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1.
早中生代(晚印支-早燕山期)岳阳-赤壁断褶带位于江南造山带与中扬子前陆盆地交界地带.作者对该构造带进行了地表地质调查,以此为基础探讨了构造剖面结构及构造变形动力机制.岳阳-赤壁断褶带自南而北可分为岳阳-临湘基底滑脱-逆冲带,桃花泉-肖家湾盖层滑脱褶皱带,以及赤壁-嘉鱼前陆盆地断-褶-盆构造带.岳阳-临湘基底滑脱-逆冲带自南而北依次有郭镇向斜、官山背斜、临湘倒转向斜和聂市背斜,组成隔槽式褶皱组合.褶皱轴面多向南倾,褶皱变形面为南华系盖层与冷家溪群褶皱基底间的角度不整合面和顺界面的滑脱断裂面.桃花泉-肖家湾盖层滑脱褶皱带主要发育轴面南倾倒转褶皱,褶皱波长较小,卷入地层为南华系-志留系以及上石炭统-中三叠统沉积盖层.赤壁-嘉鱼前陆盆地断-褶-盆构造带以南倾蒲圻断裂(江南断裂)为南部边界,发育T3-J2前陆盆地沉积,带内褶皱与断裂卷入地层包括沉积盖层以及T3-J2地层:南部断裂与褶皱轴面南倾.北部轴面近直立.自南西至北东,研究区内构造线走向由EW向渐变为NEE-NE向.上述构造分带及变形特征反映出自南向北的运动指向,表明岳阳-赤壁断褶带具前陆冲断带构造性质.从断裂相关褶皱理论出发,以地表构造特征为依据,厘定了岳阳-赤壁地质剖面结构并进行了变形动力机制分析,认识如下:①自南而北、自下而上的多个滑脱层及其间的南倾逆断裂或断坡(主要为江南断裂)组成近似台阶状的逆冲断裂系统,从总体上控制了构造块体的滑移、逆冲以及相应的构造格架或变形分区.②郭镇向斜为基底滑脱褶皱,官山背斜具滑脱褶皱和断裂传播褶皱双重成因,聂市背斜为断裂转折褶皱;临湘向斜为受两侧背斜控制的被动向斜,由于弯滑褶皱作用在其两翼沿不整合界面形成滑脱断裂.③岳阳-临湘基底滑脱-逆冲带隔槽式褶皱的形成主要受控于褶皱基底的滑脱和基底整体的水平压缩,其形成机制类似于肿缩式褶皱.最后讨论认为湘东北-鄂东南地区不存在大规模、长距离的逆冲推覆构造. 相似文献
2.
乌鲁木齐山前坳陷逆断裂-褶皱带及其形成机制 总被引：66，自引：9，他引：57
乌鲁木齐山前坳陷位于天山新生代再生造山带北侧,南以准噶尔南缘断裂与天山相隔,内部发育了几排逆断裂 背斜带,每一排构造带又由多个逆断裂 背斜组成。最南的齐古逆断裂 背斜带形成于中生代末,其北的玛纳斯逆断裂背斜带包含霍尔果斯、玛纳斯和吐谷鲁逆断裂背斜,形成于上新世末、早更新世初,受上、下２ 个滑脱面和断坡的控制,形成上、下２ 个背斜。再向北的独山子逆断裂背斜带由独山子、哈拉安德和安集海逆断裂背斜组成,形成于早、中更新世之间,主逆断裂向下在８ ～９ ｋｍ 深处的侏罗系中变为近水平滑脱面。此外,在独山子和吐谷鲁背斜的西北和东北还分别发育有正在形成之中的西湖和呼图壁隆起。研究了这些逆断裂 背斜带的地表和深部的构造特征、二维和三维几何学及运动学后指出,它们是在天山向准噶尔盆地扩展过程中发育于近水平滑脱面和不同断坡上的断展褶皱,独山子和安集海逆断裂 背斜的水平缩短量分别为２ ９００ ,１ ３５０ ｍ ,缩短速率分别为３９７ ,１８７ ｍ ｍ／ ａ。霍尔果斯、玛纳斯、吐谷鲁逆断裂 背斜的水平缩短量分别为５ ９００ ,６ ５００ ,６ ０００ ｍ ,相应的缩短速率分别为２０２,２２３ ,２０６ ｍ ｍ／ａ,准噶尔南缘断裂和乌鲁木齐山前坳陷第四纪? 相似文献
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孟加拉湾若开褶皱带晚新生代构造特征初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
孟加拉湾若开褶皱带位于印度-缅甸山脉西部山前,由NNW—SSE向带状分布的多排背斜构成,其构造特征研究仍然十分薄弱。本文通过钻井资料和二维地震反射剖面精细构造解析,尝试分析若开褶皱带晚新生代构造特征,重点关注若开褶皱带的滑脱层发育特征及背斜几何学及运动学特征,结果表明若开褶皱带发育多个滑脱层:①底部滑脱层,位于约6.5s(双程走时)处;②中部滑脱层,层位存在变化,可能位于第四系底部或上中新统下方约2.5s处。在区域挤压作用下,若开褶皱带发育与底部滑脱层和中部滑脱层相关的滑脱褶皱,构造变形主要受控于底部滑脱层,而中部滑脱层影响了局部构造变形。生长地层记录显示若开褶皱带构造变形自东往西迁移,变形前缘形成于第四纪。基于构造分析结果提出了若开褶皱带褶皱变形的两种运动学端元模型:模型1中不发育中部滑脱层,滑脱褶皱发育于底部滑脱层之上;模型2中发育中部滑脱层,滑脱褶皱发育于中部滑脱层和底部滑脱层之上,形成上、下两套构造层。若开褶皱带背斜几何学和运动学特征受下伏滑脱层控制,背斜在走向上叠置、分叉可能暗示着背斜下伏滑脱层在走向上发生了改变。流体超压可能是影响若开褶皱带构造变形的重要控制因素。 相似文献
4.
