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1.
In this paper,the stability of three classes of steady basic states in the two-dimensionalcompressible adiabatic and non-dissipation atmosphere is discussed,and the following property isexactly demonstrated that the stability of these basic states is decided by their engine matrix A intwo ways:(a)the basic states are stable if A is positively definite in set,and(b)the basic statesare unstable if A is negatively definite in set.  相似文献   

2.
云南暴雨涡散场动能转换函数的动态分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对1996年云南主汛期（6－8月）逐日散度风动能和旋转风动能之间的转换函数C（KD,KR）特征进行深入研究,同时分析了C（KD,KR）各项Af、Az、B、C在动能转换函数中所起的作用。研究结果表明,对流层内C（KD,KR）＞0,同时对流层低层的C（K,KR）＞中高层的C（KD,KR）之和．极易出现暴雨过程;Af项在整个动能转换中起主要作用,71％的Af与C（KD,KR）具有相同的符号,Az项和B项在动能转换中起振荡作用,Az＋B控制着29％的动能转换方向。  相似文献   

3.
本文归纳总结了在绝热、无耗散对称二维大气中定常广义地转流稳定性分析中的扰动方程组的基本特征，并将其概括为具有这类问题共同基本特征的统一形式的扰动方程组的定解问题。在此基础上，统一地证明了：１）由统一的扰动方程组所确定的定解问题的解是存在唯一的；２）基态的性质是由Λｍｉｎ（Ｇ）的性质决定的：ａ．当Λｍｉｎ（Ｇ）＞０时，基态是稳定的；ｂ．当Λｍｉｎ（Ｇ）＜０时，基态是不稳定的。３）基态的全局稳定性质可以通过局部稳定性分析来确定；４）合理的、充分简化的局部稳定性分析结论在局部分析中是严格有效的  相似文献   

4.
A new empirical assessment of the functions A and B of Rossby-number similarity theory is made based on the Wangara data. Variations of these functions with stability, baroclinicity and time of day are discussed. It is found that B is dependent on stability in agreement with older data but contradicting the prediction of Csanady (1972). Coefficients expressing the variation of A and B with the two components of baroclinicity have been derived from the data, and these are claimed to be correct in regard to sign and approximately in regard to magnitude. Longer period time changes, represented by the diurnal cycle, are shown to result in systematic differences in A and B between the case of increasing stability and that of decreasing stability, for the same value of the stability parameter.The first attempt, to our knowledge, to present the actual functional form of the wind departure components (based on field data) is made. As the surface layer is approached in near-neutral conditions, the departure component in the direction of the surface wind assumes the expected logarithmic form.  相似文献   

5.
2003年淮河流域大水期间体积降水量的研究   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  
姚学祥  徐晶 《气象学报》2004,62(6):803-813
针对 2 0 0 3年梅雨期淮河流域大水提出了体积降水量的概念及其计算方法 ,在计算出淮河流域和其各子流域逐日和总体积降水量的基础上 ,将体积降水量与水文站的水位和流量进行了对比分析。结果表明 :水位对累计体积降水量有较好的即时响应 ,流量对体积降水量有较好的延迟响应。另外 ,讨论了流域体积降水量的预报问题 ,用国内外数值天气预报产品和中央气象台指导预报产品 ,进行了流域体积降水量预报试验 ,并对预报结果进行了检验分析。结果表明 :在目前天气预报水平条件下 ,利用数值天气预报和中央气象台业务预报产品制作体积降水量是可行的 ,能够延长洪水预报的预见期 ;而且 ,数值天气预报产品在预报体积降水量方面有明显的优势 ,因此可以直接利用数值天气预报产品进行体积降水量的客观预报 ,为防汛工作提供重要的依据。  相似文献   

6.
王沛霖 《气象学报》1985,43(3):265-275
本文在Haltiner气柱模式的基础上,研究出包含阻尼积云发展的挟卷过程和水分负载的便于业务预报使用的稳定度指数。 用长沙7年7月份的资料对稳定度指数进行检验,结果表明指数能很好地反映区域雷雨发生的规律性,分辨雷雨发生与否的能力比常用的Showalter指数高,值得业务预报使用。  相似文献   

7.
车贝雪夫系数与我国温度、降水关系的初步探讨   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  
陈玉琼  王才芳 《气象学报》1980,38(3):227-233
本文用车贝雪夫多项式分解了15—65°N、75—155°E范围内,1954—1975年逐候500毫巴等压面位势场。求出车贝雪夫的一些主要系数,讨论了这些系数的物理意义及其与我国温度、降水的关系。主要结果有: 1.表示大气经、纬向环流的车贝雪夫系数A_(10)、A_(01)与我国温度等级十年滑动平均和各地月平均温度存在相关关系。此关系的存在为温度趋势预报提供了可能性。 2.表示平均高度的A_(00)系数冬季12月的值和A_(10)系数冬季1月的值,两者组合成的复相关表为长江中、下游汛期(5—8月)降水趋势预报提供了可能性。用复相关表的结果,有三年做过长江中、下游汛期降水趋势预报,其结果与实况基本一致。  相似文献   

