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1.
鄂尔多斯盆地海相烃源岩TOC多处于0.2%~0.5%,按照形成工业油气藏TOC含量不低于0.5%(高.过成熟区可降低至0.4%)标准是无法形成大型天然气藏,但靖边气田油气源对比分析确实存在海相烃源岩贡献.为了证实低TOC高演化烃源岩中有机酸盐对TOC的影响,本文选择了鄂尔多斯盆地南部某一口探井奥陶系海相和二叠系海陆过渡相烃源岩进行了红外光谱和色质等分析.实验结果表明,无论海相还是海陆过渡相烃源岩中均存在干酪根有机酸和有机酸盐转化酸,其中有机酸盐转化酸主要为有机酸盐完全酸化而来的有机酸,证实了海相烃源岩中确实存在有机酸盐.尽管酸化前后有机酸均以C16:0为主峰,但有机酸盐转化酸在C16:0以前相对丰度明显低于干酪根有机酸和游离有机酸的相对丰度,暗示了干酪根有机酸和游离有机酸以脱羧基生成链烷烃为主,而有机酸盐转化酸以高碳数有机酸裂解为低碳数有机酸为主.利用十六烷酸钙为标准对干酪根有机酸和有机酸盐转化酸进行定量分析表明,TOC含量(大于2.0%)高的海相烃源岩中有机酸盐含量低,而TOC含量低(0.2%~0.5%)的烃源岩有机酸盐含量均比较高.因此,对于TOC含量介于0.2%~0.5%的海相烃源岩,有机酸盐在高演化阶段可能是一种潜力的气源.  相似文献   

2.
系统剖析了不同层位、不同岩性煤系气源岩饱和烃与芳烃的地球化学特征,揭示了四川盆地上三叠统须家河组气源岩沉积时曾受到明显海侵事件的作用,对其源岩的生源输入与沉积环境均有较大的影响.分子地球化学特征表明:气源岩中正构烷烃存在明显的双峰态分布特征,菌、藻类生源化合物丰富,在全烃色谱图中即可辨别这些化合物的存在,反映出低等生源输入量较大;Pr/Ph比值较低,主要分布范围为0.33~0.86,平均仅0.60,与沼泽相煤系烃源岩中Pr/Ph值常大于2.0的特征完全不同,具有海相或盐湖相烃源岩的分布特点;气源岩中β-,γ-胡萝卜烷及其降解系列十分发育,在全烃色谱图中即可辨认出其存在,反映出水体的还原性较强;气源岩中甲基甾烷与甲藻甾烷十分发育、含量丰富,芳烃馏分中含硫芳烃相对丰度较高,"三芴"系列组成既不同于典型的盐湖相源岩,也与常规的沼泽相源岩存在明显差异,表明气源岩曾受到海侵作用的影响.  相似文献   

3.
温度是控制烃源岩有机质生烃的主要因素,构造-热事件下的高温作用对烃源岩的增熟和生烃历程具有显著影响.通过地质分析和磷灰石、锆石裂变径迹、磷灰石U-Th/He低温热年代学数据、火山岩年龄数据分析认为,下扬子中生代存在印支期(T_3-J_2),燕山期(J_3-K_1)构造-热事件,沉积盆地达到最高古热流的时间大约为130~110Ma.古温标镜质体反射率热史反演结果揭示句容地区最高地表古热流达到~94mW·m~(-2),泰兴地区为~78mW·m~(-2),热事件的强度由西至东减弱.基于EASY%Ro模型的生烃史正演结果揭示:寒武系烃源岩在常州地区主生气期为早二叠世晚期至晚三叠世末,在句容、泰兴地区主生气期为晚三叠世-早白垩世.由于T_3-J_(1-2)前陆盆地沉积和早白垩世岩浆活动热事件的双重作用,海相烃源岩有机质在早白垩世末达到最高古地温.虽然K_2-E期间在句容、泰兴和常州部分地区具有一定的沉降幅度,甚至使得部分地区海相烃源岩的埋深超过早期的埋深,但由于K_2以来大地热流降低,海相烃源层地层温度却低于早期的地温,有机质未能普遍进一步增熟生烃,即这些地区不存在大面积的二次生烃.  相似文献   