Albrecht Steck Franco Della Torre Franz Keller Hans-Rudolf Pfeifer Johannes Hunziker Henri Masson 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2013,106(3):427-450
The Lepontine dome represents a unique region in the arc of the Central and Western Alps, where complex fold structures of upper amphibolite facies grade of the deepest stage of the orogenic belt are exposed in a tectonic half-window. The NW-verging Mont Blanc, Aar und Gotthard basement folds and the Lower Penninic gneiss nappes of the Central Alps were formed by ductile detachment of the upper European crust during its Late Eocene–Early Oligocene SE-directed underthrust below the upper Penninic and Austroalpine thrusts and the Adriatic plate. Four underthrust zones are distinguished in the NW-verging stack of Alpine fold nappes and thrusts: the Canavese, Piemont, Valais and Adula zones. Up to three schistosities S1–S3, folds F1–F3 and a stretching lineation XI with top-to-NW shear indicators were developed in the F1–F3 fold nappes. Spectacular F4 transverse folds, the SW-verging Verzasca, Maggia, Ziccher, Alpe Bosa and Wandfluhhorn anticlines and synclines overprint the Alpine nappe stack. Their formation under amphibolite facies grade was related to late ductile folding of the southern nappe roots during dextral displacement of the Adriatic indenter. The transverse folding F4 was followed since 30 Ma by the pull-apart exhumation and erosion of the Lepontine dome. This occurred coevally with the formation of the dextral ductile Simplon shear zone, the S-verging backfolding F5 and the formation of the southern steep belt. Exhumation continued after 18 Ma with movement on the brittle Rhone-Simplon detachment, accompanied by the N-, NW- and W-directed Helvetic and Dauphiné thrusts. The dextral shear is dated by the 29–25 Ma crustal-derived aplite and pegmatite intrusions in the southern steep belt. The cooling by uplift and erosion of the Tertiary migmatites of the Bellinzona region occurred between 22 and 18 Ma followed by the exhumation of the Toce dome on the brittle Rhone–Simplon fault since 18 Ma. 相似文献
5.
