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1.
高岭石的结晶有序度及其对纸张涂布粘浓度的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
粘浓度是纸张涂布的一项重要指标,测定的变化范围从46.4—72％。用Hinckley方法测定了高岭石的结晶度指数,从0.57变化至1.40。当粘浓度>67％时,结晶度指数>1。粘浓度<67％,结晶度指数<1,有序高岭石有利于粘浓度提高。随着结构无序化,晶粒变小,晶片变薄,比表面增加,晶体边缘和角易破损,使粘浓度降低。结构无序化破坏了颗粒的均匀性,使颗粒长/厚比增加,粘浓度降低。高岭石八面体中Fe~(3+)的存在一定程度上影响了有序度。 相似文献
2.
在野外地质工作、显微镜下观察、电子探针分析和差热分析的基础上,运用X射线衍射分析、红外光谱分析对印章石(以著名的昌化石为例)进行了谱学分析。昌化石主要矿物成分为高岭石族矿物,主要为迪开石及高岭石-迪开石过渡矿物。通过X射线衍射图谱分析计算其结晶度指数(HI)表明,高岭石族矿物的结晶有序度存在明显的高低变化。红外光谱特征显示,其中属于外部羟基振动的3 697cm-1谱峰强度(A)与属于内部羟基振动的3 620cm-1谱峰强度(B)的比值随着结晶度指数的降低有逐渐升高的趋势,且比值A/B的大小可以大致用来区分高岭石和迪开石:一般高岭石比值大于1,而迪开石小于1。差热分析的结果也印证了高岭石族矿物有序度高低变化的现象,如:高岭石族矿物在加热到400℃～700℃时会出现一个强烈尖锐的吸热峰,吸热峰的强度及温度与其有序度的高低存在正相关性。当主要组成矿物成分为较纯净的迪开石时,其有序度相对较高,透明度也较好;当主要矿物成分为高岭石-迪开石过渡矿物时,其有序度较低,透明度也较差。X射线衍射分析和红外光谱都是研究分析印章石的有效方法,但X射线分析通常为有损分析,且仪器使用条件相对较高;而红外光谱则可以无损且具有扫描时间短等... 相似文献
3.
福建龙岩风化型高岭土矿床中粘土矿物的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
福建龙岩高岭土矿床风化剖面各风化带有特征的粘士矿物组合。高岭矿物在风化剖面中由下而上逐渐增多,反映出花岗岩中原生矿物高岭土化程度逐渐加强的阶段性变化。高岭石结晶较差,以薄片状或具长石、云母假象的大于2um粒级出现。埃洛石为7或10型,多富集在小于2um粒级中。埃洛石结晶形态的多样性及多变性与矿物形成时的物质来源及水化状态有关。长石蚀变为高岭矿物,可以经由水铝英石向球状或管状埃洛石直到高岭石的转变、长石的固态转变和从溶液中直接结晶等几个途径。白云母的高岭土化能直接转变为具云母假象的高岭石。 相似文献
4.
龙岩高岭土矿床地质特征及成矿作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
福建龙岩高岭土矿床是蚀变花岗岩风化残余型矿床。花岗岩风化剖面具有明显的垂直分带性，各带有特征的粘土矿物组合、含量和化学组分。矿石矿物主要有高岭石、埃洛石、水白云母、石英及少量长石。高岭石的结晶有序度较低，粒度一般大于２μｍ。埃洛石粒度多小于２μｍ．龙岩高岭土矿石具有贫铁、钛和自然白度高的特征，属优质大型高岭土矿。其成矿作用经历了内生岩浆分异、热液蚀变和表生风化三大地质作用。 相似文献
5.
金洋、蒙西和雪纳高岭土化学成分以SiO2和Al2O3为主,K、Na、Ca、Mg含量低,而Fe、Ti含量较高;矿物成分以高岭石为主,还含有少量一水软铝石、石英、蒙脱石等。XRD和IR分析结果表明,金洋和蒙西高岭石的有序度较高,HI结晶指数分别为1.19和1.23,而雪纳高岭石的衍射峰峰形弥散,对称程度差,HI结晶指数仅有0.56。二甲基亚砜和甲酰胺与煤系高岭土相互作用后均能进入高岭石层间并撑大其晶面间距,其中金洋高岭土的插层率最高,雪纳次之,蒙西高岭土的插层效果最差。 相似文献
6.
