共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
以受汶川“5.12”地震和“7.10”特大山洪泥石流灾害严重影响的汶川县原草坡乡为例，从农户风险感知现状出发，考察风险感知对搬迁意愿和搬迁行为的不同影响。研究结果表明：农户对自然灾害风险感知越强、对搬迁安置风险感知越弱，其搬迁意愿越强；较高的自然灾害风险感知会提高农户搬离灾害隐患点或风险区的概率，较强的搬迁安置风险感知会降低农户全家搬迁的可能性；搬迁安置风险感知对未搬迁和部分搬迁农户的影响程度超过自然灾害风险感知的影响。基于汶川县原草坡乡的实证研究，提出避灾搬迁安置决策中的“双重风险感知”假说。 相似文献
2.
The future impact of climate change will be a considerable challenge for all countries, and in particular Small Island Developing States. Challenges related to climate vulnerability and tenure security are exacerbated in areas of rapid urbanisation and urban growth, with highly vulnerable informal settlements a common result. Drawing on research into vulnerable informal settlements in the Greater Suva Urban Area in Fiji, this research seeks to better understand perceptions of climate vulnerability, adaptive capacity, tenure security and options for resettlement. This research confirmed that there are important linkages at the settlement level between tenure security, perception of vulnerability, and people’s ability to adapt. Two critical factors in any decision to resettle people are (i) providing tenure security for all people affected, and (ii) considering livelihood impacts as a result of resettlement. We conclude that vulnerability, tenure security and resettlement decisions are complex issues and specific to individual settlements, and to specific households within settlements. 相似文献
3.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):464-476
Abstract The fluidity of southern African families is related to a long history of internal and external migration. Currently, HIV/AIDS is having a dramatic impact on extended family structures, with the migration of individual members employed as a coping strategy. Children's migration is one aspect of this that is often distinct from that undertaken by other household members. This article is based on qualitative research conducted in Lesotho and Malawi with young migrants and the households that receive them. It examines the processes of fragmentation and re-formation of households through the movements of children that are taking place in response to HIV/AIDS, and explores the impacts these processes have on young migrants and the households they join. 相似文献
4.
Household structure is an important aspect of family change during China’s modernization process. Existing literature has demonstrated significant associations between various factors and household structure, but the spatial variation in these relationships has not been examined. Using the 2010 Chinese population census data and geographically weighted regression (GWR) model, this study explored the spatial patterns of three-generation lineal households, a functionally important household type in China, and its influencing factors. There was significant heterogeneity in the distribution of three-generation lineal households. Socioeconomic, demographic, and cultural factors were all significantly related to the proportion of three-generation lineal households, but the relationships are place-specific in terms of direction and magnitude. These results suggest that the distribution of Chinese household structures cannot be explained by a single framework of family modernization theory but is determined by the interplay of various local characteristics. Especially, population migration plays an equally important role in affecting household structure than socioeconomic development in China. This work contributes to the family literature by highlighting the spatial heterogeneity in the impact of varying factors on household structure. Beyond the classic modernization theory, it sets a contextualized framework for understanding how Chinese household change in response to the rapid social transformation. 相似文献
5.
This article develops an innovative and flexible Bayesian spatial multilevel model to examine the sociospatial variations in perceived neighborhood satisfaction, using a large-scale household satisfaction survey in Beijing. In particular, we investigate the impact of a variety of housing tenure types on neighborhood satisfaction, controlling for household and individual sociodemographic attributes and geographical contextual effects. The proposed methodology offers a flexible framework for modeling spatially clustered survey data widely used in social science research by explicitly accounting for spatial dependence and heterogeneity effects. The results show that neighborhood satisfaction is influenced by individual, locational, and contextual factors. Homeowners, except those of resettlement housing, tend to be more satisfied with their neighborhood environment than renters. Moreover, the impacts of housing tenure types on satisfaction vary significantly in different neighborhood contexts and spatial locations. 相似文献
6.
