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1.
叙永式埃洛石矿中矿物演化的研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
周国平 《矿物学报》1990,10(1):46-51,T004
川、黔、滇交界处的埃洛石矿俗称“叙永石”,产于上二叠乐平统龙潭页岩和下二叠阳新统茅口灰岩的卡斯特侵蚀面间。成矿母岩为上二叠乐平统含黄铁矿的高岭石粘土岩。母岩在风化淋滤期间经历以下变化:(1)黄铁矿氧化成针铁矿;(2)高岭石从有序向无序转化,最终转变成埃洛石;(3)锐钛矿作为稳定相残留富集于剖面上部。形成的矿物组合以10埃洛石为主,包括伊利石、伊利石/蒙脱石混层矿物、三水铝石、三羟铝石、石膏、水铝英石和石英。  相似文献   

2.
以山东棕壤剖面和广东红壤剖面为研究对象,通过X射线衍射(XRD)和基于Rietveld技术的全谱拟合定量分析土壤中的矿物组成、在剖面上的含量变化并研究粘土矿物之间的相互转化关系,揭示气候对土壤成壤机制的约束。结果表明,2个剖面中的矿物组成不同:山东棕壤中非粘土矿物有长石、石英、方解石及少量的铁铝氧化物和闪石类矿物,粘土矿物有伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石和蒙脱石,且粘土矿物含量伊利石>绿泥石≈蒙脱石>高岭石;广东红壤的矿物组成为石英、赤铁矿、针铁矿、三水铝石、高岭石、伊利石和蛭石,其中高岭石>伊利石>蛭石。此外,两地的土壤中均含有少量的非晶质物质。山东气候干冷,以物理风化为主,化学风化较弱,原生闪石类原生硅酸盐矿物和易被溶蚀的方解石等仍有存留;广东气候湿热,化学风化强烈,存在明显的脱硅富铝作用,铁铝氧化物富集。3)利用定量结果计算的化学风化指数与矿物的变化是一致的。  相似文献   

3.
对新墨西哥州格兰茨矿带中的含矿岩石和无矿岩石的粘土矿物进行了对比研究,结果表明,绿泥石(玫瑰花状)、伊利石、混合层状伊利石-蒙脱石、(±Mg蒙脱石)组合与板状矿体中的铀矿物是准同生的;这些粘土矿物以及高岭石与格兰茨矿带中靠近主要氧化还原前锋的卷型矿体关系密切。无矿岩石中的粘土矿物特征是含有较丰富的钠蒙脱石、高岭石和面-棱状(face-to edge)绿泥石。矿带中的绿泥石所含的钒要比无矿岩石中的多得多。板状矿  相似文献   

4.
苏州高岭土矿主要由高岭石、7埃洛石、10埃洛石及少量绢云母、蒙脱石、明矾石、三水铝石组成。高岭土矿物形成后因外界地化条件改变发生了以下转变:(1)埃洛石脱水向高岭石转化;(2)次生淋滤埃洛石形成;(3)埃洛石和三水铝石之间的互相转化;(4)Ca型蒙脱石形成;(5)高岭土的磷酸盐化作用;(6)次生淋滤明矾石的形成。矿物生成的先后顺序和共生关系可将矿物形成分为主要成矿期和成矿期后演化两个阶段。矿物的后期演化使优质高岭土进一步富集,改造,形成量大质优的高岭土矿。同时,非高岭土矿物的生成又使部分矿石质量变差,降低了矿石的工业价值。  相似文献   

5.
贵州碳酸盐岩红土中的粘土矿物及其形成机理   总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13  
朱立军  傅平秋 《矿物学报》1996,16(3):290-297,T001
本文运用X射线衍射、红外光谱、差热、透射电镜和扫描电镜等方法对贵州碳酸盐岩红土中的粘土矿物进行了系统研究。高岭石和0.7nm埃洛石是碳酸盐岩红土中的主要粘土矿物,其次为伊利石、蛭石、绿泥石、绿泥石/蛭石混层矿物,水铝英石和三水铝石等。  相似文献   