鲁西南煤夹矸的矿物学特征研究及应用前景 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
对鲁西南上石炭统11层煤和7层煤夹矸的化学成分和矿物学特征进行了研究，结果表明，这两层煤夹矸属于硬质高岭土，成分接近于纯净的高岭石，伴生有石英、黄铁矿、少量长石及微量锆石和磷灰石等矿物。光学及扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析和红外分析等系统性研究的结果表明，高岭石主要有两种存在形式，一种呈蠕虫状集晶，另一种是隐晶质或胶状高岭石，测得其结晶指数分别为0．54—0．74和0．47—0．53，说明其有序度偏高；化学分析结果表明，其化学成分接近于高岭石的理论值，A1203含量达35％—37％，Si02含量为47％—48％，碱金属、碱土金属及其他氧化物含量很低。高岭石泥岩夹矸的矿物、化学成分及工艺物理性能表明：它是一种开采成本低、利用价值高的高岭土资源之一，不仅可作为优质陶瓷原料用来生产长石质瓷，也可用于生产聚合铝及4A分子筛，并且在矿物填料和其他工业部门也有广阔的开发应用前景。 相似文献
7.
广东化州大坡高岭土矿属花岗岩风化残积型矿床，矿石矿物成分简单，以高岭石和
石英为主，两者在拉级分布上差异明显，很易分选.精选后的高岭土中，高岭石含量可达91%，
石英为1%以下.高岭石有序度较高，晶形规则，大多以叠片状和蠕虫状产出，但经机械处理后
大部分可剥离成细小的高岭石单晶。矿石化学成分中Fe2O3, Ti02含量低，使高岭土具有较高的
自然白度.造纸涂布试验表明高岭土的涂布性能良好，涂布纸具较高的平滑度，但涂料粘度偏
高，这些性能和高岭石的矿物学特征有关. 相似文献
8.
台湾海峡表层沉积物中黏土矿物特征及物质来源 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用X射线衍射仪,对比分析台湾海峡及周边表层沉积物的黏土矿物特征,讨论长江、福建和台湾河流对海峡黏土矿物的贡献程度。福建河流（闽江）的黏土矿物以高岭石为主（>40％）,其次是伊利石（30％）和绿泥石,不含蒙脱石;长江和浙闽泥质区的黏土矿物特征是伊利石含量最高（61％～66％）,其次是绿泥石（16％～17％）和高岭石（10％～13％）,少量蒙脱石（6％～9％）。台湾河流（浊水溪）黏土矿物组合为伊利石（>70％）和绿泥石,不含高岭石和蒙脱石为特征。台湾海峡高岭石含量由西向东明显减少,说明高岭石主要来自福建的河流。〖JP2〗台湾海峡50 m等深线以东区域的黏土矿物具有高的伊利石和绿泥石含量,低的蒙脱石和高岭石含量,且伊利石的化学指数和结晶度值都明显低于长江和福建的河流,反映台湾河流的物质来源。在台湾暖流作用下,台湾河流为台湾海峡中北部提供了大量的伊利石和绿泥石。福建近海的黏土矿物主要是由福建河流提供的,但在平潭岛周边海域的黏土矿物可能有长江物质的混合。〖JP〗 相似文献
9.
在７５℃下系统地研究了蒙脱石、高岭石、以及蒙脱石和高岭石的复配矿物与７＃碱性驱替剂（ρＮａ２ＣＯ３＝１５ｇ·Ｌ－１）间的作用,采用分光光度法对反应后反应液中的硅铝元素质量密度进行了测定,并对两种矿物单独存在时的结果和共存时的进行了比较,结果表明因为蒙脱石在碱性驱替剂中容易析出硅元素,而高岭石在碱性驱替剂中容易析出铝元素,当二者共存时会相互抑制。并且,蒙脱石的存在会对高岭石析出铝元素产生很大的抑制作用,而高岭石的存在对蒙脱石析出硅元素的抑制作用较小,证明蒙脱石更容易与碱液反应而对整个反应起到控制作用。协同效应研究还表明,蒙脱石的作用与其质量不成比例,当加入很少的蒙脱石也会控制整个反应。这些研究对化学驱中化学剂损耗预测模型的建立具有重大的意义。 相似文献
10.
