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1.
含水层沉积物中含铁矿物的特征与活性会影响砷的迁移转化行为。通过内蒙古含水层沉积物含铁矿物的溶解、还原动力学实验,研究了沉积物含铁矿物特征和活性及其与砷运移的关系。结果表明,沉积物中具还原活性的铁氧化物总量(m0)与岩性有关,细砂为52 μmol/g,黏土为45 μmol/g。初始还原速率k′均在10-5 s-1的数量级。表征活性均匀度的参数γ值介于合成铁氧化物矿物和表层沉积物之间。沉积物中Fe(Ⅲ)氧化物的还原活性主要介于人造纤铁矿与针铁矿的活性水平范围内。沉积物中可能存在两类活性水平不同的Fe(Ⅲ)氧化物。As更倾向于吸附在活性较强的Fe(Ⅲ)氧化物上。还原环境中,活性较强的Fe(Ⅲ)氧化物的还原性溶解,促进了沉积物中砷的释放。  相似文献   

2.
硫酸盐还原菌是厌氧环境中参与砷形态转化的重要微生物种群,其介导的生物地球化学循环过程对铁氧化物表面吸附态砷迁移转化的影响亟待深入研究.选取江汉平原典型高砷含水层原位沉积物分离纯化出一株严格厌氧硫酸盐还原菌Desulfovibrio JH-S1,对其进行砷和铁还原能力鉴定,并通过模拟培养实验探究硫酸盐还原菌参与下的铁矿物相转化对吸附态砷迁移的影响.Desulfovibrio JH-S1具有Fe(III)还原能力,无硫和有硫体系中Fe(III)均能被还原,但在硫酸盐充足条件下铁还原量显著增加;该菌株不具备As(V)还原能力,但添加硫酸盐的培养体系中As(V)去除率可达96%以上.Desulfovibrio JH-S1能够还原硫酸盐从而促进载砷的水铁矿还原转化为纤铁矿,并导致吸附的砷释放.江汉平原高砷含水层土著硫酸盐还原菌兼具硫酸盐/铁还原功能,参与了高砷含水层系统中砷-铁-硫耦合循环,对高砷地下水的形成具有重要作用.   相似文献   

3.
为探析长江口沉积物-水界面砷的迁移转化机制,本文分析了2019年夏季长江口4个站位上覆水和间隙水中总As浓度及形态的剖面变化特征,耦合氧化还原敏感元素(Fe、Mn和S)的剖面变化剖析了沉积物-水界面砷循环的Fe-Mn-S控制机制,同时结合砷相关功能基因探讨了沉积物-水界面砷迁移转化的微生物调控过程,估算了沉积物-水界面总As的扩散通量。结果表明,除A7-4站位外,长江口其他3个站位间隙水总As以As3+为主要存在形态,且总As浓度均在上覆水中为最低值(0.748~1.57 μg·L-1),而在间隙水中随着深度增加而逐渐增加并在6~9 cm深度达到峰值(7.14~26.9 μg·L-1)。间隙水总As及As3+浓度的剖面变化趋势与溶解态Fe2+、Mn2+相似,其均在中间层出现高值,说明沉积物Fe/Mn还原带砷的释放可能是随固相Fe(Ⅲ)或Mn(Ⅳ)的还原而转移到间隙水中的。氧化层和Fe/Mn还原带过渡区间隙水砷浓度与砷异化还原菌功能基因arrA和arsC丰度存在对应关系(除A1-3站外),说明砷异化还原菌将溶解As5+或固相As5+还原为溶解As3+可能是该过渡层砷迁移转化的另一重要过程。硫酸盐还原带的间隙水总As和As3+浓度降低,但由于间隙水的低S2-浓度不利于砷硫化物生成,因此深层间隙水砷可能与铁硫矿物结合而被移除。底层环境氧化还原条件是影响沉积物-水界面砷迁移转化的重要因素,随底层水DO浓度的降低,砷迁移转化更倾向于微生物还原控制。长江口沉积物-水界面总As的扩散通量为1.18×10-7~2.07×10-7 μmol·cm-2·s-1,均表现为沉积物间隙水中总As向上覆水释放,即沉积物是研究区域水体总As的来源之一。  相似文献   

