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1.
The Body of Knowledge for Geographic Information Science and Technology (GIS&T BoK) has been the main reference document for curriculum design in the geospatial domain. Today, the BoK is supposed to have fallen short in adequately covering the domain due to significant conceptual and technological advances in the field. Thus, several initiatives around the globe work towards an update of the GIS&T BoK. This research assesses the demands of today's GIS&T workforce across Europe to contribute to the effort of a demand‐oriented update. We assessed the workforce demand by means of a Europe‐wide distributed online questionnaire and complementary expert interviews. The results show that the BoK still is a comprehensive reference base for the geospatial domain that is generally deemed relevant by the European workforce. However, workforce demands point to three main topics that need to be addressed by an update of the BoK: (1) the shift from primary data acquisition to the handling of highly abundant spatial data; (2) a lack of competences in programming and application development; and (3) a poor coverage of web‐related aspects. Future research should complement workforce demands with a review of the scientific literature to identify additional shortcomings related to conceptual advances. 相似文献
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Initiated by the University Consortium of Geographic Information Science (UCGIS), the GIS&T Body of Knowledge (BoK) is a community-driven endeavor to define, develop, and document geospatial topics related to geographic information science and technologies (GIS&T). In recent years, GIS&T BoK has undergone rigorous development in terms of its topic re-organization and content updating, resulting in a new digital version of the project. While the BoK topics provide useful materials for researchers and students to learn about GIS, the semantic relationships among the topics, such as semantic similarity, should also be identified so that a better and automated topic navigation can be achieved. Currently, the related topics are either defined manually by editors or authors, which may result in an incomplete assessment of topic relationships. To address this challenge, our research evaluates the effectiveness of multiple natural language processing (NLP) techniques in extracting semantics from text, including both deep neural networks and traditional machine learning approaches. Besides, a novel text summarization—KACERS (Keyword-Aware Cross-Encoder-Ranking Summarizer)—is proposed to generate a semantic summary of scientific publications. By identifying the semantic linkages among key topics, this work guides the future development and content organization of the GIS&T BoK project. It also offers a new perspective on the use of machine learning techniques for analyzing scientific publications and demonstrates the potential of the KACERS summarizer in semantic understanding of long text documents. 相似文献
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地理信息系统是一种信息处理工具,它以计算机为处理平台进行地理空间分析。村庄规划是我国城市规划中最基层的规划,本文将GIS技术引入到村庄规划编制工作中,探讨了ArcGIS软件在村庄规划中的应用,改进了以往的规划工作思想和技术路线,具体分析了村庄规划编制的方法和技巧,提高了村庄规划的科学性、实用性、规范性和准确性。 相似文献
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随着地理信息系统的出现和不断发展, 20世纪90年代提出的地理信息科学已经逐渐成为一门介于地理学、信息科学和测绘学等多学科交叉的新兴学科。秉承地理信息科学仍然是一个开放知识体系的基本判断, 从地理信息科学的上位学科地理学、信息科学、地球观测科学的基础学科特征出发, 重点论述其基础性和科学属性, 进而探讨了地理信息科学进一步发展的基础学科范式, 为地理信息科学知识体系的不断完善、加强地理信息科学的科学性、基础性和系统性提供潜在的发展路径。 相似文献
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Kamlesh Lulla Michael Helfert Victor Whitehead David Amsbury Michael Coats John Blaha 《国际地球制图》2013,28(4):67-80
Abstract Today's Geography graduates are employed by a diverse set of employers, and the jobs these individuals fill are as varied as the field of Geography itself. Geographers who join corporate workplace teams may need to find common grounds for communication with their business school‐trained colleagues. This cross‐disciplinary study examines the curricula of introductory courses in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and one of its business counterparts, Accounting Information Systems (AIS), through an analysis of GIS and AIS textbooks. The findings suggest that there are areas in which shared background exists. Introductory information about systems, and an understanding of database architectures are the most likely areas of commonality; depending on which GIS text was used during the geographer's training, the geographer may also share background in such areas as systems analysis, database management systems, and data modeling. 相似文献
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Anyone involved in teaching the principles and applications of geographic information science and technology (GIS&T) understands the challenges of effective instruction within an environment subject to nearly constant change. Indeed, the dynamic nature of GIS&T introduces both new paradigms and increasingly powerful tools for exploring spatial relationships. However, while past efforts among educators and practitioners have identified knowledge and competencies important to GIS&T learning, less attention has been directed at methods used to teach GIS&T. For example, while some instructors employ traditional approaches such as lectures and structured laboratory exercises, others have shifted to active learning strategies such as “flipped classrooms” and collaborative, project‐oriented assignments. In this article, we assess the pedagogical approaches used to teach GIS&T courses through an Internet‐based survey of 318 college and university faculty. Our findings demonstrate that active learning pedagogies are becoming more firmly established, supplementing or replacing traditional teaching approaches. Contrary to our assumptions, age and teaching experience are not factors that influence the adoption of active learning strategies. Along with assessing instructional approaches, our survey identifies the challenges associated with teaching GIS&T, as identified by survey respondents. 相似文献
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公路资产包括基础设施及其附属设施等有形资产和相关的设备资源、人力调配等无形资产两部分。实现公路资产的数字化管理是数字交通、智慧交通的基础。本文以辽宁某县为实验区,研究提出了公路资产数据的分类体系及数据标准,基于地理信息系统(GIS)技术构建了公路资产数据库,实现了公路资产数据的可视化表达与管理,为该县公路的信息化管理奠定了坚实的地理空间数据基础,具有推广应用价值。 相似文献
8.