广东化州大坡高岭土矿属花岗岩风化残积型矿床,矿石矿物成分简单,以高岭石和石英为主,两者在粒级分布上差异明显,很易分选。精选后的高岭土中,高岭石含量可达91%,石英为1%以下。高岭石有序度较高,晶形规则,大多以叠片状和蠕虫状产出,但经机械处理后大部分可剥离成细小的高岭石单晶。矿石化学成分中Fe2O3,TiO2含量低,使高岭土具有较高的自然白度。造纸涂布试验表明高岭土的涂布性能良好,涂布纸具较高的平滑度,但涂料粘度偏高,这些性能和高岭石的矿物学特征有关。 相似文献
11.
煤系硬质高岭土因有机质、铁、钛等有害成分的影响,原矿白度较低,应用范围受到限制。通过超细粉碎—除有机质—还原除铁—焙烧等工艺深加工处理后,可得到白度＞８０％、粒度＜１μｍ大于９０％的高岭土精粉,产品档次大为提高。 相似文献
12.
Peter R. Buseck Edward Holdsworth G.Robert Scott 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1973,37(5):1249-1254
The Eaton ‘meteorite’ contains roughly 66 per cent Cu, 33 per cent Zn and <0.1 per cent Ni. In contrast, native Cu from other meteorites contains >90 per cent Cu, <5 per cent Zn and in those samples in which it could be measured, 0.4–2.4 per cent Ni. The major phases and inclusions of Eaton closely resemble those in commercial yellow brass. Eaton contains α and β Cu-Zn, small Pb inclusions around the Cu-Zn crystals and larger Ca aluminosilicate inclusions similar to those from sand casting molds. Based on these data Eaton does not appear to be a meteorite.Both meteoritic and terrestrial native copper are striking for their relatively high purity. Meteoritic Cu appears to be distinguishable from terrestrial material by its higher Ni contents. 相似文献
13.
Urs Krähenbühl John W. Morgan R. Ganapathy Edward Anders 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1973,37(5):1353-1370
Seventeen trace elements (Ag, Au, Bi, Br, Cd, Cs, Ge, In, Ir, Rb, Re, Sb, Se, Te, Tl, U and Zn) were measured by neutron activation analysis in 8 C1 samples (1 Alais, 3 Ivuna, 4 Orgueil) and in 3 C2 samples (one each of Mighei, Murchison, Murray). The results show far less scatter than earlier literature data. The standard deviation of a single measurement from the mean of 8 C1 samples lies between 2 and 14 per cent, except for the following 4 elements: Au ±18 per cent, Ag ±22 per cent, Rb ±19 per cent and Br ±33 per cent. The first two probably reflect contamination and sample heterogeneity, the last two, analytical error. Apparently C1 chondrites have a far more uniform composition than some authors have claimed.The new data suggest significant revisions in cosmic abundance for the following elements (old values in parentheses): Zn 1250 (1500), Cd 1.51 (2.12), Ir 0.72 (0.43) atoms/106 Si atoms. The Br value is also lower, 6.8 vs 20.6, but may be affected by analytical error.Relative to C1 chondrites, the C2 chondrites Mighei, Murchison and Murray are depleted in volatile elements by a factor of 0.508 ± 0.038, much more constant than indicated by oldor data. Ordinary chondrites also show a more uniform depletion relative to the new C1 data. The mean depletion factor of Sb, F, Cu, Ga, Ge, Sn, S, Se, Te and Ag is 0.227 ± 0.027 in H-chondrites. This constancy further strengthens the case for the two-component model of chondrite formation. 相似文献
14.
以淮南矿区远程卸压煤层气地面井抽采工程实践为依托,通过工程试验和系统分析,探讨了远程卸压煤层气地面井的产能特点及其影响因素。研究结果表明,远程卸压煤层气地面井的产能曲线可分为两个阶段,在较短时间内顺利完成第Ⅰ阶段的井才能有较高产能。研究还显示,煤层气地面井产能受地层结构和采动影响较大。在研究区,当地层结构为松散层厚度<406 m,基岩与松散层厚度比值>0.74,下保护层与被保护层间距为6670 m,且平均采高≤2.2 m,平均产煤低于3 898 t/d时,利于远程卸压煤层气地面井抽采;当松散层厚度>430 m,11-2煤和13-1煤层间距>74 m,基岩与松散层厚度比值<0.7时,卸压煤层气地面直井成功率较低,此时,可通过改变井位和优化井身结构来适应地层结构的变化,提高地面井抽采成功率。 相似文献
15.