4.
磁赤铁矿可以在厌氧微生物作用下固相转化为磁铁矿,这种转化过程具有重要的矿物学及环境磁学意义。文章通过开展硫酸盐还原菌（SRB） —磁赤铁矿交互作用实验,重点探讨了SRB 活性对磁赤铁矿—磁铁矿固相转化速率的影响。在31 d 培养期内,SO42-+SRB+磁赤铁矿体系中SRB 的生长导致16.7%的SO42-转化为酸可挥发性硫（AVS）,部分还原释放的Fe（II） 与AVS 反应生成单硫化物、双硫化物和多硫化物,同时铁氧化物因溶解作用粒径减小;在无SO42-的SRB+磁赤铁矿体系中, SRB 还原产生的Fe （II） 主要存在于铁氧化物中,没有次生沉淀产生。X 射线衍射和穆斯堡尔谱分析结果表明在SRB 作用下纳米磁赤铁矿逐渐向磁铁矿转化,加入SO42-时转化速率加快,与矿物接触的SRB 菌体的数量及其向磁赤铁矿传递电子的能力均得到了增强。在天然或人工厌氧条件下,SO42-是制约磁赤铁矿向磁铁矿转化的重要因素。  相似文献   

5.
王晶  谢作明  王佳  杨洋  刘恩杨 《地球科学》2021,46(2):642-651
硫在铁和砷的生物地球化学循环中发挥着重要作用,但地下水系统中硫循环的中间产物S(0)对细菌转化铁和砷的影响尚不清楚.采用室内模拟实验,研究硫参与下细菌D2201对液相和载砷针铁矿中Fe(III)和As(V)的还原作用.结果表明:细菌D2201具有很强的铁还原能力,可以将液相中74%的Fe(III)还原;加入硫后,细菌还原S(0)产生的S(-II)使铁还原率提高到94%.但是,硫没有明显影响细菌对砷的还原.在实验初期,细菌明显加速了载砷针铁矿的还原,最终还原释放到液相中的Fe(II)浓度为32.12 μmol/L;硫的加入增强了细菌对载砷针铁矿的还原,还原溶解的Fe(II)增加至284.13 μmol/L,同时,砷的释放量也增加了1.6倍.这些结果表明硫显著促进了细菌对针铁矿的还原溶解并加速砷的释放.XRD和SEM-EDS结果显示,细菌还原针铁矿但不改变其矿相,而硫的加入也仅使矿物发生一定程度的团聚,并没有使其转变为其他矿物,也未导致砷的再吸附.   相似文献   

6.
<正>铁(氢)氧化物在土壤、沉积物和水相颗粒物中分布广泛,表面氧化还原活性高,以及电子输运能力强,对环境污染物(重金属和有机污染物)的地球化学过程起着重要的控制作用。相比于常见的针铁矿和赤铁矿等含铁矿物,磁铁矿在吸附-转化污染物方面具有一些独特的结构优势:1)磁铁矿表面的Fe2+具有强还原性,能通过矿物表面或内部结构向有机物、重金属传递电子,使污染物还原;2)磁铁矿具有反尖晶石结构,八面体位同时被Fe2+和Fe3+占据,电子在这两种氧化态之间迅速转移,赋予磁铁矿良好  相似文献   

7.
针铁矿-四方纤铁矿-水体系氧同位素分馏的实验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
针铁矿是非常重要的三价铁氧化物之一,其氧同位素组成对于古环境再造具有很大的价值。以4种不同的铁化合物作为Fe3+离子的源物质,于30～120℃范围内,采用强迫水解方法,在不同同位素组成的水中分别实验合成针铁矿和四方纤铁矿。结果表明,以Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、NH4Fe(SO4)2·12H2O、Fe(SO4)3·7H2O为Fe3+源物质合成的是纯针铁矿,而以FeCl3·6H2O为Fe3+源物质合成的是四方纤铁矿。氧同位素分析显示,在30～120℃范围内实验测定的针铁矿-水体系和四方纤铁矿-水体系氧同位素分馏几乎不可区分,并且满足下列分馏关系:103lnα针铁矿-水=9.59×103/T-26.39103lnα四方纤铁矿-水=8.85×103/T-24.44实验测定的针铁矿-水体系氧同位素分馏不仅与前人实验结果一致,而且与增量方法理论计算相近。由于实验采用不同反应途径得到了一致的分馏结果,因此所测定的针铁矿-水体系氧同位素分馏代表了热力学平衡。  相似文献   