Brooke Wilmsen 《Urban geography》2018,39(3):345-366
Over the next two decades, China, the country with the world’s largest urban population, is orchestrating the urbanization of some 300 million rural people. In its National New-Type Urbanization Plan (2014) the State Council has outlined a range of strategies to grow its cities not least of which is rural-to-urban migration. This plan will have significant effects on other types of displacement, particularly, the forced displacement and resettlement of those living in the path of large dams. This paper reviews what is known about New-Type Urbanization Approach to Reservoir Resettlement. Then, based on a longitudinal study of 145 resettled households at the Three Gorges Dam, the livelihood effects of rural-to-urban resettlement are unpacked to provide lessons for its use in advancing urbanization. It finds that rural-to-urban resettlers have lower incomes than their urban-to-urban and rural-to-rural counterparts, and higher rates of food and income insecurity. 相似文献
7.
基于2016年农户访谈和调查数据，依托脆弱度整合评价模型（VSD）从暴露度、敏感性、适应能力3个层次共选取了29个指标，构建了宁夏生态移民安置区人地耦合系统脆弱性评价指标体系，使用熵权法、综合指数法及函数模型评价法评价和分析其脆弱程度、特征和空间分异，并借助障碍度模型对脆弱性障碍因子进行了识别。结果表明：（1）宁夏生态移民脆弱性呈现明显的“级差化”分异特征，平均脆弱性指数为0.151 1，总体处于较强脆弱状态。（2）宁夏生态移民人地耦合系统整体较为脆弱，表现为：中部干旱带>北部引黄灌区>南部山区，在空间上呈现“中部高南北低”的地域分布特征。暴露度表现为：南部山区>中部干旱带>北部引黄灌区；敏感性表现为：中部干旱带>北部引黄灌区>南部山区；适应能力表现为：南部山区>北部引黄灌区>中部干旱带。（3）成年劳动力受教育程度、家庭成年劳动力职业技能水平、是否参与社区建设和社区管理、能否获得贷款机会、对土地质量满意度（温棚）和家庭借贷金额等是影响宁夏生态移民安置区人地耦合系统脆弱性的主导因素。 相似文献
8.
A number of studies have indicated that the long term habitability of Kiribati, a low‐lying country in the central tropical Pacific Ocean, is tenuous given the impacts of climate change, particularly sea level rise. In an effort to plan for the resultant challenges ahead, a number of national policies and programs have surfaced to reduce the impact of localized changes on people's livelihoods. This study explores how local community members (n = 60) have taken it upon themselves to respond to the impacts of climate change by utilizing a number of different strategies. The results highlight that: first, respondents consider climate change to be the most concerning issue for sustaining their livelihoods; second, respondents have built physical defences, relocated temporarily or permanently, and sought government assistance to adapt to localized climate‐related impacts; and third, the majority of respondents indicated that they would migrate as a long term strategy to respond to the future impacts of climate change. 相似文献
9.
Sustainable Household Capability: which households are doing the work of environmental sustainability? 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Gordon Waitt Peter Caputi Chris Gibson Carol Farbotko Lesley Head Nick Gill 《The Australian geographer》2012,43(1):51-74
This paper presents a framework for analysing which households are doing ‘their bit’ for sustainability in an era of climate change, using a two-stage cluster analysis of sustainable household capabilities. The framework segments households by their reported level of commitment to ‘pro-sustainability’ practices common to conventional government policies. Results are presented from a large-scale survey of Wollongong households, New South Wales, Australia. Results illustrate the importance of approaching household sustainability through everyday practices. Attention is drawn to the wide variation in participation in specific household sustainability practices. Investigation into sustainable household capability by household segments shows the limits of even the most committed households. Results show the importance of socio-cultural contexts in differentiating sustainable household capabilities—with women, suburban-detached households and lower income segments of the population ultimately doing most of the work of being sustainable. 相似文献
10.
The fluidity of southern African families is related to a long history of internal and external migration. Currently, HIV/AIDS is having a dramatic impact on extended family structures, with the migration of individual members employed as a coping strategy. Children's migration is one aspect of this that is often distinct from that undertaken by other household members. This article is based on qualitative research conducted in Lesotho and Malawi with young migrants and the households that receive them. It examines the processes of fragmentation and re‐formation of households through the movements of children that are taking place in response to HIV/AIDS, and explores the impacts these processes have on young migrants and the households they join. 相似文献
11.