Fission tracks and point defects in natural zircon are directly observed by a 1 MV electron microscope at atomic resolution for three types of samples adjusted to the 100 orientation. Lattice planes intersecting the fission tracks at high angles are distorted in a rather irregular manner over a wide region up to more than 100 Å wide. Diameter of the tracks, ranging from 25 Å to 40Å, is much narrower than those so far reported for the U-doped synthetic zircon (100–200 Å), UO2 thin film (100 Å), mica (66 Å, 240 Å) or fluorophlogopite (150 Å). The fact that fairly long tracks thousands of angstroms in length are observed in thin 100-oriented sample hundreds of angstroms in thickness and that some of them are nearly parallel to a low index lattice plane suggest a possible occurrence of channelling in the process of track formation. Parallel tracks often observed in chemically etched specimens support the idea of channelling. Slightly bent tracks are sometimes observed. It is concluded from computer simulation that many contrast anomalies of bright and dark spots in the lattice image are due to point defects of vacancies and interstitial atoms, mainly produced by the direct atomic collision with α-particles or by passage of ionizing nuclear particles. Optimum conditions of the observation of point defects with highest contrast are studied. One interstitial Zr atom or one Zr ion vacancy will give very low contrast and will be not detectable unless the crystal is less than two unit cells thick. A pair of Zr ion vacancies, however, yields extended detectable limit of thickness. Some of the observed defects are in good accordance with those simulated. 相似文献
16.
土石围堰中防渗墙的结构对坝基渗流量及坝体稳定性具有重要的影响,因此优化防渗墙的尺寸十分有必要。本文以珠江流域某水利枢纽工程施工中的土石围堰为例,采用有限元法,对防渗墙的厚度和嵌入弱风化层基岩的深度进行了优化研究,分别模拟了有防渗墙和无防渗墙两种情况下围堰的防渗效果,共设计了33种计算方案。将坝基单宽渗流量、防渗墙后作用水头、防渗墙底部和坝脚溢出点的水力比降分别与其允许值进行了对比分析,提出了防渗墙的优化尺寸。研究结果表明：防渗墙厚度的变化对防渗效果影响较小;增大防渗墙的入岩深度,可以有效控制本围堰工程的单宽渗流量和防渗墙后作用水头;防渗墙底部水力比降的变化与防渗墙入岩深度有关,当入岩深度在0~8 m时,水力比降随入岩深度的增大而减小并呈先快后慢的趋势,当入岩深度在8~12 m时,水力比降随入岩深度的增大而增大,超过10 m时水力比降骤增。考虑经济因素和施工的方便性,满足防渗设计要求的防渗墙最优设计参数为厚度0.8 m、嵌入弱风化层基岩深度2 m。 相似文献
17.