8.
本文实验研究了希瓦氏奥奈达菌株(Shewanella oneidensis MR-1,以下简称MR-1)在pH为中性的厌氧条件下还原针铁矿的过程,探讨了MR-1菌异化还原针铁矿的动力学特征。采用邻菲罗啉分光光度法检测了反应前后溶液中铁含量的变化,利用扫描电子显微镜、粉晶X射线衍射和激光拉曼光谱分析了针铁矿及其还原产物的形貌特征和物相组成。结果表明,针铁矿在厌氧条件下可被MR-1还原,生成磁铁矿、菱铁矿等次生矿物。本文认为针铁矿的微生物异化还原过程以直接接触机制为主,同时存在间接还原机制;溶液中的Fe2+与CO32-、SO42-等沉淀生成菱铁矿等次生产物,同时部分Fe2+、Fe3+离子可吸附于矿物表面,甚至能引起矿物相的转化,两者共同构成了针铁矿的次生分解路径。  相似文献   

9.
磁铁矿和赤铁矿是自然界铁氧化物的两种主要存在形式,也是弓长岭铁矿区的主要矿石矿物,二者之间的转化曾经 被认为是氧化还原反应的结果。文中根据近几年提出的非氧化还原反应成矿理论,对弓长岭铁矿区内磁铁矿/赤铁矿之间的 转化关系进行新的解释。通过对弓长岭矿区矿石样品进行偏光显微镜和扫描电镜背散射等实验研究,发现了赤铁矿交代磁 铁矿、针铁矿交代赤铁矿、黄铁矿与磁铁矿、赤铁矿共生等现象。结合前人研究成果,从矿物组合、矿石结构以及矿物转 化前后体积变化等方面,论证了部分后生的赤铁矿是在缺氧的环境下由磁铁矿经非氧化反应转变而成,为该区后生赤铁矿 的形成现象提供了一种新的解释。  相似文献   

10.
翟裕生 《地学前缘》2020,27(2):1-12
矿床学是地球科学的一个分支,以其研究对象的复杂性(地质属性+经济属性+环境属性)而著称,也因此而有它特定的研究思维方法。笔者根据研究矿床的实践经验和理性思考,将矿床学研究思维方法概括为8个观点,即:(1)实践思维——实践出真知,实际调查矿床特征;(2)系统思维——成矿系统分析,把握全盘;(3)历史思维——矿床的形成、变化和保存;(4)经济思维——矿产资源、经济建设与社会发展;(5)环境思维——发展绿色矿业,改善生态环境;(6)全球思维——地球系统-成矿系统-勘查系统三结合;(7)战略思维——矿产资源是关系国家安全的战略资源;(8)辩证思维——唯物辩证法是指导矿床研究的基本哲学思想。运用上述思维方法,有助于提高矿床研究水平,为指导找矿发现和创新成矿理论做出新的贡献。  相似文献   

11.
The behaviour of trace amounts of arsenate coprecipitated with ferrihydrite, lepidocrocite and goethite was studied during reductive dissolution and phase transformation of the iron oxides using [55Fe]- and [73As]-labelled iron oxides. The As/Fe molar ratio ranged from 0 to 0.005 for ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite and from 0 to 0.001 for goethite. For ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite, all the arsenate remained associated with the surface, whereas for goethite only 30% of the arsenate was desorbable. The rate of reductive dissolution in 10 mM ascorbic acid was unaffected by the presence of arsenate for any of the iron oxides and the arsenate was not reduced to arsenite by ascorbic acid. During reductive dissolution of the iron oxides, arsenate was released incongruently with Fe2+ for all the iron oxides. For ferrihydrite and goethite, the arsenate remained adsorbed to the surface and was not released until the surface area became too small to adsorb all the arsenate. In contrast, arsenate preferentially desorbs from the surface of lepidocrocite. During Fe2+ catalysed transformation of ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite, arsenate became bound more strongly to the product phases. X-ray diffractograms showed that ferrihydrite was transformed into lepidocrocite, goethite and magnetite whereas lepidocrocite either remained untransformed or was transformed into magnetite. The rate of recrystallization of ferrihydrite was not affected by the presence of arsenate. The results presented here imply that during reductive dissolution of iron oxides in natural sediments there will be no simple correlation between the release of arsenate and Fe2+. Recrystallization of the more reactive iron oxides into more crystalline phases, induced by the appearance of Fe2+ in anoxic aquifers, may be an important trapping mechanism for arsenic.  相似文献   