6.
为研究长江中下游红土剖面中粘土矿物的特征及其成因意义, 对安徽宣城红土剖面中粘土矿物进行深入、系统的X射线衍射分析.结果表明, 宣城剖面各土壤层中粘土矿物成分基本一致, 主要为蛭石、伊利石、高岭石, 以及粘土矿物过渡相. 由采自剖面上部样品的X射线衍射图可知, 经乙二醇饱和后7 ?衍射峰可分解为7.15、7.60和7.92 ?三部分, 表明除了高岭石(7.15 ?)外, 还存在高岭晶层含量分别为~80%和~95%的2种高岭-蒙脱石过渡相, 并以前者为主; 剖面下部样品在乙二醇饱和后, 7 ?衍射峰可分解为7.16、7.79和8.35 ?等3个衍射峰, 其中8.35 ?峰衍射强度很小, 表明除了高岭石外, 样品中存在高岭晶层含量为~90%和~43%的高岭-蒙脱石过渡相, 后者含量甚少.甲酰胺饱和结果表明, 高岭-蒙脱石混层粘土矿物相中高岭晶层为埃洛石相.加热试验的衍射图中10 ?衍射峰强度明显增强, 证实高岭相中含有一定数量的来源于绿泥石风化的蒙脱石间层; 而10 ?衍射峰的低角度一侧没有出现拖尾现象, 则指示高岭-蒙脱石混层矿物中的蒙脱石不是简单的羟基间层蒙脱石.此外, 红土剖面中还普遍出现过渡性粘土矿物伊利石-蒙脱石混层和伊利石-蛭石混层粘土矿物.大量过渡性粘土矿物相的出现, 从成土作用的角度上说明红土沉积物经历了沉积-风化、以及多期风化作用叠加, 而且在沉积-风化成土过程中, 气候环境变化于强烈化学风化的温暖、季节性干旱和强烈风化淋滤的温暖而更加潮湿的条件.蛭石-伊利石混层粘土矿物仅发育于红土剖面上部, 表明总体上剖面上部的化学风化程度低于剖面下部.   相似文献   

7.
针对赣南风化淋积型稀土矿中稀土元素的分异现象,通过研究该稀土矿的主要矿物成分——高岭石和埃洛石-7的矿物特征及其在不同条件下的吸附特征,探讨了该类型稀土矿的成矿机制和稀土元素分异机理。高岭石和埃洛石-7吸附稀土元素的能力受体系p H值以及金属阳离子钾、钠的的影响,且埃洛石-7吸附稀土元素的能力高于高岭石。横向对比实验结果表明当体系中赋存有K+时,两种粘土矿物对稀土元素的吸附呈现出分化趋势,其中高岭石主要吸附中-重稀土元素,埃洛石-7反之,因此风化淋积型稀土矿风化过程中释放出的K+可能会使高岭石和埃洛石-7呈现出差异吸附特征,进而反过来影响稀土矿中稀土元素的配分。  相似文献   

8.
经过对栾家河断裂北段表土矿物成分鉴定和化学分析,该研究区的表土来自经受过低温(<150℃)中至弱碱性热液作用的岩石,主要由斜长石、钾长石、白云母、石英、风化成因的高岭石和热液叠加而成的蒙脱石等矿物混合而成.根据表土矿物蚀变特征与已知矿化带顶部表土特征的对比,工作区内高岭石矿物主要为风化成因,而蒙脱石系热液作用而成.从蚀变粘土矿物特征推断,其深部存在热液金矿化.  相似文献   

9.
五香坡粘土是由石英钠长斑岩风化而成的一种粘土。该粘土主要由高岭石、蒙脱石和伊利石组成,而且伴生了少量的混合层粘土矿物。混合层粘土矿物通过用乙二醇处理与加热至520℃(1.5h)后的X射线衍射鉴定,它们是伊利石-蒙脱石规则混合层矿物和伊利石/蒙脱石不规则混合层矿物。在粘土中发现了混合层粘土矿物,这为伊利石和蒙脱石之间的转变提供了依据。  相似文献   

10.
福建郭山高岭土矿床中高岭矿物的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文运用X射线衍射、红外吸收光谱、分析电子显微术和化学分析等多种方法对福建郭山高岭土矿床中的高岭矿物(高岭石和埃洛石)的矿物学性质、分布及矿物形成的阶段性变化进行了系统研究。结果表明,根据高岭石和埃洛石相对含量的多少,花岗岩风化剖面全风化带划分的4个矿物段可以反映这两种矿物的分布特点。埃洛石为具有管状和多面体球状的7?型以及10?—7?、7?-高岭石过渡型。高岭石晶体形态和结晶有序度在风化剖面垂直方向上的规律性变化与高岭石的形成经历了初始结晶——强烈高岭土化——风化作用后期的阶段性变化有关。  相似文献   

11.
二长花岗岩风化壳自下而上划分为原生带、微风化带、弱风化带和强风化带。风化壳中粘土矿物主要为埃洛石,其次为高岭石及少量伊利石。微风化带下部以高岭石为主,往上埃洛石逐渐占优势,并于弱风化带中、上部和强风化带中局部富集,这与当时地下水活动状态有关。高岭石结晶程度随风化程度的增强而提高。在弱酸性介质条件下及水分丰富、溶出条件强烈时,从长石解理面上和长石的“溶蚀”空隙中可以直接形成高岭石或埃洛石,而过渡阶段的伊利石很不发育或不存在。  相似文献   