4.
芳烃化合物是原油和烃源岩抽提物中的主要馏分,经过小型氧化铝两步层析法,可以得到分离度高的二环芳烃和三环芳烃化合物.塔里木油田不同地区的上奥陶统烃源岩和寒武系‐下奥陶统烃源岩抽提物芳烃馏分的GC-IRMS分析表明芳烃单体烃碳同位素组成除受热演化程度影响外,还受有机质来源、沉积环境和成烃过程的影响.无论是烷基萘、烷基联苯、烷基菲的亚系列,还是单体化合物,如1-甲基菲、9-甲基菲、2,6-二甲基菲等的δ13C值均表现为寒武系‐下奥陶统烃源岩偏重,两套烃源岩之间亚系列的δ13C差值最高可达16.1‰,单体烃之间差值可达14‰.综合塔里木盆地不同时代烃源岩和原油的生物标志物组合特征及单体烃的碳同位素组成,可为油源对比提供强有力的佐证.塔中地区大部分奥陶系原油9-甲基菲具有偏负的δ13C组成,贫伽玛蜡烷,富含升藿烷,主要来自于上奥陶统烃源岩;而塔东地区原油和部分塔中地区原油富伽玛蜡烷、贫升藿烷,9-甲基菲的δ13C组成明显较重,表明其主力油源岩为寒武系‐下奥陶统烃源岩.  相似文献   

5.
鄂尔多斯盆地长91湖相优质烃源岩的发育机制探讨   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
新近的钻探和有机地球化学测试与研究,在鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统长9油层组上段发现了一套湖相优质烃源岩,其平均TOC达5.03%,平均沥青"A"含量达0.8603%,有机母质类型——以低等水生生物为主要来源的腐泥型,并已达到了生油高峰的热演化阶段.湖相优质烃源岩发育于湖盆的局部凹陷.各项有机、无机地球化学参数反映出长91优质烃源岩形成于淡水—微咸水、弱氧化—弱还原的半深湖相沉积环境.因此,高生产力是该套优质烃源岩形成的主控因素.薄层凝灰岩、纹层状凝灰岩的沉积,以及Eu显著正异常的发现,佐证了同期可能存在与火山喷发有关的缺氧地质事件.地质事件对长91优质烃源岩的发育起着重要的作用.  相似文献   

6.
珠江口盆地珠一和珠二坳陷所产原油饱和烃馏分中,检测到两个新的C15倍半萜烷,文献资料将其鉴定为2,2,4a,7,8-五甲基-反-萘烷和2,2,4a,7,8-五甲基-顺-萘烷,相当于18α(H)和18β(H)-奥利烷中的D/E环构成的二环倍半萜烷.珠二坳陷那些高姥植比和富含陆源三萜类奥利烷、双杜松烷的凝析油中,这类新倍半萜烷相对丰富;而在珠一坳陷那些富含4-甲基甾烷、贫陆源三萜类和低姥植比的湖相原油中其含量明显偏低,表明新C15倍半萜烷在成因和来源上与陆源有机质有关,它们在研究区具有指示原油母源的作用.不同结构的倍半萜烷母源不同,它们在珠江口盆地原油中与指示沉积环境氧化还原性的指标Pr/Ph比呈现完全不同的相关性:Pr/Ph比与指示陆源有机质输入的新倍半萜烷和杜松烷的含量正相关,而与指示细菌输入的补身烷和重排补身烷的含量负相关,可能反映新倍半萜烷的形成需要偏氧化的地球化学条件.扩展至烃源岩中发现,恩平组碳质泥岩和泥岩中新倍半萜烷含量迥异,高姥植比(7.0)的碳质泥岩中其丰度远高于低姥植比(约为2.17)的泥岩,但后者与同样低姥植比(约为2.29)的文昌组腐泥型湖相泥岩中含量相当,因此陆源有机质可能只是新倍半萜烷形成的充分条件,而偏氧化的沉积-成岩环境可能才是此类新标志物形成的必要条件.  相似文献   