8.
An expression is derived for the height of the stationary boundary layer during stable lapse rate conditions. It satisfies the conventional limits for neutral conditions and for large values of stability. Comparison with acoustic sounder observations near the meteorological mast at Cabauw (the Netherlands) shows that the steady-state height is not attained for large stability values. The observations are also used to investigate how the similarity functions A and B in the resistance laws depend on the stability parameters 0 = u */f L and = h/L. The function B shows a clear trend as a function of stability, which can be described in terms of . The dependence of A is masked by scatter in the data points. The general conclusion leads to the concept of a non-steady boundary layer during stable lapse rate conditions.  相似文献   

9.
计算了１９９１年７月４－９日的梅雨锋强度降水过程的热源Ｑ１和水汽汇Ｑ２，结果表明，存在着两类云系即对流云和层状云对Ｑ１和Ｑ２的结构产生影响。对流加热发生在强降水区上空，而层状云加热发生在对流区周围的弱降水区上空，在对流加热区，大量的潜热释放形成最的热源和水汽汇，热源峰值出现在上部对流层，水汽汇峰值出现在下部对流层，在层状云区，通常０℃层以上为热源和水汽汇，０℃层以下的热汇和水汽源，层状云引起的Ｑ１  相似文献   

10.
This paper examines the practical importance of stability, baroclinicity, and acceleration in the bulk ABL similarity formulations, in light of the random errors inherent in field measurements. This is done by propagating the measurement uncertainties through a theoretical model for the bulk ABL similarity functionsA 0 andB 0, under a range of assumed (but always unstable) conditions. It is shown that random measurement errors and acceleration effects may overwhelm most effects of baroclinicity and stability, once conditions are at least slightly unstable. Because of this, it is hard to discern a clear functional dependence ofA 0 andB 0 on degree of instability. Thus, for a given value ofh i/z0, whereh i is the inversion height andz 0 is the surface roughness, the geostrophic drag coefficient, which depends onA 0 andB 0, and weakly onh i/z0, may also be taken to be nearly independent of degree of instability.  相似文献   

11.
台风的螺旋结构   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14  
刘式适  杨大升 《气象学报》1980,38(3):193-204
本文从描写台风运动的动力方程组出发,讨论了台风的螺旋结构,给出了这种螺旋结构的图样,指出:(1)台风螺旋结构的形成是台风中重力惯性内波,特别是重力内波的作用所致,(2)台风螺旋结构的形式与波位相速紧密相关,北半球的曳式螺旋结构要求螺旋图样环绕台风眼逆时针且由中心向外运动,其向外运动的速度近于重力内波的传播速度,(3)台风的曳式螺旋倾角一般小于45°,而在台风边缘,倾角约为10°,螺旋臂间距在二旋臂结构中平均为220公里,而在四旋臂结构中平均为110公里,(4)台风螺旋波也有频散作用,在曳式螺旋中c_(gr)与c_r皆为正,且c_(gr)相似文献   

12.
If a spot of tracer is released into a turbulent flow, the peak concentration at some subsequent time will initially be much greater than that implied by a solution for the ensemble average concentration at fixed points. For two-dimensional turbulence three areas may be defined: (1) an area Ad related to the ensemble average concentration field; (2) an area Ap defined in terms of the relative dispersion of particles seeded into the patch after a short initial diffusion time; and (3) the area At occupied by tracer. It is argued that Ad grows linearly with time, whereas Ap and At grow exponentially; Ap faster than At. Thus, the concentration field is significantly streaky, even within the particle domain, until At becomes comparable with Ad. The time taken for this to occur is estimated; after this time, fluctuations about the ensemble average concentration field should not be greater than those given by a simple mixing length argument. In three-dimensional turbulence the volume Vt of the tracer domain grows much more rapidly than the volume Vp of the particle domain if the merging of streaks is ignored. However, Vt cannot be greater than Vp so streaks must merge and Vp can be used to provide a rough estimate of peak concentration, or concentration variance.  相似文献   

13.
林乃实  孙立潭 《气象学报》1997,55(3):306-317
本文应用Ｈｏｗａｒｄ（１９６１）所用的精巧积分方法研究了三维非静力平衡层结大气随高度变化基流上重力内波的不稳定性质。给出了不稳定产生的必要条件和相速度在相速复平面上的分布规律；发展了Ｍｉｌｅｓ定理和Ｈｏｗａｒｄ半圆定理；得到了有限深度气层的半椭圆定理。并指出在随高度变化的基流中，重力内波的不稳定范围与基流的垂向结构及波传播方向有关；半椭圆的位置和长轴分别重合于Ｈｏｗａｒｄ半圆的位置和直径，而短轴则依赖于与Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓｏｎ数相关的参数Ｊ０，Ｒ０和波数｜ｋ｜及流场厚度参数ｋ０  相似文献   