12.
Amorphous ferric iron species (ferrihydrite or akaganeite of <5 nm in size) is the only known solid ferric iron oxide that can be reductively transformed by dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria to magnetite completely. The lepidocrocite crystallite can be transformed into magnetite in the presence of abiotic Fe(II) at elevated pH or biogenic Fe(II) with particular growth conditions. The reduction of lepidocrocite by dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria has been widely investigated showing varying results. Vali et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:16121–16126, 2004) captured a unique biologically mediated mineralization pathway where the amorphous hydrous ferric oxide transformed to lepidocrocite was followed by the complete reduction of lepidocrocite to single-domain magnetite. Here, we report the 57Fe Mössbauer hyperfine parameters of the time-course samples reported in Vali et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:16121–16126, 2004). Both the quadrupole splittings and linewidths of Fe(III) ions decrease consistently with the change of aqueous Fe(II) and transformations of mineral phases, showing the Fe(II)-mediated gradual regulation of the distorted coordination polyhedrons of Fe3+ during the biomineralization process. The aqueous Fe(II) catalyzes the transformations of Fe(III) minerals but does not enter the mineral structures until the mineralization of magnetite. The simulated abiotic reaction between Fe(II) and lepidocrocite in pH-buffered, anaerobic media shows the simultaneous formation of green rust and its gradual transformation to magnetite plus a small fraction of goethite. We suggested that the dynamics of Fe(II) supply is a critical factor for the mineral transformation in the dissimilatory iron-reducing cultures.  相似文献   

13.
The poorly crystalline Fe(III) hydroxide ferrihydrite is considered one of the most important sinks for (in)organic contaminants and nutrients within soils, sediments, and waters. The ripening of ferrihydrite to more stable and hence less reactive phases such as goethite is catalyzed by surface reaction with aqueous Fe(II). While ferrihydrite within most natural environments contains high concentrations of adsorbed or co-precipitated cations (particularly Al), little is known regarding the impact of these cations on Fe(II)-induced transformation of ferrihydrite to secondary phases. Accordingly, we explored the extent, rates, and pathways of Fe(II)-induced secondary mineralization of Al-ferrihydrites by reacting aqueous Fe(II) (0.2 and 2.0 mM) with 2-line ferrihydrite containing a range of Al levels substituted within (6-24 mol% Al) or adsorbed on the surface (0.1-27% Γmax). Here, we show that regardless of the Fe(II) concentration, Al substituted within or adsorbed on ferrihydrite results in diminished secondary mineralization and preservation of ferrihydrite. In contrast to pure ferrihydrite, the concentration of Fe(II) may not in fact influence the mineralization products of Al-compromised ferrihydrites. Furthermore, the secondary mineral profiles upon Fe(II) reaction with ferrihydrite are not only a function of Al concentration but also the mode of Al incorporation. While Al substitution impedes lepidocrocite formation and magnetite nucleation, Al adsorption completely inhibits goethite formation and appears to have a lesser impact on magnetite nucleation. When normalized to total Al content associated with ferrihydrite, Al adsorption results in greater degree of ferrihydrite preservation relative to Al substitution. These findings provide insight into mechanisms that may be responsible for ferrihydrite preservation and low levels of secondary magnetite typically found in sedimentary environments. Considering the preponderance of cation substitution within and adsorption on ferrihydrite in soils and sediments, the reactivity of natural (compromised) ferrihydrites and the subsequent impact on mineral evolution needs to be more fully explored.  相似文献   

14.
Evidence for a simple pathway to maghemite in Earth and Mars soils   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Soil magnetism is greatly influenced by maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), the presence of which is usually attributed to the following: (1) heating of goethite in the presence of organic matter; (2) oxidation of magnetite (Fe3O4); or (3) dehydroxylation of lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH). Formation of the latter two minerals in turn requires the presence of Fe(II) in the system. No laboratory experiment or soil study to date has shown whether maghemite can form from ferrihydrite, a poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide [∼Fe4.5(O,OH,H2O)13.5], below 250°C. However, ferrihydrite is the usual precursor of goethite (α-FeOOH) and hematite (α-Fe2O3), the most frequently occurring crystalline Fe(III) oxides in soils. Here is presented in vitro evidence that ferryhidrite can partly transform into maghemite at 150°C. This transformation occurs upon aging of ferrihydrite precipitated in the presence of phosphate or other ligands capable of ligand exchange with Fe-OH surface groups. This maghemite coexists with hematite and is a transient phase in the transformation of ferrihydrite to hematite, which is apparently stabilized by the adsorbed ligands. Its particle size is small (10 to 30 nm), and its X-ray diffraction pattern exhibits superstructure reflections. The possible formation of maghemite in Mars and in different Earth soils can partly be explained in the light of this pathway with minimal ad hoc assumptions.  相似文献   