Experimental Study of Crystal-Liquid Relationships at High Pressures in Olivine Nephelinite and Basanite Compositions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The crystallization sequences in olivine-rich nephelinitic andbasanitic compositions have been experimentally studied underdry conditions at pressures up to 36 kb. Electron microprobeanalyses of olivines, clinopyroxenes, garnets, and orthopyroxenesenable calculation of possible crystal fractionation trendsfor these magmas at various pressures. Low-pressure fractionationis dominated by olivine and yields derivative liquids of highersilica content and showing rapid iron enrichment. At pressuresof 18–27 kb, fractionation is controlled by aluminousclinopyroxene with minor olivine or garnet. Derivative liquidsshow marked depletion in calcium accompanying silica depletionand increasing degree of undersaturation. .At pressures greaterthan 27 kb, crystal fractionation is controlled by garnet+clinopyroxeneseparation. Chemical analyses of these phases allow quantitativecalculations of possible fractionation which show that largedegrees of crystallization are required to produce quite smallchanges in silica content and in degree of undersaturation.In addition, fractionation by garnet and clinopyroxene separationis accompanied by depletion in calcium content in the more undersaturatedrocks and high degrees of crystallization are necessarily accompaniedby enrichment in iron relative to magnesium. These effects areinconsistent with the characteristics of natural magmas of mantlederivation in the range from alkali olivine basalts to olivinemelilitites. It is concluded that separation of garnet and clinopyroxeneunder upper mantle conditions does not produce the natural magmaseries from olivine-rich tholeiite to olivine nephelinite andolivine melilitite. The transient role of orthopyroxene overa very small P, T range in the melting interval of two of theexperimental compositions suggests that an olivine-rich basanitemay be developed by small degrees of partial melting of a sourcepyrolite under dry conditions at 60–80 km depth. Thisliquid, which would form in equilibrium with residual olivine,aluminous orthopyroxene, and aluminous clinopyroxene, wouldcontain approximately 5 per cent normative orthoclase, 5 percent albite, 12 per cent nepheline, 20 per cent anorthite, 22per cent diopside, and 31 per cent olivine. 相似文献
18.
膨胀土湿干胀缩裂隙演化及其定量分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
膨胀土是一种分布广泛且具有明显胀缩性的裂隙土,其裂纹萌生及裂隙扩展会受到诸多因素的影响。此试验利用基于MATLAB开发的图像处理与裂隙定量分析程序,研究了膨胀土裂隙开展的尺寸和温度效应。制备25个不同初始状态的膨胀土泥浆试样,利用拍照台对其失水收缩过程中试样表面裂隙演化过程以及对应含水率进行记录。运用裂隙定量分析程序,分别对两类效应单独作用、耦合作用下的膨胀土裂隙度 、长径比C、裂隙平均宽度 、分形维数值等指标进行定量化分析发现：膨胀土裂隙的分形维数值具有较好的稳定性,其指标仅受试样厚度轻微影响,分形维数与含水率ω的关系呈近似对数曲线;在失水收缩过程中膨胀土最终裂隙指标主要受到试样厚度的影响,表面尺寸对裂隙长径比、宽度最终值也有一定影响,温度影响主要体现在促使裂隙更早、更快的发育并稳定,对最终指标影响相对不明显,影响显著性顺序为：厚度>表面尺寸>温度;此外还对膨胀土失水收缩开裂过程机制进行分析,进一步研究膨胀土的裂隙发育以及两类效应对其裂隙扩展的影响规律。 相似文献
19.
Textures in Partially Solidified Crystalline Nodules: a Window into the Pore Structure of Slowly Cooled Mafic Intrusions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Holness Marian B.; Anderson Alfred T.; Martin Victoria M.; Maclennan John; Passmore Emma; Schwindinger Kathleen 《Journal of Petrology》2007,48(7):1243-1264
Abundant glass is present along grain boundaries in coarse-grained,glass-bearing, crystalline gabbroic and peridotitic nodulesentrained and erupted in lavas from Iceland, Santorini and MaunaLoa (Hawaii), even when the total porosity is less than a fewvolume per cent. The glass films vary from a few microns toa few tens of microns thick, and are associated with stringsof small lensoid grain boundary pockets formed by impingementduring crystal growth. Additional porosity occurs as extensiveliquid-filled pockets adjacent to included grains within oikocrystsand as large triangular pockets formed by impingement of planar-sidedgrains. Interstitial material within glass films, and the irregularityof film thickness along a single grain boundary, suggest thatthe present pore structure is representative of the pore structurebefore entrainment and eruption. Pore geometry is consistentwith a dominant control by crystal growth during solidification,with little or no evidence for control by minimization of internalenergies driven by textural equilibration. Similarities betweenliquid distribution in the crystalline nodules and that of late-stage,interstitial phases in fully solidified mafic cumulates fromthe Rum and Skaergaard intrusions demonstrate that the crystallinenodules provide information about the latest stages of solidificationin slowly cooled mafic plutons. The highly permeable networkof intersecting liquid films, lenses and pockets may promotein situ crystallization in the solidifying mush, explainingthe common presence of adcumulates in such intrusions. KEY WORDS: textures; liquid distribution; mafic cumulates; crystalline nodules 相似文献