HOUMingjin TANGJiafu LIHuaikun WUYuedong 《大地构造与成矿学(英文版)》2003,27(1):33-54
Multistage superimposed deformation has been discussed systematically based on the progress of the stratigraphic sequences of the northeastern margin of Yangtze Block. The new-discovered first stage deformation of those sequences occurred from the middle Triassic to the end of early Jurassic together with development of regional folding, which was resulted from the deep detachment shearing tending toward NW-WNW. The folds dip to east and fall down toward west, and were superimposed by the main stage folding. Thereafter, a series of folds were developed with axes trending toward northeast. Consequently normal folds occurred on the normal limbs while overturned fold on the overturned limbs during the first stage folding. The detachment or thrust was form edfrom late Jurassic to early Cretaceous. Due to the uplifting of Dabie and the Wannan Mountains in the north and south sides, the bi-directional thrusting belt was formed by gravity flowing from the Mountains toward the center of the basin along the north side of Xuancheng and south side of Guichi. The deformation geodynamics was discussed simply based on the newly recognized information about the tectonic evolution. 相似文献
6.
作为变质核杂岩构造的重要组成部分,拆离断层带内广泛发育的褶皱构造与其寄主岩石一样记录了中下地壳拆离作用过程。选取辽南变质核杂岩金州拆离断层带内褶皱构造作为研究对象,基于叶理与褶皱构造关系分析,划分了褶皱期次与阶段性;通过形态组构分析、结晶学组构分析及石英古温度计等技术方法的应用,初步分析了拆离断层内褶皱的形成机制,为辽南地区拆离作用过程提供约束。根据褶皱形成与拆离作用的时间关系,将拆离带内褶皱分为拆离前褶皱、拆离同期褶皱和拆离后褶皱;拆离作用同期的褶皱按时间早晚分为早期(a1)阶段、中期(a2)阶段、晚期(a3)阶段。不同阶段褶皱的野外形态、叶理与褶皱关系等方面的差异,以及形态组构与结晶学组构的特征,为判断和恢复褶皱的形成机制提供了佐证,揭示出拆离断层带褶皱是在纵弯压扁和顺层流变的共同作用下递进剪切变形的产物。在拆离作用过程中, a1阶段和a2阶段褶皱以纵弯、压扁褶皱作用为主,a3阶段褶皱以弯滑作用为主。褶皱作用记录了拆离断层一定温度范围内(主要集中在380~500 ℃)的变形特征,拆离作用从早期到晚期的演化整体处于相对稳定的应变状态下。对金州拆离断层带而言,在区域NW-SE向伸展过程中,还伴随着NE-SW向微弱的收缩。 相似文献
7.
Tectonic hypotheses for Archaean greenstone belts are tested against structural data from the Agnew belt, Western Australia. This belt shows the following critical features:
- 1. (1) A sialic infrastructure, formed by semi-concordant tonalitic intrusions, was present before tectonism began.
- 2. (2) An early deformation formed recumbent folds and a flat-lying schistosity; a second deformation formed major upright folds and steep ductile shear zones that outline the present tectonic belt. Neither deformation caused major disruptions in the stratigraphy. Both were accompanied by metamorph ism under upper greenschist to amphibolite facies conditions and low pressure.
- 3. (3) The belt is bounded on either side by tonalitic gneiss of unknown age, emplaced along steep shear zones.
8.
《Journal of Structural Geology》2003,25(10):1659-1673
Detachment folds represent a major structural element in a number of fold belts. They are common in the Jura Mountains, the Zagros fold belt, the Central Appalachian fold belt, the Wyoming fold-belt, the Brooks Range, the Parry Islands fold belt, and parts of the SubAndean belt. These structures form in stratigraphic packages with high competency contrasts among units. The competent upper units exhibit parallel fold geometries, whereas the weak lower unit displays disharmonic folding and significant penetrative deformation. Two distinct geometric types, disharmonic detachment folds, and lift-off folds have been recognized. However, these structures commonly represent different stages in the progressive evolution of detachment folds. The structures first form by symmetric or asymmetric folding, with the fold wavelength controlled by the thickness of the dominant units. Volumetric constraints require sinking of units in the synclines, and movement of the ductile unit from the synclines to the anticlines. Continuing deformation results in increasing fold amplitudes and tighter geometries resulting from both limb segment rotation and hinge migration. Initially, limb rotation occurs primarily by flexural slip folding, but in the late stages of deformation, the rotation may involve significant internal deformation of units between locked hinges. The folds eventually assume tight isoclinal geometries resembling lift-off folds. Variations in the geometry of detachment fold geometry, such as fold asymmetry, significant faulting, and fold associated with multiple detachments, are related to variations in the mechanical stratigraphy and pre-existing structure. 相似文献
9.