7.
渤海海域沙三段烃源灶演化特征研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
烃源灶是表征供烃中心的最合适的方法, 其迁移演化研究对油气勘探具有重要意义. 渤海海域为渤海湾盆地海域部分, 是中国主要富油气盆地之一. 沙河街组三段是古近系4套烃源岩中最重要的烃源岩. 本文在沉积、构造发育和热史研究成果的基础之上, 结合烃源岩地球化学参数模拟计算了沙三段烃源岩成熟生烃及生、排烃演化历史, 并以此研究渤海海域沙三段烃源灶的演化特征. 结果表明研究区具有早期的"双灶共存"和晚期"单灶为主, 多灶并存"的特征, 即早期(古近纪)为岐口和渤中凹陷烃源灶; 晚期(新近纪至今)以渤中凹陷烃源灶为主, 岐口、南堡、黄河口、辽中、辽西和秦南凹陷等烃源灶并存. 烃源灶为油气田的形成提供了物质基础, 渤海海域的大中型油气田分布在主要烃源灶周围的凸起区和斜坡带. 因而, 本文的研究可以为渤海海域油气的深入勘探决策提供基础.  相似文献   

8.
烃源岩中原始有机碳(TOC)总量的恢复是烃源岩评价的重点和难点,以青海湖西北部的布哈河口区沉积物为研究对象,探讨一种全新的利用沉积物中硼元素含量对原始TOC含量进行恢复的方法.布哈河口区沉积物主要为泥、粉砂、细砂及其过渡类型,黏土矿物含量总体较低,沉积物中干酪根类型主要为Ⅱ1和Ⅱ2型,有机质大部分来自陆源生物,少量来自水生生物.布哈河口区沉积物中TOC含量介于0.02%~4.29%之间,其中半深湖及前三角洲环境TOC含量总体较高.有机质对部分微量元素有明显的富集作用,沉积物中TOC含量与硼、钪、钴、镍、锌、镓、铷、铯、铅及铀等微量元素存在明显相关性.有机质对微量元素的富集能力和强度受沉积物和水体接触时间控制,因此微量元素与TOC含量的相关性在不同沉积环境存在明显差异:在河流、三角洲平原、前三角洲、浅湖及半深湖沉积区较高,而在滨湖区较低.硼元素对TOC含量变化的反映最灵敏,即便是在间歇暴露的滨湖沉积中硼含量与TOC含量呈明显的正相关性,因此硼可以作为反映烃源岩原始TOC含量的有效指标.根据布哈河口区沉积物中硼含量与TOC含量之间极好的线性相关性,建立了利用烃源岩中的硼含量对原始TOC含量进行定量计算的公式,该公式主要适用于陆相微咸水、半咸水及咸水环境泥质岩类原始TOC总量的恢复.  相似文献   

9.
青海湖布哈河口区与晚三叠世鄂尔多斯盆地及四川盆地具有相似的古地理特征和水体环境,对布哈河口区表层沉积物中有机质的类型和丰度进行研究具有重要的比较沉积学意义.通过对布哈河口区河流、三角洲平原、前三角洲、滨湖、浅湖及半深湖环境表层沉积物样品全岩组分、总有机碳(TOC)及有机质类型进行分析,确定布哈河口区表层沉积物中有机质主要为Ⅱ2型和少量Ⅱ1型,TOC含量不超过4.29%,其中半深湖TOC含量最高并且有机质类型较好.布哈河口区表层沉积物中TOC含量主要受黏土矿物含量、有机质生产力和水深控制,半深湖沉积物具有较高的黏土矿物含量、较高的有机质生产力、较好的有机质类型和较大的覆水深度,有利于有机质的生产和保存,为河口区最有利于烃源岩发育的环境.同时,根据前三角洲、浅湖及半深湖沉积物中TOC含量与水深存在良好的相关性,建立了利用岩石中TOC含量对古水深进行恢复的公式.  相似文献   