中国大城市拆迁安置居民补偿方式与受益率测度 ——以南京为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
拆迁安置补偿是城市内城改造与扩张过程中涉及拆迁居民利益的核心问题,拆迁安置家庭多个特征因影响补偿方式和受益率。针对补偿方式不同与受益率不同,分别采用二项逻辑回归与多元线性回归模型,对南京市4个安置区的349户拆迁安置居民家庭进行了实证分析,结果表明：① 对于实物补偿和货币补偿,城中村拆迁安置居民家庭和夫妻双方职业均为“无业”的家庭更容易获得实物补偿。② 单从经济角度来讲,城中村拆迁安置家庭成为拆迁安置家庭中的最大受益者,7人及以上的大家庭、高学历家庭也是货币补偿中的受益者。但其受益并非是由市场化的结果造成,而是市场作用与计划经济旧有制度的共同使然。因此,建立公平合理的补偿机制是解决问题的关键。 相似文献
12.
ABSTRACTEnvironmental change in small islands may be associated with migration as a means of adaptation. Both Manam and the Carteret Islands in Papua New Guinea (PNG) have experienced rapid- and slow-onset changes, respectively. These have been accompanied by the forced migration and ‘temporary’ resettlement of the Manam population and attempts at resettlement by Carteret Islanders. Neither has proved successful, thwarted by ‘host’ landowners, the impossibility of gaining adequate access to land and land rights, and government inactivity. Settlers have been perceived as outsiders and rival claimants to valuable coastal resources. Inability to resettle in national contexts raises issues of ambiguity, identity and citizenship. The problems experienced by quite small population groups moving short distances in similar cultural contexts are indicative of the potential future problems facing environmental migrants in other contexts. 相似文献
13.
Regional suitability for settling rural migrants in urban China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Despite rapid urbanization, more than 200 million people living in urban areas are still registered as ＇agricultural＇ and are ineligible for most social benefits under China＇s Hukou （or household registration） system. This paper identifies the regional suitability for settling rural migrants in urban China based on three indicators （the degree of urgency, the skills and ability of the resettled community to adapt, and the ability of the government to support that resettlement）. It takes 2008 government socioeconomic data from a county level into con- sideration. Spatial, statistical, and decision tree analyses, supported by SPSS, Geodata, and ArcGIS software, show that there are five separate population types, each with different de- grees of suitability. These include highly suitable region, region suitable for settling migrants to outside regions, region suitable for settling migrants from outside regions, region with moderate potential, and unsuitable region. This paper suggests that regional policies for set- tling rural migrants are meaningful, since the five regions are distributed relatively separately. Due to the suitability for different bodies across regions, equal treatment should be applied to both the native migrants and that across counties and provinces. Furthermore, demolishment of the social welfare discrimination adhered to Hukou system and equalization of basic public services will be of more practical significance than the so-called settling rural migrants ac- tively and steadily. 相似文献
14.
三峡库区消落带农户生态休耕经济补偿意愿及影响因素研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
针对农户开发利用消落带耕地对三峡库区的环境影响,从意愿角度对重庆市涪陵区、丰都区247户农户进行实地调研,采用多项Logistic回归模型分析法,定量分析农户对生态休耕经济补偿需求的影响因素,为构建三峡库区环境保护经济补偿机制提供建议。研究结果表明：① 农户的经济补偿需求意愿存在较大差异;② 生态休耕比较效益、家庭人口数、家庭年人均纯收入、生态休耕意愿指数、经济补偿期望值对农户生态休耕经济补偿需求影响显著。研究结论：三峡库区消落带的受访农户对生态休耕经济补偿的需求意愿较强,构建适当的经济补偿机制满足该地区农户的补偿诉求势在必行。 相似文献
15.