川东地区发育典型的"侏罗山式"褶皱构造带,以北东走向的齐岳山断裂为界,南东侧为隔槽式褶皱,北西侧为隔挡式褶皱.中生代川东地区经历了自南东向北西的陆内递进变形,受多套滑脱层（基底拆离面、下寒武统页岩、志留系泥页岩和三叠系膏盐）的共同控制.但是,关于川东褶皱带的形成机制及其整体和分段形成时间仍存在较大争议.应用构造物理模拟方法,再现了川东"侏罗山式"褶皱带的形成过程,并分析了先存断裂及其倾角对川东褶皱构造变形的影响.模拟结果表明,川东褶皱带是齐岳山断裂、华蓥山断裂、志留系滑脱层和基底拆离面组成的阶梯状体系在构造挤压下发生断层相关褶皱作用的结果.基底拆离面（深度约16 km）控制隔槽式褶皱的发育,志留系页岩主要控制隔挡式褶皱的形成.中生代（165~75 Ma）川东地区的构造缩短率约为32%.齐岳山断裂是隔槽式褶皱向隔挡式褶皱过渡的重要枢纽,是先存高角度断裂浅部向北西迁移后的产物.华蓥山断裂的倾角控制着隔挡式褶皱的波长,当倾角较陡时（45°）更有利于发育典型的隔挡式褶皱. 相似文献
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11.
库车坳陷却勒地区新生代盐构造特征、演化及变形控制因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文利用野外地质调查结果、遥感资料、地震资料和钻、测井数据,建立了两条库车坳陷却勒地区的区域大剖面,约束却勒地区盐构造特征和演化,分析东、西段变形差异及差异形成过程,探讨构造变形控制因素。却勒地区发育的盐构造样式主要有盐底辟、盐焊接、盐撤凹陷、大型盐推覆体、外来盐席、盐枕、盐背斜和滑脱褶皱,其中,盐撤凹陷、盐背斜和滑脱褶皱仅发育于东段,造成东、西段构造变形差异。却勒地区盐构造分为3期:①渐新世—中新世吉迪克期为构造平静期,发育盐撤凹陷和盐底辟;②中新世康村期—上新世早期构造挤压微弱,发生早期褶皱作用,却勒盐丘继续发育,北部盐底辟中新世末停止发育;③上新世晚期—现今发生大规模逆冲推覆,是褶皱-冲断带主要形成时期,发育大型盐撤凹陷、外来盐席、盐推覆构造、盐背斜和滑脱褶皱。却勒地区东、西段盐构造变形差异主要形成于上新世晚期—现今(第3期)。喀拉玉尔滚右旋走滑断层为薄皮构造,调节了却勒地区东、西段前缘的变形差异。却勒地区构造变形主要受控于盐岩沉积范围、区域构造应力及强度、上覆层应变强度和差异负载(沉积负载和局部构造负载)。 相似文献
12.
川东北地区主体构造为北西向大巴山弧形构造带和北东-北东东向川东弧形褶皱带,发育早期北东向纵弯褶皱和晚期北西向纵弯褶皱,两者构成明显的纵-纵复合叠加,形成典型的限制褶皱、横跨褶皱、斜跨褶皱和移褶等。早、晚两期褶皱和共轭“X”节理均反映出早期应力场为北西-南东向水平挤压,晚期应力场为北东-南西向挤压。 相似文献
13.