10.
有机-无机相互作用在矿产资源形成中存在普遍、意义重要,有机油气煤和无机铀同盆共存、富集成藏(矿)的深层原因即为有机-无机相互作用.本文在Ⅲ型低熟烃源岩中加入碳酸铀酰溶液的条件下进行生烃热模拟实验,以探讨油气生成过程中无机铀所产生的影响.生烃实验结果揭示,铀的参与,可使烃源岩中烃气产出率有所提高,总气量增加,产出的总烃量(重量或体积)增加;并可降低烃源岩生烃门限温度,在相对较低温阶段生成液态烃.铀可使产物中饱和烃增多,促使低分子量烃类产生,从而使CH4的产出量提高,生成的烃类的干气化程度增加.铀可能是未熟-低熟油气生成可能的无机促进因素之一.  相似文献   

11.
阳信洼陷古近系湖盆复合生烃系统的地球化学特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈中红  查明 《湖泊科学》2007,19(2):182-189
用粒径小于100 μm的泥沙分别配置浊度为30、60和90 NTU(Nephelometric Turbidity Units)的混浊水体,将穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum L.)成体植株分别种植于上述水体中,2个月后,利用水下饱和脉冲荧光仪(Diving-PAM)测定植株叶片的叶绿素荧光参数.结果表明,水体悬浮泥沙对狐尾藻成体植株Fv/Fm和Fo影响不显著,植株PSⅡ无显著损伤.用30 μmol photon/(m2·s)的光化光照射10 s,在30和60 NTU的混浊水体中植株△Fv/Fm、qP和rETR与对照的差异不显著;在90NTU的水体中,qP、rETR与对照的差异显著(P<0.05);qN值≤0.1,表明在低光化光照射下叶片的热耗散少,能量更多的参与了光化学反应.在悬浮泥沙水体中植株的rETR日变化幅度显著小于对照,植株的光合作用随水体浊度的增加显著降低.Fv/Fm日变化呈较为平缓的"V"形变化,植株受到的光抑制程度低;泥沙浊度≥60 NTU时,Fv/Fm恢复变慢,但与对照差异不显著.rETRmax随泥沙浊度升高呈下降趋势,光合作用能力显著降低.结果表明穗花狐尾藻是一种较为耐受悬浮泥沙水体的沉水植物,悬浮泥沙对植株光合系统PSⅡ、抗光抑制能力无显著影响,但对光合作用能力影响显著(P<0.05).  相似文献   

12.
As revealed from recent drilling and organic geochemical testing and research, a series of lacustrine high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks was discovered in the upper section of the Chang 9 oil reservoir member of upper Triassic in Ordos Basin. The hydrocarbon source rocks show average TOC content as high as 5.03%, average bitumen "A" content as high as 0.8603%, and good quality organic precursors, which are of the sapropelic type mainly derived from lower aquatic plants and have reached the thermal evolution stage featured by oil-producing climax. Generally the lacustrine high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks were developed in local depressions of a lake basin, and the Chang 91 member was particularly formed in a depositional environment characterized by fresh water to weakly saline water, weakly oxidizing to weakly reducing setting and semi-deep lake facies, as was demonstrated by a variety of organic to inorganic geochemical parameters. As a result, high productivity constitutes the principal controlling force for generation of this series of high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks. Deposition of thinly-bedded and laminated tuffs as well as positive Eu anomaly corroborate the possible occurrence of anoxic geological event closely related to contemporaneous volcanic eruption, which would play a key part in development of the Chang 91 member of high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks.  相似文献   

13.
As revealed from recent drilling and organic geochemical testing and research, a series of lacustrine high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks was discovered in the upper section of the Chang 9 oil reservoir member of upper Triassic in Ordos Basin. The hydrocarbon source rocks show average TOC content as high as 5.03%, average bitumen “A” content as high as 0.8603%, and good quality organic precursors, which are of the sapropelic type mainly derived from lower aquatic plants and have reached the thermal evolution stage featured by oil-producing climax. Generally the lacustrine high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks were developed in local depressions of a lake basin, and the Chang 91 member was particularly formed in a depositional environment characterized by fresh water to weakly saline water, weakly oxidizing to weakly reducing setting and semi-deep lake facies, as was demonstrated by a variety of organic to inorganic geochemical parameters. As a result, high productivity constitutes the principal controlling force for generation of this series of high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks. Deposition of thinly-bedded and laminated tuffs as well as positive Eu anomaly corroborate the possible occurrence of anoxic geological event closely related to contemporaneous volcanic eruption, which would play a key part in development of the Chang 91 member of high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks.  相似文献   

14.

