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1980年和1981年夏季及其前期冬春季太平洋和印度洋海温均未出现显著异常。然而,这两年东亚夏季风环流的季节内变化却呈现显著异常,且截然不同,具体表征为:1980年西太平洋副热带高压（副高）第一次北跳异常偏早,第二次北跳异常偏晚,而1981年则相反,第一次北跳接近气候态,第二次北跳却异常偏早。就副高两次北跳过程而言,其直接原因也有显著差异:1980年副高两次北跳主要受热带西太平洋对流增强的影响,而1981年两次北跳则是由于热带西太平洋对流增强后所激发的极向传播的Rossby波列与中高纬度东传的Rossby波的锁相作用造成的。与北跳过程相比,副高北跳前后环流稳定维持的时间长短显得更为重要。研究表明,1980年夏季副高异常程度之所以堪比1983年和1998年强El Ni?o衰减年,主要是由于不同阶段南半球环流和北半球中高纬度环流的相互配合与接力,其中,6月和8月副高异常偏强对夏季平均副高异常偏强起到主要贡献,但二者的影响因子不同:6月主要受马斯克林高压（马高）偏强的影响,而8月则与澳大利亚高压（澳高）异常偏强有关。此外,7月和8月副高异常偏南是因为鄂霍茨克海阻塞高压长期维持。与1980年相比,1981年夏季马高和澳高均异常偏弱,因而南半球环流对副高异常的影响有限。北半球中高纬度环流的季节内变化对该年夏季副高的快速北进和南退起主导作用,特别是8月中高纬度盛行强烈的经向环流,使得副高异常偏东偏弱,从而导致夏季平均副高异常偏东偏弱。本文的个例分析表明,在无显著海温异常强迫的年份需要特别关注南半球环流和北半球中高纬度环流对副高及与之相关的东亚夏季风环流的季节内演变的影响,但是这些环流因子持续性较差,难以用于跨季度预测。 相似文献
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１９９６年北半球主要环流特征是：５００ｈＰａ西太平洋副高偏弱，脊线位置初夏偏北，盛夏西端持续偏南；亚洲西风带后冬至初春经向环流明显发展，７月亚洲中纬度地区常有阻塞形势维持，５００ｈＰａ青藏高原位势高度偏高，夏季南支印缅槽较弱。 相似文献
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文章通过对1951—2010年NECP/NCAR再分析逐日资料的分析,发现西太平洋副热带高压存在明显的季节性变化。夏季,副热带高压(以下简称副高)脊线出现两次显著的北跳,而且均伴随着副高强度指数的降低和西伸脊点的东退。脊线北跳过程也影响着东亚大气环流系统,南亚高压与西风急流在副高北跳后均同时减弱。但两次北跳过程仍然存在各自的特点:第一次副高脊线北跳时受到高纬地区纬向型环流调整与中低纬环流变化的共同影响,而第二次副高脊线北跳则主要受中低纬环流调整(太平洋负EAP事件)的影响。 相似文献
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副热带高压季节性北跳的诊断研究 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
用ＣＥＯＦ、功率谱，带通滤波等方法的１９８８年，１９９１年５￣７月逐日２．５°×２．５°５００ｈＰａ位势高度场资料对北半球副絷带高压季节性北跳进行了诊断研究，得出：副热带高压季节性北跳及西传是全球现象；副高发生季节性跳动的源主要位于阿拉海地区和中太平洋地区，汇主要位于东太平洋地区；副高的季节性跳动主要是扰动场的作用，低频振荡在副高的季节性跳动及西传中起举足轻重的作用，各年副高季节性跳动的差异是扰源 相似文献
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季节内振荡影响西太平洋副热带高压两次北跳的机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
夏季期间,西太平洋副热带高压（简称副高）存在两次明显的北跳,其中第一次北跳导致华南前汛期结束、江淮梅雨建立,而第二次北跳则意味着江淮梅雨结束、华北雨季开始。本文基于观测资料和再分析数据,利用快速傅里叶变换和合成分析方法,深入探讨不同时间尺度季节内振荡对气候态和异常年副高两次北跳的影响机制。结果表明:在季节内尺度上,平常年和异常年影响副高两次北跳的季节内振荡的主导周期不同。气候态上,以10~20天和准60天为主;第一次北跳异常年和第二次北跳偏早年,以30~60天为主;第二次北跳偏晚年,则呈现出10~20天和30~60天两个主导周期。不论气候态还是异常年,东亚—热带西北太平洋地区低频振荡在年循环背景下均呈现出明显的北传特征,这是导致副高发生两次北跳的重要原因之一。而印度季风区低频振荡在东北向传播过程中所引起的西风东伸是造成副高第一次北跳更为明显的原因。源自澳大利亚高压的冷空气入侵所激发的暖池对流的准双周振荡则是造成气候态和偏晚年副高第二次北跳更为显著的原因。由于前期春季西北印度洋海温出现异常,造成局地低频振荡发生位相迁移,进而导致副高第一次北跳发生异常。而副高第二次北跳异常则是因为ENSO改变了暖池地区季节内振荡的尺度和振幅所造成的。 相似文献