基于2018年中国流动人口动态监测数据,根据流动人口愿意在流入地居留时间的长短将居留意愿划分为短期居留意愿、长期居留意愿、永久居留意愿3种类型,运用空间分析技术和分层模型对中国地级及以上城市流动人口不同类型居留意愿的空间分异及影响因素进行对比分析。研究发现：具有短期和长期居留意愿的流动人口比例合计超过60%,表明两栖和多栖生计仍是流动人口的主导生计策略;短期和永久居留意愿在空间上存在明显的“一高一低”分布差异,短期居留意愿在东部地区最高,东北地区最低,永久居留意愿则呈完全相反的分布格局;中西部地区流动人口长期居留意愿最高。模型结果显示,流入地特征和流动人口个体特征共同影响着不同类型的居留意愿：在东部和中部、经济发达以及职工平均工资高的地区,流动人口短期和长期居留意愿较高,永久居留意愿较低;男性、农业户口、受教育程度和家庭月均收入低、在外流动时间短、跨省流动的流动人口倾向于短期和长期居留;而女性、非农业户口、受教育程度和家庭月均收入高、在省内流动、在外流动时间长的流动人口更愿意在流入地永久定居。 相似文献
16.
Brigitte Waldorf 《The Professional geographer》1995,47(2):125-136
This paper analyzes the determinants of international return migration intentions using survey data on guestworkers in Germany, 1970–1989. It is hypothesized that return migration intentions are influenced by personal attributes, residential and job satisfaction, and three time-dependent variables: a temporal trend, a duration effect, and years prior to retirement. The hypotheses are tested using logit models of the intention to return. The results indicate that return intention probabilities are strongly affected by satisfaction and time-dependent variables while the influence of personal attributes is of little importance. 相似文献
17.
Resettlement of people displaced by dam projects is an important development issue. Land lost due to the Three Gorges reservoir inundation and the adjustment of land-use policy in China resulted in land-use changes, and impacted on the human carrying capacity of the land and the land availability for resettlement. The Chinese government has implemented a ‘development-oriented resettlement’ policy and a ‘near resettlement’ approach to relocating rural dwellers affected by the Three Gorges Project (TGP). Based on recent land-use survey and population data of the case study area and using GIS-based multi-criteria analysis in land-use planning, this study analyses the characteristics and changes of land use in both the inundation and resettlement areas. Undeveloped land is scarce in both areas. The non-flooded cultivated land is distributed mainly on steep slopes (over 25 degrees). There is a discrepancy between the amount of land required by those being resettled and what is available in the designated resettlement communities. This study suggests that resettlement should consider the human carrying capacity of the land and, from a community standpoint, sheds light on the interplay between land-use planning and resettlement, and provides constructive suggestions for TGP resettlement strategies. 相似文献
18.
欠发达农区外出务工规模及影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据对河南省农区十村11251 户农户的入户调查资料,认为农民外出务工的数量与规模是经济因素、家庭 因素和环境因素综合作用的结果。多元回归模型显示：①外出务工经济收益与成本、家庭人口状况、农户家庭经营 地、农户家庭生活性支出等正向影响农户外出务工的规模;②农区家庭劳动力文化状况中,初中及以下学历人数正 向影响农区外出务工的规模,高中及以上学历人数负向影响农区外出务工的规模;③环境因素中,经济水平因子对 农区外出务工规模的影响是正向的,地形、通达性和土地类型等三个因子对农区外出务工规模的影响是负向的。 相似文献
19.
基于2017年全国流动人口动态监测数据定量比较分析了乡?城和城?城流动人口落户意愿的影响因素及差异。研究发现：① 总体而言,城?城流动人口的落户意愿显著高于乡?城,户籍价值、社会融入对两类流动人口的落户意愿有显著影响,但影响程度在两类人群间存在差异。② 流出地的户籍价值显著阻碍了乡?城流动人口的落户意愿;流入地的户籍价值、经济方面的整合融入对城?城流动人口落户意愿的影响更显著。③ 户籍价值、社会融入对流动人口落户意愿的影响存在城市规模及流动距离分异。④ 产生上述差异的根本原因是不同户籍身份所塑造的价值观念和行为模式等的差异。 相似文献
20.
Kevin E. McHugh 《The Professional geographer》1984,36(3):315-325
Both short-term and long-term migration intentions are measured for a sample of 167 individuals. Migration intentions are explained in terms of life cycle factors, degree of attachment to the current community, and social psychological factors underlying the migration decision process, including perceived constraints to moving. Ties to specific places developed through a variety of life experiences are instrumental in shaping potential destinations for perspective migrants. Short-term migration intentions are an excellent predictor of subsequent behavior, including destination selection for those who migrate. 相似文献