warning of potential geo- hazards around the world. In order to investigate their ability to monitor slope stability problems, a medium-sized model of soil nailed slope has been constructed in laboratory. The fully distributed Brillouin optical time-domain analysis （BOTDA） sensing technology was employed to measure the horizontal strain distributions inside the model slope. During model construction, a specially designed strain sensing fiber was buried in the soil mass. Afterward, the surcharge loading was applied on the slope crest in stages using hydraulic jacks and a reaction frame. During testing, an NBX-6o5o BOTDA sensing interrogator was used to collect the fiber optic sensing data. The test results have been analyzed in detail, which shows that the fiber optic sensors can capture the progressive deformation and failure pattern of the model slope. The limit equilibrium analyses were also conducted to obtain the factors ofsafety of the slope under different surface loadings. It is found that the characteristic maximum strains can reflect the stability of the model slope and an empirical relationship was obtained, This study verified the effectiveness of the distributed BOTDA sensing technology in performance monitoring of slope.  相似文献   

13.
用静水式试验方法评价和比较了两种钻井泥浆的水可溶部份对斑节对虾仔虾、罗氏沼虾仔虾、虾虎鱼和剑尾鱼等4种水生动物的急性毒性。结果表明：泥浆水溶性成分对班节对虾仔虾、罗氏沼虾仔虾、虾虎鱼和剑尾鱼的半数致死浓度均明显大于10000mg／L（1％）,但斑节对虾仔虾对泥浆水可溶性成份的敏感性高于其余3种动物,适于钻井泥浆毒性试验。可以认为在试验条件下两种泥浆是无急性毒性的物质,但由于泥浆组成的复杂性,综合评价泥浆对水环境的影响时,需探讨其对底栖生物的影响。  相似文献   

14.
In this study, we applied a two-phase flow model to simulate water and sand blowout processes when penetrating shallow water flow(SWF) formations during deepwater drilling. We define ‘sand' as a pseudo-component with high density and viscosity, which can begin to flow with water when a critical pressure difference is attained. We calculated the water and sand blowout rates and analyzed the influencing factors from them, including overpressure of the SWF formation, as well as its zone size, porosity and permeability, and drilling speed(penetration rate). The obtained data can be used for the quantitative assessment of the potential severity of SWF hazards. The results indicate that overpressure of the SWF formation and its zone size have significant effects on SWF blowout. A 10% increase in the SWF formation overpressure can result in a more than 90% increase in the cumulative water blowout and a 150% increase in the sand blowout when a typical SWF sediment is drilled. Along with the conventional methods of well flow and pressure control, chemical plugging, and the application of multi-layer casing, water and sand blowouts can be effectively reduced by increasing the penetration rate. As such, increasing the penetration rate can be a useful measure for controlling SWF hazards during deepwater drilling.  相似文献   

15.
 海岸工程对海岸带经济发展和生态环境影响很大。随着海岸工程建设迅猛的发展,采用遥感的方法对海岸工程变化进行遥感监测显得尤为重要。本文以北京一号小卫星(BJ-1)资料为数据源,利用多种变化监测的方法对天津港和曹妃甸港区2006年和2010年的海岸工程变化进行监测。结果显示,波段替换法与SVM分类相结合的方法在2个重点研究区域精度最高,其总体精度和Kappa系数分别为92.35%和0.7902;面向对象的方法精度和稳定性其次,其总体精度和Kappa系数分别为91.77%和0.7732。  相似文献   

16.
铁碳微电解-Fenton氧化处理海上废弃钻井液液相实验   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
为处理海上油田废弃钻井液,以我国海上油田广泛使用的有机正电胶钻井液为例,研究采用铁碳微电解-Fenton氧化处理工艺可行性.结果表明,废弃有机正电胶钻井液及其固液分离后的废水COD超过废水排放标准.优化铁碳微电解-Fenton氧化的适宜条件:微电解时间不低于3h;双氧水质量分数为0.5%,氧化时间为2h.铁碳微电解-Fenton氧化处理工艺对废弃钻井液废液COD有较明显的处理效果,但一轮次处理无法达到排放标准.铁碳微电解-Fenton氧化—次氯酸钠深度氧化以及多轮次铁碳微电解-Fenton氧化处理可以使固液分离后的废弃钻井液达到工业污水排放二级标准.  相似文献   