空间信息技术在土地利用规划中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刘杰 《测绘与空间地理信息》2008,31(2):137-139
空间信息技术是信息技术的一个方面,它与土地利用规划密切相关。为了使空间信息技术在土地利用规划中发挥更大的作用,本文分别分析了空间信息技术中摄影测量与遥感(RS)、全球定位系统(GPS)和地理信息系统(GIS)在土地利用规划中的作用,在此基础上提出了空间信息技术在土地利用规划中的应用前景。 相似文献
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Geographic Information System (GIS) software is constrained, to a greater or lesser extent, by a static world view that is not well-suited to the representation of time (Goodchild 2000). Space Time Intelligence System (STIS) software holds the promise of relaxing some of the technological constraints of spatial only GIS, making possible visualization approaches and analysis methods that are appropriate for temporally dynamic geospatial data. This special issue of the Journal of Geographical Systems describes some recent advances in STIS technology and methods, with an emphasis on applications in public health and spatial epidemiology.The STIS expert workshops were funded in part by grants R01CA092669 and R01CA096002 from the National Cancer Institute, and by grants R43-ES010220 and R44-ES010220 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Gillian AvRuskin provided cheerful editorial assistance. We thank the participants at the workshops for providing invaluable expertise and critical insights. 相似文献
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基于GIS的广播电视场强覆盖计算方法研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
就地理信息系统(GIS)在广播电视政务中的应用进行论述,通过分析GIS的优势与特点,阐述了基于GIS技术的广播电视场强覆盖计算方法,具有一定的现实意义。 相似文献
11.
王家耀 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2022,47(10):1535-1545
在Geographic Information System（GIS）近60年的发展演进中,理论和技术都取得了长足的进步;应用领域扩大到社会的方方面面,社会影响力越来越大;体系结构、开发模式和服务模式等都发生了深刻的变化。为了推动GISystem进一步向前发展,在综述GIS中之“S”的三种含义即System（系统）、Science（科学）和Service（服务）以及GIS近60年来取得的丰硕成果的基础上,重点就以下三个问题进行了讨论:（1）如何认识地理信息系统（GISystem）。首先解析地理信息系统的三个关键词（系统、信息、地理信息）,据此论述了地理信息系统的内涵,分析了地理信息系统同地图、计算机地图制图、地图数据库的关系,认为地理信息系统源于又超越了地图、计算机地图制图和地图数据库,并认为地理信息系统具有装备的特性。（2）地理信息系统是怎样发展演进的。重点分析了由“地理信息系统”到“地理信息服务”的发展演进的社会需求背景、技术背景、学科背景,从应用领域、数据资源和功能的扩展及体系结构、开发模式和服务模式等方面,分析了地理信息系统发展演进的主要表现。（3）地理信息系统的未来发展将走向何方。首先,讨论了正确理解地理信息系统应用领域扩展的问题,认为应用领域的扩展不可能是“无边无际”的;地理信息系统的未来发展必须面向国家经济建设和国防建设急需;在分析比较现有三种GISystem服务模式的基础上,认为采用“网格集成”与“弹性云”的“混合式”技术体制是GISystem服务模式的最佳选择;提出了基于“网格集成”与“弹性云”的“混合式”的时空大数据平台技术实现必须解决的6个关键技术问题和“时空大数据平台”的应用模式。 相似文献
12.