As revealed from recent drilling and organic geochemical testing and research, a series of lacustrine high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks was discovered in the upper section of the Chang 9 oil reservoir member of upper Triassic in Ordos Basin. The hydrocarbon source rocks show average TOC content as high as 5.03%, average bitumen “A” content as high as 0.8603%, and good quality organic precursors, which are of the sapropelic type mainly derived from lower aquatic plants and have reached the thermal evolution stage featured by oil-producing climax. Generally the lacustrine high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks were developed in local depressions of a lake basin, and the Chang 91 member was particularly formed in a depositional environment characterized by fresh water to weakly saline water, weakly oxidizing to weakly reducing setting and semi-deep lake facies, as was demonstrated by a variety of organic to inorganic geochemical parameters. As a result, high productivity constitutes the principal controlling force for generation of this series of high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks. Deposition of thinly-bedded and laminated tuffs as well as positive Eu anomaly corroborate the possible occurrence of anoxic geological event closely related to contemporaneous volcanic eruption, which would play a key part in development of the Chang 91 member of high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks.

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15.
In this paper, calculations have been performed about gas quantity of generation, adsorption, dissolving in oil, dissolving in water, diffusion of unit area carbonate rocks at different geologic conditions in the Tarim basin. According to the material balance principle, the corresponding organic carbon content when gas started expelling from source rocks with separate phases has been worked out. We regard it as the theoretical threshold value (TOCmin) of gas source rocks under the same geologic condition. Based on the simulating calculation, a fact has been discovered that TOCmin decreases with the increasing source rocks thickness, decreases at the beginning and then increases with the increasing maturity and decreases with the better type of organic matter. TOCmin evaluation table of carbonate gas source rocks in the Tarim basin has been established. Investigations indicate that the TOCmin of carbonate gas source rocks varies greatly with the differences of geologic conditions, and gas source rocks cannot be evaluated with a unified TOC threshold value. And we also establish a preliminary evaluation table of TOC industrial threshold value, TOCgy, of carbonate gas source rocks in the Tarim basin.  相似文献   

16.
Gypsum-salt rocks and coccolith calcareous shale are widely deposited in the lower part of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Sag,Shandong Province.The gypsum-salt rock is believed to be formed during the earlier deposition in salt lake,while the overlying coccolith shale in saline lake with relatively low salinity.By comparing the lake environment and lacustrine microbial communities between ancient and recent lakes,cyanobacteria are regarded as the main representative of productivity during the formation of gypsum-salt strata series,with the annual productivity of 1500-2000 gC m-2 yr-1.Based on the research of ultramicrofossils in the calcareous shale,coccolith is considered as the main contributor to the productivity during the formation of calcareous shale.On the basis of statistic data of sedimentary rates,shale laminations,and coccolith fossils in each lamination,the quantitative value of productivity is calculated,with the annual productivity of 2250-3810gC m-2 yr-1(averagely 3120 gC m-2 yr-1).Statistic data of large amount of pyrite framboids indicate that the lower water column was persistently in sulfidic or anoxic conditions during the deposition of gypsum-salt strata series,but it changed to be dysoxic when the coccolith calcareous shale was deposited.Both of these water conditions are favorable for the preservation of organic matter.It is estimated that the organic carbon burial efficiency of the Lower Paleogene salt lakes and saline lakes of Dongying Depression is about 10%-15%,which is calculated and analyzed using the multi-parameter geobiological model.  相似文献   