在大巴山西北侧镇巴县简池地区开展1∶10 000的地质填图和构造解析工作,重点研究露头和区域尺度上叠加褶皱变形的时空变化、成因,确定褶皱的构造属性及变形时限。研究表明未拆离的中上三叠统-中侏罗统沉积岩系中发育两组褶皱：(1)北东近东西向褶皱(F1),成组、分区断续相连,线性展布发育,代表了区域米仓山主背斜较陡倾南翼上的次级大型褶皱的枢纽带;(2)北西北北西向褶皱(F2),区域呈弧形展布,发育隔挡式褶皱组合型式,构成大巴山前陆坳陷带东部边缘的复式向斜。北西北北西向褶皱向西横跨在北东近东西向褶皱之上,形成露头尺度上的2类4种基本样式,发育大角度叠加交切的两组褶皱弯滑擦痕。北东近东西向褶皱减弱消失在同造山的上三叠统-中侏罗统(Ts1Ts4岩性段)中,上被中侏罗世晚期Ts5与Ts6岩性段包络覆盖,属中生代南秦岭碰撞造山相关的前陆生长褶皱,时限约为213~178 Ma,与米仓山构造形成晚期阶段的指向南的非共轴剪切变形有关。北西北北西向褶皱将研究区的中生代及之前岩系普遍卷入了变形,属晚中生代大巴山陆内造山带的前陆构造褶皱,时限约为160~120 Ma,区域褶皱变形长期保持稳定的总体近似纯剪的应变状态。尽管两期挤压收缩褶皱事件的时间间隔不长,但两组褶皱的样式、形成时间、构造属性与形成机制都存在巨大差异,表明区域构造环境和地壳变形机制的重大变动和转换。 相似文献
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龙门山断裂带印支期左旋走滑运动及其大地构造成因 总被引：60，自引：6，他引：60
位于青藏高原东缘的龙门山构造呈北东—南西向将松潘—甘孜褶皱带和华南地块分割开。前者主要是由一套巨厚的三叠纪复理石沉积组成 ,分布在古特提斯海的东缘。后者由前寒武纪基底和上覆的古生代和中生代沉积盖层组成。位于汶川—茂汶断裂以东的前龙门山存在一系列倾向北西的逆掩断层 ,它们将许多由元古宙和古生代岩层组成的断片向南东置于四川盆地的中生代红层之上 ,构成典型的薄皮构造。许多研究由此断定松潘—甘孜褶皱带和四川盆地之间在中生代发生过大规模的北西—南东向挤压。然而 ,汶川—茂汶断裂西侧的松潘—甘孜褶皱带内部的挤压构造线大多是垂直于而不是平形于龙门山断裂带 ,这表明当时的挤压应力不是北西—南东向而是北东—南西向。近年来在龙门山构造带内发现 ,在三叠纪时龙门山断裂带在发生推覆的同时还经历过大规模的北东—南西向的左旋走滑运动 ,协调走滑运动的主要构造为汶川—茂汶断裂。走滑运动的成因与松潘—甘孜褶皱带北东—南西向缩短有关。汶川—茂汶断裂的左旋走滑在龙门山的北东端被古特提斯海沿勉略俯冲带的消减和发生在大巴山的古生代 /中生代岩层的褶皱和冲断作用所吸收 ,在龙门山的南西端被古特提斯海沿甘孜—理塘俯冲带的消减和松潘—甘孜三叠纪复理石的褶皱和冲断作用所吸? 相似文献
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In the internal part of the Umbro-Marchean-Romagnan Apennines, the foredeep clastic wedge constituting the Neogene part of the sedimentary cover is completely detached from the underlying Mesozoic–Palaeogene succession. The resulting (Umbro-Romagnan) parautochthon consists of tectonostratigraphic units with a general geometry of broad synclinal blocks separated by narrow faulted anticlines.
Thrust-related structures observed in the field require thrust ramp propagation to have occurred within already folded rocks; therefore, they cannot be restored using simple fault-bend fold or fault-propagation folding models. Evidence for a passive fold origin in the studied rocks suggests that an early detachment folding episode preceded ramp propagation. The latter was facilitated by the enhanced thickness of incompetent material in the cores of detachment anticlines, which became the preferential sites where thrust ramps cut up-section. Depending on the trajectory of such thrust ramps, different types of fault-related structures could develop. Hanging-wall anticlines which give way to monoclinal structures higher up in the section are associated with listric thrust ramps, whereas hanging wall monoclines approximately parallel to the underlying fault surface are associated with straight-trajectory ramps.