15.
Iron (hydr)oxides not only serve as potent sorbents and repositories for nutrients and contaminants but also provide a terminal electron acceptor for microbial respiration. The microbial reduction of Fe (hydr)oxides and the subsequent secondary solid-phase transformations will, therefore, have a profound influence on the biogeochemical cycling of Fe as well as associated metals. Here we elucidate the pathways and mechanisms of secondary mineralization during dissimilatory iron reduction by a common iron-reducing bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens (strain CN32), of 2-line ferrihydrite under advective flow conditions. Secondary mineralization of ferrihydrite occurs via a coupled, biotic-abiotic pathway primarily resulting in the production of magnetite and goethite with minor amounts of green rust. Operating mineralization pathways are driven by competing abiotic reactions of bacterially generated ferrous iron with the ferrihydrite surface. Subsequent to the initial sorption of ferrous iron on ferrihydrite, goethite (via dissolution/reprecipitation) and/or magnetite (via solid-state conversion) precipitation ensues resulting in the spatial coupling of both goethite and magnetite with the ferrihydrite surface. The distribution of goethite and magnetite within the column is dictated, in large part, by flow-induced ferrous Fe profiles. While goethite precipitation occurs over a large Fe(II) concentration range, magnetite accumulation is only observed at concentrations exceeding 0.3 mmol/L (equivalent to 0.5 mmol Fe[II]/g ferrihydrite) following 16 d of reaction. Consequently, transport-regulated ferrous Fe profiles result in a progression of magnetite levels downgradient within the column. Declining microbial reduction over time results in lower Fe(II) concentrations and a subsequent shift in magnetite precipitation mechanisms from nucleation to crystal growth. While the initial precipitation rate of goethite exceeds that of magnetite, continued growth is inhibited by magnetite formation, potentially a result of lower Fe(III) activity. Conversely, the presence of lower initial Fe(II) concentrations followed by higher concentrations promotes goethite accumulation and inhibits magnetite precipitation even when Fe(II) concentrations later increase, thus revealing the importance of both the rate of Fe(II) generation and flow-induced Fe(II) profiles. As such, the operating secondary mineralization pathways following reductive dissolution of ferrihydrite at a given pH are governed principally by flow-regulated Fe(II) concentration, which drives mineral precipitation kinetics and selection of competing mineral pathways.  相似文献   

16.
The Fe(II)-catalysed transformation of synthetic schwertmannite, ferrihydrite, jarosite and lepidocrocite to more stable, crystalline Fe(III) oxyhydroxides is prevented by high, natural concentrations of Si and natural organic matter (NOM). Adsorption isotherms demonstrate that Si adsorbs to the iron minerals investigated and that increasing amounts of adsorbed Si results in a decrease in isotope exchange between aqueous Fe(II) and the Fe(III) mineral. This suggests that the adsorption of Si inhibits the direct adsorption of Fe(II) onto the mineral surface, providing an explanation for the inhibitory effect of Si on the Fe(II)-catalysed transformation of Fe(III) minerals. During the synthesis of lepidocrocite and ferrihydrite, the presence of equimolar concentrations of Si and Fe resulted in the formation of 2-line ferrihydrite containing co-precipitated Si in both cases. Isotope exchange experiments conducted with this freeze-dried Si co-precipitated ferrihydrite species (Si-ferrihydrite) demonstrated that the rate and extent of isotope exchange between aqueous Fe(II) and solid 55Fe(III) was very similar to that of 2-line ferrihydrite formed in the absence of Si and which had not been allowed to dry. In contrast to un-dried ferrihydrite formed in the absence of Si, Si-ferrihydrite did not transform into a more crystalline Fe(III) mineral phase over the 7-day period of investigation. Reductive dissolution studies using ascorbic acid demonstrated that both dried Si-ferrihydrite and un-dried 2-line ferrihydrite were very reactive, suggesting these species may be major contributors to the rapid release of dissolved iron following flooding and the onset of conditions conducive to reductive dissolution in acid sulphate soil environments.  相似文献   

