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1.
A Hybrid Spatio-Temporal Data Model and Structure (HST-DMS) for Efficient Storage and Retrieval of Land Use Information 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
While the incorporation of geographical and environmental modeling with GIS requires software support for storage and retrieval of spatial information that changes over time, it continues to be an unresolved issue with modern GIS software. Two complementary approaches have been used to manage the spatial and temporal heterogeneity within datasets that use a field‐based representation of the world. Some researchers have proposed new data models that partition space into discrete elements on an as‐needed basis following each temporal event, while others have focused on eliminating duplication of repeated data elements present in spatio‐temporal information. It is proposed in this paper that both approaches have merit and can be combined to create a Hybrid Spatio‐Temporal Data Model and Structure (HST‐DMS) that efficiently supports spatio‐temporal data storage and querying. Specifically, Peuquet and Duan's (1995) Event‐based Spatio‐Temporal Data Model (ESTDM) and the Overlapping R‐tree (Guttman 1984, Tzourmanis et al. 2000) are utilized to create a prototype used to store information about urban expansion for the town of Carbondale, Illinois. 相似文献
2.
Mining Association Rules in Spatio-Temporal Data: An Analysis of Urban Socioeconomic and Land Cover Change 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
This research demonstrates the application of association rule mining to spatio‐temporal data. Association rule mining seeks to discover associations among transactions encoded in a database. An association rule takes the form A→B where A (the antecedent) and B (the consequent) are sets of predicates. A spatio‐temporal association rule occurs when there is a spatio‐temporal relationship in the antecedent or consequent of the rule. As a case study, association rule mining is used to explore the spatial and temporal relationships among a set of variables that characterize socioeconomic and land cover change in the Denver, Colorado, USA region from 1970–1990. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)‐based data pre‐processing is used to integrate diverse data sets, extract spatio‐temporal relationships, classify numeric data into ordinal categories, and encode spatio‐temporal relationship data in tabular format for use by conventional (non‐spatio‐temporal) association rule mining software. Multiple level association rule mining is supported by the development of a hierarchical classification scheme (concept hierarchy) for each variable. Further research in spatio‐temporal association rule mining should address issues of data integration, data classification, the representation and calculation of spatial relationships, and strategies for finding ‘interesting’ rules. 相似文献
3.
As tools for collecting data continue to evolve and improve, the information available for research is expanding rapidly. Increasingly, this information is of a spatio‐temporal nature, which enables tracking of phenomena through both space and time. Despite the increasing availability of spatio‐temporal data, however, the methods for processing and analyzing these data are lacking. Existing geocoding techniques are no exception. Geocoding enables the geographic location of people and events to be known and tracked. However, geocoded information is highly generalized and subject to various interpolation errors. In addition, geocoding for spatio‐temporal data is especially challenging because of the inherent dynamism of associated data. This article presents a methodology for geocoding spatio‐temporal data in ArcGIS that utilizes several additional supporting procedures to enhance spatial accuracy, including the use of supplementary land use information, aerial photographs and local knowledge. This hybrid methodology allows for the tracking of phenomenon through space and over time. It is also able to account for reporting inconsistencies, which is a common feature of spatio‐temporal data. The utility of this methodology is demonstrated using an application to spatio‐temporal address records for a highly mobile group of convicted felons in Hamilton County, Ohio. 相似文献
4.
土地利用动态监测中的时空数据模型研究 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
针对传统GIS数据模型存在的问题,开展了基于特征的时空数据模型研究.结合我国土地利用动态监测,提出了一个新的时空数据模型-基于变化特征状态的时空数据模型(SCFSTDM),该模型保持了地理现象的完整性,地理信息的完备性以及时空专题信息的有机集成,模型有利于面向目标定向分析方法的应用和时空分析与推理的实现,有利于地理数据的共享,设计和开发了基于SCFSTDM的时态土地利用信息系统,实现了基于特征实例的时空复合查询,时空推理以及动态播放等功能. 相似文献
5.
Integrated compression of vehicle spatio‐temporal trajectories under the road stroke network constraint 
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下载免费PDF全文 With fast growth of all kinds of trajectory datasets, how to effectively manage the trajectory data of moving objects has received a lot of attention. This study proposes a spatio‐temporal data integrated compression method of vehicle trajectories based on stroke paths coding compression under the road stroke network constraint. The road stroke network is first constructed according to the principle of continuous coherence in Gestalt psychology, and then two types of Huffman tree—a road strokes Huffman tree and a stroke paths Huffman tree—are built, based respectively on the importance function of road strokes and vehicle visiting frequency of stroke paths. After the vehicle trajectories are map matched to the spatial paths in the road network, the Huffman codes of the road strokes and stroke paths are used to compress the trajectory spatial paths. An opening window algorithm is used to simplify the trajectory temporal data depicted on a time–distance polyline by setting the maximum allowable speed difference as the threshold. Through analysis of the relative spatio‐temporal relationship between the preceding and latter feature tracking points, the spatio‐temporal data of the feature tracking points are all converted to binary codes together, accordingly achieving integrated compression of trajectory spatio‐temporal data. A series of comparative experiments between the proposed method and representative state‐of‐the‐art methods are carried out on a real massive taxi trajectory dataset from five aspects, and the experimental results indicate that our method has the highest compression ratio. Meanwhile, this method also has favorable performance in other aspects: compression and decompression time overhead, storage space overhead, and historical dataset training time overhead. 相似文献
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回顾了两种类型的时空数据模型，发展了面向对象的规划道路中线时空数据模型，进一步实现了对规划道路中线对象的查询及更新维护。该模型具有充分利用GIS已有的空间分析和方便实现时态分析的功能，同时也具有数据维护和历史数据恢复方便简单，空间信息没有冗余，时态信息冗余小，且能表达变化原因等特点。 相似文献
7.