17.
针对非开挖工程工勘资料缺乏,掘进地层岩性难以判别的问题,提出一种基于非开挖泥浆性能检测与弱监督机器学习结合的典型非开挖地层岩性识别方法。结合自主设计研发的非开挖泥浆性能检测系统工程现场应用,获取非开挖掘进导向段泥浆流变性能参数和密度等敏感参数的训练样本。利用部分有标签数据与K近邻（K Nearest Neighbors,KNN）算法对所有泥浆参数训练样本进行特征标签,采用核函数映射到高维空间支持向量机（Support Vector Machines,SVM）进行分类处理,建立了以上海地区典型非开挖地层分类为目标的分类模型。将该地层识别模型应用于上海地区非开挖工程,验证其有效性。结果表明,该方法能在非开挖实时钻进条件下快速识别钻进地层,识别正确率高达96%。研究成果通过采集导向段泥浆性能参数,识别非开挖掘进段地层岩性,为非开挖扩孔阶段钻具选型、泥浆设计等提供了重要地质信息保障。   相似文献   

18.
Deepwater sediments are prone to loss circulation in drilling due to a low overburden gradient. How to predict the magnitude of leak-off pressure more accurately is an important issue in the protection of drilling safety and the reduction of drilling cost in deep water. Starting from the mechanical properties of a shallow formation and based on the basic theory of rock-soil mechanics, the stress distribution around a borehole was analyzed. It was found that the rock or soil on a borehole is in the plastic yield state before the effective tensile stress is generated, and the effective tangential and vertical stresses increase as the drilling fluid density increases; thus, tensile failure will not occur on the borehole wall. Based on the results of stress calculation, two mechanisms and leak-off pressure prediction models for shallow sediments in deepwater drilling were put forward, and the calculated values of these models were compared with the measured value of shallow leak-off pressure in actual drilling. The results show that the MHPS (minimum horizontal principle stress) model and the FIF (fracturing in formation) model can predict the lower and upper limits of leak-off pressure. The PLC (permeable lost circulation) model can comprehensively analyze the factors influencing permeable leakage and provide a theoretical basis for leak-off prevention and plugging in deepwater drilling.  相似文献   

19.
岩土工程现场及室内参数测试数据是工程施工、设计、评价的基础。异常数据的存在往往会误导施工、设计等参数的确定, 数据异常检测是确保工程安全可靠的最基本但极为重要的工作。针对传统异常检测算法没有模型选择这一过程而导致检测的盲目性, 提出了基于元学习的异常检测算法(meta-learning outlier detection, MetaOD)和数据挖掘算法相结合的异常检测模型体系。该体系首先根据数据的特点选择适合不同数据类型的初始模型类型及其参数, 并对选择出的同类型算法的参数进行求均值处理; 然后再采用遴选出的算法进行数据异常诊断, 进而提高异常检测的准确性。为了评估模型的有效性, 采用加州大学欧文分校提出的机器学习检验数据集(glass数据集)进行检验分析。结果显示, 采用该模型体系进行异常检测时查准率达到96.41%, 远高于其他检测算法。最后, 应用该模型体系对澳门花岗岩单轴抗压强度数据集和均昌隧道的地下水位监测数据进行了异常检测分析, 并分别识别出9个和10个异常点。   相似文献   

20.
利用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积（MICP）技术来提高油气井固井二界面胶结质量近年来受到了越来越多的重视。当前,针对3 000 m以浅油气井已实现了含成矿微生物的固井水泥浆技术。为了使固井水泥浆滤液中的成矿微生物在二界面处高效发挥MICP作用以提高二界面胶结质量,还需在钻井过程中利用钻井液携带CaCl2的渗透向井周地层中预先注入一定量的钙源。因此,有必要研究含CaCl2钻井液在井周地层的渗透规律,从而合理控制CaCl2的注入量和钻井成本。基于此,以当前常用的环保水基聚合物钻井液为基本载体,综合考虑钻井液渗透时在井壁处泥饼动态形成机理、井周地层物性参数变化规律以及含CaCl2水基聚合物钻井液流变性等因素,利用理论计算与模拟实验相结合的方法,建立了含CaCl2水基聚合物钻井液滤液沿井周地层渗透量及渗透距离的定量预测模型。该预测模型的计算结果与模拟实验测试结果吻合程度较高,证实该预测模型具有较好的可靠性,有助于为钻井生产企业合理优化钻井液和固井水泥浆施工工艺提供理论支持。   相似文献   

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