This kinematic evolution, which occurred partly during syn-depositional compression, also accounts for the observed lithofacies distribution. The latter reflects an early differentiation of the foredeep trough into sub-basins that are progressively younger towards the foreland. The detachment anticlines that originally bounded such sub-basins were the site of later thrust propagation, leading to a tectonic juxtaposition of different tectonostratigraphic units consisting of broad NW-SE elongate synclinal blocks. 相似文献
Thrust-related structures observed in the field require thrust ramp propagation to have occurred within already folded rocks; therefore, they cannot be restored using simple fault-bend fold or fault-propagation folding models. Evidence for a passive fold origin in the studied rocks suggests that an early detachment folding episode preceded ramp propagation. The latter was facilitated by the enhanced thickness of incompetent material in the cores of detachment anticlines, which became the preferential sites where thrust ramps cut up-section. Depending on the trajectory of such thrust ramps, different types of fault-related structures could develop. Hanging-wall anticlines which give way to monoclinal structures higher up in the section are associated with listric thrust ramps, whereas hanging wall monoclines approximately parallel to the underlying fault surface are associated with straight-trajectory ramps.
This kinematic evolution, which occurred partly during syn-depositional compression, also accounts for the observed lithofacies distribution. The latter reflects an early differentiation of the foredeep trough into sub-basins that are progressively younger towards the foreland. The detachment anticlines that originally bounded such sub-basins were the site of later thrust propagation, leading to a tectonic juxtaposition of different tectonostratigraphic units consisting of broad NW-SE elongate synclinal blocks. 相似文献
16.
Philip Berger 《Journal of Structural Geology》1984,6(3):235-246
The Ramshorn Peak area of the Idaho-Wyoming thrust belt lies in the toe of the Prospect thrust sheet along the eastern margin of the exposed part of the thrust belt. The terrain is folded with axes trending N-S and wavelengths ranging from 3 to 4.3 km. Thrusts occur exclusively along the eastern part of the map area where the toe of the Prospect thrust sheet is thinnest. The easternmost thrusts are backthrusts.Monoclinally folded rocks are thrust on less deformed rocks south of Ramshorn Peak. This fold and fault complex is interpreted to have formed by thrusting over a large oblique and small forward step. The oblique step is responsible for the formation of the monocline in the hanging wall of the thrust. All faults and associated folds are rotated by subsequent buckle folding.Second- and third-order folds (folds at the scale of the Ramshorn Peak fold and fault complex and smaller) appear to be isolated features associated with faults (fault-related folds rather than buckle folds) because they are not distributed throughout the map area. These folds were probably initiated by translation and adhesive drag. The early folding was terminated by large translation over a stepped thrust surface which caused additional folding as the hanging wall rocks conformed to the irregular shape of the footwall. The Rich model is utilized to explain the Ramshorn Peak complex because the fold is of monoclinal form and is an isolated feature rather than part of a buckle fold wave-train. 相似文献
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川东南地区构造变形复杂,二叠系和志留系含有丰富的页岩气资源。依据岩性和地震资料的解释,寒武系膏盐层与中-下三叠统膏盐层对构造变形有重要控制作用,多数断层沿膏盐层滑脱。研究区包括盆内和盆缘两部分,盆内发育形态对称的盖层滑脱式褶皱;盆缘发育基底卷入式褶皱冲断构造,分为山前推覆带和山前转换带,前者发育高陡的三角楔构造,后者由冲断带、褶皱带和斜坡带组成。构造演化分析表明:晚侏罗世齐岳山断层开始发育,盆内地层发生挠曲变形;白垩纪盆缘形成三角楔构造,盆内主要构造和断裂已经发育;新生代齐岳山褶皱隆升,盆内寒武系之上沉积盖层褶皱形成多个背斜和向斜。山前推覆带构造高陡、变形强烈,页岩气保存条件差;山前转换带构造变形程度适中,其褶皱带背斜完整,页岩气保存条件好;盆内中-下三叠统膏盐层封盖性好,埋深适中的背斜为页岩气有利勘探目标区。 相似文献
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