随着云计算技术的不断发展,大数据与信息化时代的优势越来越突出,应用越来越广泛。时空信息平台作为智慧城市建设的重要内容,管理海量基础地理信息数据,是智慧城市建设的基础。因此,海量数据的管理成为时空信息平台设计的关键。以智慧唐山建设为例,结合云计算技术,探讨时空信息平台数据库的构建,针对云平台基础地理信息数据体系、云平台数据库体系架构以及云平台数据库管理系统等方面进行设计,明确基于云计算时空信息平台数据库建设内容,探讨适用于智慧城市建设的时空信息云平台解决方案。 相似文献
8.
集成GIS和细胞自动机模型进行地理时空过程模拟与预测的新方法 总被引：42，自引：2，他引：42
目前商用地理信息系统（GIS）不能完整地表达地理实体的时态信息和时空关系，缺乏时空分析和时空动态模拟的能力，这已成为GIS界的一个共识，然而，未来GIS在各应用领域的深入发展以及在实现“数字地球”战略过程中，都要求发展新的时空分析和模拟方法，细胞自动机（Cellular Automaton)是一种“自下而上”的动态模拟建模框架，具有模拟地理复要系统时空演化过程的能力，首先将标准CA模型的4元组进行扩展以满足GIS环境下时空动态模型的要求，然后以城市土地利用演化这一动态过程为例，建立了土地利用演化动态模拟与预测模型（LESP），最后运用此模型对包头市城市扩展和土地可持续利用演化进行了比较成功的模拟和预测。 相似文献
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地理信息系统中时空多维数据可视化技术研究 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
将科学可视化技术应用于地理信息系统之中,增强地理信息系统对时空多维数据的显示,处理胆当前的研究热点之一。通过对现有地理数据组织,显示简便概述的基础上,提出一种基于体素的时空多维数据组织方式。并通过二维,三维显示及动画形式的研究,从技术上对科学可视化与地理信息系统的结合进行初步的探索。 相似文献
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GIS中面向对象时空数据模型 总被引：105，自引：4，他引：105
由于当前的地理信息系统软件难以处理时态现象，时态数据模型已忧为ＧＩＳ领域的一个研究热点。许多学者提出了多种时态数据模型。本文作者在提出了矢量栅格一体化的面向对象数据模型之后，再一次对时态问题进行了分析研究，净面向对象的数据模型扩充到时间维。有三种方法表达空间对象的历史变化。第一种是将版本信息记录在关系表上；第二种是将版本信息标记在记录上；第三种是将版本信息标记在属性上。本文采用面向对象的方法，将版 相似文献
13.
杜清运 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1998,(4)
在分析传统地理信息系统理论主要缺陷的基础上,将语言学引入地理信息系统,提出了数字环境下空间信息结构与表达的认识模型——空间信息的语言学模型,探讨了空间信息的语言学特征,主要是语言单位、语法及语义机制,并就其对地理信息系统各环节特别是空间信息的智能化数据处理所产生的影响进行了讨论。 相似文献
14.
Linwang Yuan Zhaoyuan Yu Shaofei Chen Wen Luo Yongjun Wang Guonian Lü 《Transactions in GIS》2010,14(Z1):59-83
Introducing Clifford algebra as the mathematical foundation, a unified spatio‐temporal data model and hierarchical spatio‐temporal index are constructed by linking basic data objects, like pointclouds and Spatio‐Temporal Hyper Cubes of different dimensions, within the multivector structure of Clifford algebra. The transformation from geographic space into homogeneous and conformal space means that geometric, metric and many other kinds of operators of Clifford algebra can be implemented and we then design the shortest path, high‐dimensional Voronoi and unified spatial‐temporal process analyses with spacetime algebra. Tests with real world data suggest these traditional GIS analysis algorithms can be extended and constructed under Clifford Algebra framework, which can accommodate multiple dimensions. The prototype software system CAUSTA (Clifford Algebra based Unified Spatial‐Temporal Analysis) provides a useful tool for investigating and modeling the distribution characteristics and dynamic process of complex geographical phenomena under the unified spatio‐temporal structure. 相似文献
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Many applications, in areas such as land use, traffic management and location aware services, involve the storage, analysis and sharing of spatio‐temporal data. The need to represent such data in a way that eases sharing across applications, has led to the development of the Geography Markup Language (GML), which provides a rich collection of constructs for representing spatial and associated aspatial data as XML documents. However, although there are a growing number of applications and tools that make use of GML, there are surprisingly few experience reports on the representation of data from existing applications or models using GML constructs. This paper provides one such report, describing the use of GML as an exchange format for the Tripod spatio‐historical database. This in turn involves identifying mappings between Tripod and GML constructs, and the development of a generic architecture for carrying out such mappings. The experience demonstrates that even though GML provides rich modelling facilities, the development of mappings from pre‐existing models can be challenging, as related constructs often provide semantically distinct capabilities. 相似文献
16.