A classification of water erosion models according to their geospatial characteristics 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(3):229-250
In this article, an extensive inventory in the literature of water erosion modelling from a geospatial point of view is conducted. Concepts of scale, spatiality and complexity are explored and clarified in a theoretical background. Use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is pointed out as facilitating data mixing and model rescaling and thus increasing complexity in data-method relations. Spatial scale, temporal scale and spatial methodologies are addressed as the most determining geospatial properties underlying water erosion modelling. Setting these properties as classification criteria, 82 water erosion models are identified and classified into eight categories. As a result, a complete overview of water erosion models becomes available in a single table. The biggest share of the models is found in the category of the mechanistic pathway-type event-based models for watershed to landscape scales. In parallel, geospatial innovations that could be considered as milestones in water erosion modelling are highlighted and discussed. An alphabetical list of all models is also listed in the Appendix. For manipulating scale efficiently, two promising spatial theories are suggested for further exploitation in the future such as hierarchy theory and fractals theory. Regarding erosion applications, uncertainty analysis within GIS is considered to be necessary for further improving performance of erosion models. 相似文献
13.
本文就地理信息系统(GIS)在广播电视政务中的应用进行论述,通过分析GIS的优势与特点,阐述了基于GIS技术的广播电视场强覆盖计算方法,具有一定的现实意义。 相似文献
14.
Despite advancements in geographic information system (GIS) technology, the efficient and effective utilization of GIS to solve geospatial problems is a daunting process requiring specialized knowledge and skills. Two of the most important and burdensome tasks in this process are interpretation of geospatial queries and mapping the interpreted results into geospatial data models and geoprocessing operations. With the current state of GIS, there exists a gap between the knowledge user's possess and the knowledge and skills they need to utilize GIS for solving problems. Currently, users resort to training and practice on GIS technology or involving GIS experts. Neither of these options is optimal and there is a need for a new approach that automates geoprocessing tasks using GIS technology. This paper presents an ontological engineering methodology that uses multiple ontologies and the mappings among them to automate certain tasks related to interpretation of geospatial queries and mapping the interpreted results into geospatial data models and geoprocessing operations. The presented methodology includes conceptualization of geospatial queries, knowledge representation for queries, techniques for relating elements in different ontologies, and an algorithm that uses ontologies to map queries to geoprocessing operations. 相似文献
15.
地理信息系统(GIS)专业实践教学系统构建 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
GIS是一门实践性很强学科,GIS人才不但要有深厚的理论基础,而且要掌握过硬的实践技术,实践教学在培养学生的创新思维、科研能力方面的作用重大。本文在分析国内外实践教学现状的基础上,建立了GIS专业实践教学系统,探讨了GIS主要实践能力,阐述了GIS实践教学体系,提出了GIS实践教学模式。认为GIS教学必须以理论为指导,以技术为核心,积极开展GIS实践创新。 相似文献
16.
《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(4):383-403
Abstract Geospatial simulation models can help us understand the dynamic aspects of Digital Earth. To implement high-performance simulation models for complex geospatial problems, grid computing and cloud computing are two promising computational frameworks. This research compares the benefits and drawbacks of both in Web-based frameworks by testing a parallel Geographic Information System (GIS) simulation model (Schelling's residential segregation model). The parallel GIS simulation model was tested on XSEDE (a representative grid computing platform) and Amazon EC2 (a representative cloud computing platform). The test results demonstrate that cloud computing platforms can provide almost the same parallel computing capability as high-end grid computing frameworks. However, cloud computing resources are more accessible to individual scientists, easier to request and set up, and have more scalable software architecture for on-demand and dedicated Web services. These advantages may attract more geospatial scientists to utilize cloud computing for the development of Digital Earth simulation models in the future. 相似文献
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伴随着GIS技术的逐步发展和日渐成熟,人们对地理信息提出了更高的要求,促进了地理信息系统向地理信息服务方向发展。地理信息服务主要包括数据服务和处理服务两部分,目前,大多数厂商提供的地理信息服务仅局限于数据服务层面,处理服务较少实现。本文通过对处理服务原理及构建方法的研究,基于国家基础地理信息中心的全球地表覆盖动态信息系统,在Visual Studio 2010平台下实现了将功能封装为处理服务,并在服务流程编排的基础上实现处理服务的调用。 相似文献
20.
地理信息系统(GIS)作为实践应用性很强的空间信息处理技术,高校专业教学课程体系设置中与之相关的课程开设较繁杂,内容多有交叉重复,为了完善GIS技术类课程教学体系结构,提高GIS技术人才培养质量,针对GIS技术的知识结构特点,本文在分析GIS技术的知识结构层次基础上,对GIS技术类课程进行了分类和整合,在教学实践中给出了一个较为合理的课程体系规划设计. 相似文献