12.
高玲  闫峻  李全忠  谢建成 《地质论评》2022,68(5):1820-1838
皖南地区花岗岩风化壳中稀土元素普遍富集,局部已成为矿床,其中,郎溪县姚村岩体风化壳富集程度较高。LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb定年表明,姚村花岗岩体的形成年龄为127. 9±1. 4 Ma,属于皖南地区燕山期晚期岩浆作用的产物。风化壳可细分为残坡积层(A)、强半风化层(C1)、过渡层(C2)、弱半风化层(C3)和基岩(D) 5层。稀土总量在纵向剖面上呈“波浪式”分布,各层稀土分布型式表现出对原岩的继承性。风化壳稀土配分型式与基岩一致, 富集LREE,轻重稀土分馏明显\[(La/Yb)N=15. 6\],但总含量明显更高。基岩∑REE为338×10-6,半风化层∑REE最高达642×10-6,富集约两倍。风化壳物质由风化残余主矿物(石英、钾长石、斜长石、黑云母)、黏土矿物(高岭石、埃洛石、伊利石、三水铝石等)和副矿物(锆石、磷灰石、榍石等)等组成。黏土矿物以伊利石含量最高,指示风化壳发育不成熟。REE与埃洛石含量明显正相关,与其他黏土矿物关系不明显。(含)稀土矿物(尤其是榍石)对风化壳中稀土元素的贡献量超过 50%,其次为斜长石,是风化壳中REE的重要来源。  相似文献   

13.
高玲  闫峻  李全忠  谢建成 《地质论评》2022,68(3):2022062013-2022062013
皖南地区花岗岩风化壳中稀土元素普遍富集,局部已成为矿床,其中,郎溪县姚村岩体风化壳富集程度较高。LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb定年表明,姚村花岗岩体的形成年龄为127.9±1.4 Ma,属于皖南地区燕山期晚期岩浆作用的产物。风化壳可细分为残坡积层(A)、强半风化层(C1)、过渡层(C2)、弱风化层(C3)和基岩(D)五层。稀土总量在纵向剖面上呈“波浪式”分布,各层稀土分布型式表现出对原岩的继承性。风化壳稀土配分型式与基岩一致, 富集LREE,轻重稀土分馏明显(La/Yb)N=15.6),但总含量明显更高。基岩∑REE为338×10-6,半风化层∑REE最高达642×10-6,富集约两倍。风化壳物质由风化残余主矿物(石英、钾长石、斜长石、黑云母)、黏土矿物(高岭石、埃洛石、伊利石、三水铝石等)和副矿物(锆石、磷灰石、榍石等)等组成。黏土矿物以伊利石含量最高,指示风化壳发育不成熟。REE与埃洛石含量明显正相关,与其他黏土矿物关系不明显。(含)稀土矿物(尤其是榍石)对风化壳中稀土元素的贡献量超过百分之五十,其次为斜长石,是风化壳中REE的重要来源。  相似文献   

14.
高岭石-多水高岭石演化系列的热谱特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
《地质科学》1984,(4):435-444
高岭石-多水高岭石演化系列共包括四种矿物:结晶良好的高岭石、结晶差的或b轴无序的高岭石、7Å多水高岭石和10Å多水高岭石。我们将结晶良好的高岭石和10Å多水高岭石分别视为这一演化系列的两个端元矿物,其余两种矿物则是演化系列的中间矿物。该系列中的矿物同属于1:1型含水的层状铝硅酸盐矿物,因而它们的化学成分基本相同,主要差别是在晶体结构上由于单位结构层沿c轴彼此堆叠的方式而引起从有序向无序变化,同时层间键力的减弱引起水分子进入,促使层间水的含量逐渐增大。基于以上特征,这一系列中的四种类型矿物受热以后的热效应很灵敏,详细研究它们在加热脱水过程中的变化规律,可以加深对矿物特性的认识和鉴别。  相似文献   