17.
Organic-inorganic interaction exists universally and is important in the process of mineral resources formation.It is the essential reason why organic oil,gas,coal and inorganic uranium coexist,accumulate,and mineralize in the same sedimentary basins.Hydrocarbon-generating simulation experiment was conducted using low-mature hydrocarbon source rock containing kerogen type III with uranium(UO2CO3 solution)added to study the effects of uranium on the hydrocarbon generation of hydrocarbon source rocks.Experiment results show that uranium can enhance the yield of gas hydrocarbon,promote the total gas output,and increase the total hydrocarbon production(mass or volume).Uranium may lower the hydrocarbon generation threshold temperature and lead to the generation of liquid hydrocarbon in the relative low temperature of hydrocarbon source rock.Uranium can enhance the yield of saturated hydrocarbon,promote the low molecular weight hydrocarbons generating,and in turn increase the content of CH4 and the content of dry gas of the generated hydrocarbons.Uranium is one of the potential inorganic accelerating factors of the immature hydrocarbons.  相似文献   

18.
On the basis of GC–MS analysis, a suite of nine coal-measure source rocks(Ro 0.51%–0.63%) from the southern margin of Junggar basin was found to contain many biomarkers for bacterially-generated hydrocarbons:hopane, sesquiterpene, C23+ monomethyl alkanes(even carbon predominance), and C24+ alkyl cyclohexane.Rock–eval and microscope analysis indicate that vitrinite(especially desmocollinite and homocollinite) plays a significant role in the generation of hydrocarbons in coalmeasure source rocks. Vitrinite performs this role by absorbing ultramicroscopic organic matter, generally in the form of resins or bacterial plastids. C23+ monomethyl alkanes(even carbon predominance) and C24+ alkyl cyclohexane series compounds are derived from bacterial metabolites of higher plants. The ultramicro organic matter adsorbed by vitrinite source rocks in the study area is probably ultramicro bacterial plastids. Because the organic matter of higher plants with low hydrogen content has been transformed into organic matter rich in hydrogen by bacteria, the hydrocarbon generation capacity of source rocks is greatly improved. In other words, in coal-measure source rocks, bacteria play an important role in hydrocarbon generation.  相似文献   

19.
Through geological observation, simulation in laboratory and numerical modeling, the factors that control the changes in total organic content (TOC) of source rock have been studied. When the formula DTOC=(TOC0-TOC)/TOC0 (original organic carbon content in the rock) is used to measure the TOC (total organic carbon content) changes in the source rock through geological time, the degrees and directions of such changes are determined by losses and relative amounts both of organic and inorganic matter in the source rock. The DTOC equation, which is used to calculate the loss rate in the process of maturation for the source rock, is therefore obtained by analyzing the mass balance relations. For a certain type of source rock with a certain maturation history, the changes of its TOC respond only to the rates of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. In actual cases of geological entities, DTOC generally ranges from -0.05 to 0.2, while the calculated reconversion coefficient (k) for organic carbon content remains between 0.90 and 1.25. Only in an ideal situation where there are extremely high rates of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion can the DTOC value experience significant changes, with k reaching up to 2.5. It is concluded, therefore, that the criterion for carbonates source rock assessment, based on reconverting the TOC to the value of its original state, may have overestimated the course of the "carbon-reduction", which is likely in many cases to make a poor source rock sound better.  相似文献   

20.
Organic-inorganic interaction exists universally and is important in the process of mineral resources formation.It is the essential reason why organic oil,gas,coal and inorganic uranium coexist,accumulate,and mineralize in the same sedimentary basins.Hydrocarbon-generating simulation experiment was conducted using low-mature hydrocarbon source rock containing kerogen type III with uranium(UO2CO3 solution)added to study the effects of uranium on the hydrocarbon generation of hydrocarbon source rocks.Experiment results show that uranium can enhance the yield of gas hydrocarbon,promote the total gas output,and increase the total hydrocarbon production(mass or volume).Uranium may lower the hydrocarbon generation threshold temperature and lead to the generation of liquid hydrocarbon in the relative low temperature of hydrocarbon source rock.Uranium can enhance the yield of saturated hydrocarbon,promote the low molecular weight hydrocarbons generating,and in turn increase the content of CH4 and the content of dry gas of the generated hydrocarbons.Uranium is one of the potential inorganic accelerating factors of the immature hydrocarbons.  相似文献   

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