14.
近百年四季西太平洋副热带高压的变化   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  
文中设计了一种根据网格点高度值拟合副热带高压强度、西界、北界 3种指数的方法。根据这个方法 ,利用重建的 1880～ 195 0年 5 0 0hPa月平均高度序列 ,计算了 195 1年之前 70a的副热带高压指数 ,与 195 1～ 1999年的实测指数合成一个 12 0a的序列 ,研究了西太平洋副热带高压的年际与年代际变率。  相似文献   

15.
本文根据Whitham和Lighthill等人的射线理论,研究了具有非均匀层结和流场切变的大气中惯性重力内波的传播和折射问题。定义了一个由背景场参数N2(静力稳定度)、ξa(惯性稳定度)和Ux(与斜压稳定性有关)的梯度组合而成的所谓“环境稳定度”矢量 ,它对重力波的折射有决定性的作用。结果表明:局地波导方向垂直于矢量 ;稳定度中心之间的过渡地带沿稳定度等值线方向为波能传播的有利通道。   相似文献   

16.
线性和非线性横波型不稳定的数值研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
张颖  张铭 《气象学报》1998,56(4):447-457
本文应用一个准二维的非线性非静力数值模式研究了线性和非线性横波型不稳定的中尺度模态的发展、演变和结构特征。结果表明：Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓｏｎ数对横波型不稳定的发展和演变有影响。Ｒｉ数越小,不稳定增长越快,且增长率最大的波的波长就越短。非线性横波型不稳定在其发展初期,可以用线性理论作很好的近似;随着不稳定的进一步发展,扰动增强,非线性作用增强,其扰动结构与线性情况相比发生了很大变化,扰动结构最后演变成以顺时针环流为主的结构。  相似文献   

17.
By using two-dimensional dynamical equations in x-z plane with Boussinesq approximation,the effects of the second-order vertical shear of the basic flow uzz and the horizontal gradient of temperature (M) on the gravity wave and the isolated gravity wave are discussed.The magnitudes of uzz and M corresponding to the linear and nonlinear stabilities of the gravity waves are worked out,respectively.The results show that amplitude and width of the isolate dgravity wave are closely related to uzz and M.It is indicated that the isolated gravity wave with a width of about 10 km can be motivated by the disturbance of sub-synoptic scale in the certain ranges of flow field shear and temperature gradient,while the motivated waves may be associated with the cold surge ahead of a cold front and the other mesoscale synoptic systems.  相似文献   

18.
Values of the net radiative heating(QRT)at the top of atmosphere(TOA) are derived from the satellite-observed outgoing long wave radiation(OLR)and the TOA short wave net irradiance (SHT) for the region of the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas(40°S-40°N,0-180°E)and the period of months from January 1979 to December 1988.The anomalous QRT(QRTA)in relation to the interannual variability of Asian monsoon is discussed.QRTA for the earth-atmosphere system in the domain may be linked to the thermal contrasts between continents and oceans and between the plateau and surrounding free atmosphere.  相似文献   

19.
尹宏  甄长忠 《气象学报》1965,37(4):519-527
计算大气中的长波辐射时,吸收气体的光学厚度要作气压订正,一般取气压订正后的光学厚度u′=(p/p_0)~K,对于O_3的9.6μ带,理论分析和实验都表明K是u和p的函数,气压订正可取 u′=(p/p_0)~(K(u,p))=uf(u,p). 我们以Walshaw的实验为基础,求出f(u,p)的囹形,并求出辐射通量及辐射通量散度的计算表。 当u很小时,弱线近似成立。漫射辐射的吸收率A_f=1-exp(-2su/d),K→0。在u→0时,dA_f/du=s2/d为一常量。  相似文献   

20.
苏从先 《气象学报》1963,33(4):435-448
本文第一部分运用相似理論和因次分析对层結大气近地面层中湍流交換的問題作了分析,获得了与作者过去根据湍流能量平衡方程所得到的結果一致.第二部分根据新近国外发表的直接測量资料确定了普遍函数中的經驗系数D的大小;还确立了强迫对流向自由对流状态的过渡,与Priestley所指出的不同,它具有极平緩的性貭,計算結果与观測事实符合.在稳定情况下則沒有类似过渡发生.第三部分根据因次分析构成了特征尺度L_(R_i),并建立了以L_(R_i)为特征尺度的湍流交換的模式.討論結果表明,采用这一模式比前一模式合理一些,而且实用上更为方便。  相似文献   

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