15.
Concentration of Fe-oxides and alumina in weathering processes are main geological reactions for lateritization and bauxitization, respectively. In western Japan, red-coloured soil formed by weathering processes developed in many places. This soil is composed of hydrous Fe-oxide minerals, hydrous alumina minerals and other minerals. It was formed in the upper part of deep weathering crust by weathering processes under some kind of sub-tropical climate, probably in the Pliocene. One of these occurrences is observed in the upper part of Goshikidai and Konodai, west part of Takamatsu city, northeast Shikoku Island, west Japan. A deep weathering crust is distributed on wide hilly plains ranging from 250 to 400 m a.m.s.l. in the northwestern region of Takamatsu city. Original rock of the weathering crust is bronzite andesite and glassy bronzite andesite, so-called ‘sanukite’. The andesites had been weathered under some special climate, and the geological age of the weathering is the same as above. The mineral assemblage and formation mechanism are similar to those of laterite and bauxite. The weathering crust developing in this region are subdivided into the three following zones: (1) A zone, composed of hydrous Fe-oxides and metahalloysite with small amounts of gibbsite and it is associated with white veins of metahalloysite; (2) B zone, composed of hydrous Fe-oxides and metahalloysite (some material is associated with -cristobalite); and C zone, composed of metahalloysite or halloysite and -cristobalite with relict crystals of feldspar and quartz, and some material is associated with montmorillonite. Chemical analyses of the materials of the three zones show the formation mechanisms of the weathering crust.  相似文献   

16.
Rare earth element (REE) geochemistry and mineralogy have been studied in the weathered crusts derived from the Early Yanshanian (Jurassic) biotite granites of Dabu and Dingnan, as well as in the Indosinian (Permian) muscovite–biotite granite of Aigao in southern Jiangxi province, China, and the weathered crusts and clay sediments on biotite granites in the Sanyo belt, SW Japan, that is, Okayama, Tanakami, and Naegi areas. In all of the weathered crusts, biotite and plagioclase commonly tend to decrease toward the upper part of the profile, whereas kaolinite and residual quartz and K‐feldspar increase. The weathered crusts of the Dingnan granites and some Naegi granites, which are characterized by the enrichment in light REE (LREE) in C horizons, have higher total REE (ΣREE) content than the parent REE‐enriched granites. Weathering of LREE‐bearing apatite and fluorocarbonates in the Dingnan granites and allanite and apatite in some Naegi granites may account for the leaching of LREE at the B horizons. The leached LREE must result in subsequent enrichment of LREE in the C horizons. The enrichment is probably associated with mainly adsorption onto kaolinite and partly formation of possible secondary LREE‐bearing minerals. In Japan it was found that REE mineralization occurs not in the weathered granitic crusts but in reworked clay sediments, especially kaolinite‐rich layers, derived mainly from the weathering materials of REE‐enriched granitic rocks. The clay sediments are more enriched in LREE, which likely adsorbed onto kaolinite. Concentration of heavy REE within almost all the weathered crusts and clay sediments, however, may reflect mainly residual REE‐bearing minerals such as zircon, which originated in the parent granitic rocks. The findings of the present study support the three processes for fractionation of the REE during weathering: (i) selective leaching of rocks containing both stable and unstable REE‐bearing minerals; (ii) adsorption onto clay minerals; and (iii) presence of possible secondary LREE‐bearing minerals.  相似文献   

17.
Many physico-chemical variables like rock-type, climate, topography and exposure age affect weathering environments. In the present study, an attempt is made to understand how the nature of clay minerals formed due to weathering differs in tropical regions receiving high and low rainfall. Clay mineralogy of weathering profiles in west coast of India, which receives about 3 m rainfall through two monsoons and those from the inland rain-shadow zones (<200 cm rainfall) are studied using X-ray diffraction technique. In the west coast, 1:1 clays (kaolinite) and Fe—Al oxides (gibbsite/goethite) are dominant clay minerals in the weathering profiles while 2:1 clay minerals are absent or found only in trace amounts. Weathering profiles in the rain shadow region have more complex clay mineralogy and are dominated by 2:1 clays and kaolinite. Fe—Al oxides are either less or absent in clay fraction. The kaolinite—smectite interstratified mineral in Banasandra profiles are formed due to transformation of smectites to kaolinite, which is indicative of a humid paleoclimate. In tropical regions receiving high rainfall the clay mineral assemblage remains the same irrespective of the parent rock type. Rainfall and availability of water apart from temperature, are the most important factors that determine kinetics of chemical weathering. Mineral alteration reactions proceed through different pathways in water rich and water poor environments.  相似文献   

18.
通过对我国南方许多风化型高岭土矿床研究查明,在表生条件下形成高岭石-多水高岭石矿物的基本因素是决定于风化母岩的岩性和水介质的物化性质。水介质的物化性质又明显地受到风化母岩的岩性类型和结构构造、动力裂隙的发育程度、围岩的稳定性和透水性、气候、地形地貌和植被等因素的综合性制约。  相似文献   

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