Advancing New Testament interpretation through spatio‐temporal analysis: Demonstrated by case studies 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This article explores, via three case studies, how spatio‐temporal analysis can advance New Testament text interpretation. Acts 2, verse 9 to 11 is the text of study. Case study 1 applies network analysis to data representing the Roman road network constrained by parameters valid for ancient times. This analysis provided new information on the background of people attending a festival in Jerusalem. Case study 2 located geographical entities from the text in a cartographic visualization and provided supportive information to compare contemporary textual resources. For the disciplines of textual and conjectural criticism (case study 3), spatio‐temporal analysis opens a new window to study what would be the most probable variant of the original text. The case study puts emendations that have been proposed over centuries in a 3D spatial context and provides in this way a sophisticated tool to relate different alternative variants of a specific text. From the case studies, it can be concluded that spatializing, visualizing, and spatially analyzing geographical concepts from the texts in Acts 2 contributes to the field of New Testament interpretation. Further work will elaborate on the findings. 相似文献
17.
Diego Bogado Tomasiello Mariana Giannotti Renato Arbex Clodoveu Davis 《Transactions in GIS》2019,23(2):203-223
Vehicle tracking is a spatio‐temporal source of high‐granularity travel time information that can be used for transportation planning. However, it is still a challenge to combine data from heterogeneous sources into a dynamic transport network, while allowing for network modifications over time. This article uses conceptual modeling to develop multi‐temporal transport networks in geographic information systems (GIS) for accessibility studies. The proposed multi‐temporal network enables accessibility studies with different temporal granularities and from any location inside the city, resulting in a flexible tool for transport and urban planning. The implemented network is tested in two case studies that focus on socially excluded people in a large global city, São Paulo, Brazil, including accessibility analyses from slum areas. It explores variations within a day and differences between transport modes across time. Case study results indicate how the accessibility is heterogeneous in low‐income regions. 相似文献
18.
Enhancing a GIS Cellular Automata Model of Land Use Change: Bayesian Networks, Influence Diagrams and Causality 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cellular Automata (CA) models at present do not adequately take into account the relationship and interactions between variables. However, land use change is influenced by multiple variables and their relationships. The objective of this study is to develop a novel CA model within a geographic information system (GIS) that consists of Bayesian Network (BN) and Influence Diagram (ID) sub‐models. Further, the proposed model is intended to simplify the definition of parameter values, transition rules and model structure. Multiple GIS layers provide inputs and the CA defines the transition rules by running the two sub‐models. In the BN sub‐model, land use drivers are encoded with conditional probabilities extracted from historical data to represent inter‐dependencies between the drivers. Using the ID sub‐model, the decision of changing from one land use state to another is made based on utility theory. The model was applied to simulate future land use changes in the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD), Canada from 2001 to 2031. The results indicate that the model is able to detect spatio‐temporal drivers and generate various scenarios of land use change making it a useful tool for exploring complex planning scenarios. 相似文献
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Rémy Thibaud Géraldine Del Mondo Thierry Garlan Ariane Mascret Christophe Carpentier 《Transactions in GIS》2013,17(5):742-762
Defining a model for the representation and the analysis of spatio‐temporal dynamics remains an open domain in geographical information sciences. In this article we investigate a spatio‐temporal graph‐based model dedicated to managing and extracting sets of geographical entities related in space and time. The approach is based on spatial and temporal local relations between neighboring entities during consecutive times. The model allows us to extract sets of connected entities distant in time and space over long periods and large spaces. From GIS concepts and qualitative reasoning on space and time, we combine the graph model with a dedicated spatial database. It includes information on geometry and geomorphometric parameters, and on spatial and temporal relations. This allows us to extend classical measurements of spatial parameters, with comparisons of entities linked by complex relations in space and time. As a case study, we show how the model suggests an efficient representation of dunes dynamics on a nautical chart for safe navigation. 相似文献
20.
The clustering of spatio‐temporal events has become one of the most important research branches of spatio‐temporal data mining. However, the discovery of clusters of spatio‐temporal events with different shapes and densities remains a challenging problem because of the subjectivity in the choice of two critical parameters: the spatio‐temporal window for estimating the density around each event, and the density threshold for evaluating the significance of clusters. To make the clustering of spatio‐temporal events objective, in this study these two parameters were adaptively generated from statistical information about the dataset. More precisely, the density threshold was statistically modeled as an adjusted significance level controlled by the cardinality and support domain of the dataset, and the appropriate sizes of spatio‐temporal windows for clustering were determined by the spatio‐temporal classification entropy and stability analysis. Experiments on both simulated and earthquake datasets were conducted, and the results show that the proposed method can identify clusters of different shapes and densities. 相似文献