17.
Ferrihydrite (2.5 Fe2O2-4.5 H2O) is an unstable colloidal mineral. It dissolves in highly alkaline solutions and is precipitated from them in the form of goethite. Jarosite is stable at very low pH but is decomposed at higher values of pH with separation of iron oxides. Experiments show that in rapid decomposition of jarosite a protohematite substance, ferrihydrite, is formed. This transformation occurs at moderate pH values when solutions percolate through the aggregates of jarosite. Ferrihydrite, an unstable colloidal hydrated oxide of ferric iron, changes spontaneously to stable hematite with time. Very slow decomposition of jarosite results in its replacement by iron hydroxide, goethite. Under laboratory conditions in alkaline solutions lepidocrocite may be obtained from jarosite. The synthesis of this iron hydroxide passes through a stage of intermediate products: ferrihydrite and hydrated ferric oxide - ferriprotolepidocrocite, formed by solution of ferrihydrite in strongly alkaline solutions. The transformation of ferriprotolepidocrocite into lepidocrocite may be regarded as a topotactic reaction. —Authors.  相似文献   

18.
新疆滴水铜矿床位于库车拗陷盆地西南缘,为典型新生代陆相砂岩型铜矿床.矿体呈层状,主要产于上覆灰色泥灰岩与下伏灰白色中粗粒/中细粒砂岩接触部位.矿体品位与Fe2+呈显著正相关而与Fe3+呈负相关.矿石矿物以赤铜矿为主.综合研究认为,新疆滴水铜矿形成经历了原生沉积—成岩期改造—表生氧化淋滤几个阶段,矿床应属于沉积改造型陆相砂岩铜矿床.  相似文献   

19.
Fe cycling at two sites in the Mediterranean Sea (southwest of Rhodes and in the North Aegean) has been studied, combining the pore water determination of nutrients, manganese, and iron, citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CDB) and total sediment extractions, X-ray diffraction, and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy (MBS). At the Rhodes site, double peaks in the CDB-extractable Mn and Fe profiles indicate non-steady-state diagenesis. The crystalline iron oxide hematite, identified at both sites by room temperature (RT) MBS, appears to contribute little to the overall Fe reduction. MBS at liquid helium temperature (LHT) revealed that the reactive sedimentary Fe oxide phase was nanophase goethite, not ferrihydrite as is usually assumed. The pore water data at both sites indicates that upon reductive dissolution of nanophase goethite, the upward diffusing dissolved Fe2+ is oxidized by Mn oxides, rather than by nitrate or oxygen. The observed oxidation of Fe2+ by Mn oxides may be more common than previously thought but not obvious in sediments where the nitrate penetration depth coincides with the Mn oxide peak. At the Rhodes site, the solid-phase Fe(II) increase occurred at a shallower depth than the accumulation of dissolved Fe2+ in the pore water. The deeper relict Mn oxide peak acts as an oxidation barrier for the upward diffusing dissolved Fe2+, thereby keeping the pore water Fe2+ at depth. At the North Aegean site, the solid-phase Fe(II) increase occurs at approximately the same depth as the increase in dissolved Fe2+ in the pore water. Overall, the use of RT and cryogenic MBS provided insight into the solid-phase Fe(II) gradient and allowed identification of the sedimentary Fe oxides: hematite, maghemite, and nanophase goethite.  相似文献   

20.
Bioreduced anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AH2DS; dihydro-anthraquinone) was reacted with a 2-line, Si-substituted ferrihydrite under anoxic conditions at neutral pH in PIPES buffer. Phosphate (P) and bicarbonate (C); common adsorptive oxyanions and media/buffer components known to effect ferrihydrite mineralization; and Fe(II)aq (as a catalytic mineralization agent) were used in comparative experiments. Heterogeneous AH2DS oxidation coupled with Fe(III) reduction occurred within 0.13-1 day, with mineralogic transformation occurring thereafter. The product suite included lepidocrocite, goethite, and/or magnetite, with proportions varing with reductant:oxidant ratio (r:o) and the presence of P or C. Lepidocrocite was the primary product at low r:o in the absence of P or C, with evidence for multiple formation pathways. Phosphate inhibited reductive recrystallization, while C promoted goethite formation. Stoichiometric magnetite was the sole product at higher r:o in the absence and presence of P. Lepidocrocite was the primary mineralization product in the Fe(II)aq system, with magnetite observed at near equal amounts when Fe(II) was high [Fe(II)/Fe(III)] = 0.5 and P was absent. P had a greater effect on reductive mineralization in the Fe(II)aq system, while AQDS was more effective than Fe(II)aq in promoting magnetite formation. The mineral products of the direct AH2DS-driven reductive reaction are different from those observed in AH2DS-ferrihydite systems with metal reducing bacteria, particularly in presence of P.  相似文献   

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