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１９９４年夏季陕西省天气异常，发生了历史上罕见的南旱北涝灾害。本文对造成这种灾害的主要影响系统西太平洋副高进行了分析，发现１９９４年副高有３次明显的北跳过程．且北跳时间早，到达３０°Ｎ的时间较历年提前１个月。平均脊线偏北３个纬距，平均酉伸脊点偏西９个经距，副高面积指数和强度指数为近４４年来同期最大。７～８月副高脊线稳定在３０°Ｎ以北形成了我省南旱北涝的环流特征。 相似文献
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文章分析了１９５３年以来１３次ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件发生年的次年盛夏（７～８月）西太平洋副高候平均脊线（１００°～１５０°Ｅ）的季节性北进过程,把７～８月１２个候中候平均脊线越过２５°Ｎ的候数至少在７个以上的北进过程定义为超常北进型,在７个以下的北进过程定义为滞后北进型．对应超常北进型,中国夏季往往为南北两支雨带,位于黄河流域及其以北的北方雨带一般为主要雨带,滞后北进型主要雨带通常位于长江流域或沿江江南地区．１９５３年以来较著名的长江洪水年大都发生在滞后型背景下．就同期关系而言,东亚阻塞高压的出现与否及其出现后维持时间的长短可能是造成副高两种不同形式季节性北进过程的重要因素．就前后期关系而言,春季５００ｈＰａ距平场上东亚地区从高纬到低纬的正、负、正波列分布可能是预测盛夏副高季节性北进过程的重要信息;其中４～５月西太平洋副高和南海高压的活动特征可以作为预测盛夏副高季节性北进过程及中国雨型的重要判据 相似文献
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2006年北半球大气环流及对中国气候异常的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
2006年，赤道中东太平洋经历了一次从La Nina状态到El-Nino事件的过程。500hPa高度场上，欧亚中高纬度地区前冬为经向型环流，后冬亚洲地区盛行纬向环流；夏、秋季，亚洲高纬度地区为经向型环流而中纬度为纬向环流，这种环流形势不利于冷空气南下，导致我国2006年的夏、秋季变得异常暖。2006年西太平洋副热带高压面积偏大、强度偏强且西伸脊点异常偏西。夏季没有出现持续性的较强的阻塞形势，从而使长江中下游地区降水较常年同期偏少，梅雨较弱。东亚夏季风异常偏强。2005／2006年冬季，青藏高原温度异常偏高，各季的高度场也较常年同期偏高，这有利于副高的加强西伸，而7-8月、10月太平洋暖池区对流活动强盛，为热带气旋的生成发展提供了有利的动力条件，并在副高的引导下多为西行路径。 相似文献
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SEASONAL VARIATION OF RAINFALL OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU DURING SUMMER 1998 AND ITS IMPACT ON EAST ASIAN WEATHER 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The seasonal variation of rainy season over the Tibetan Plateau in summer 1998 is analyzed byusing daily observational rainfall data for Lhasa from 1955 to 1996,and rainfall data at 70 stationsfrom January to August of 1998 over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and adjacent regions,as well asTBB data from May to August of 1998.The onset date of rainy season for Lhasa is climatologically6 June.Among the analyzed years,the earliest onset date is 6 May,while the latest may delay to2 July.The obvious inter-decadal variation can be found in the series of onset date.The onset dateof summer 1998 over middle TP (onset date of Lhasa) is 24 June,which is relatively later than thenormal case.The onset for rainy season of 1998 started over southeast and northeast parts of TP and thenpropagated westward and northward.The convection over east and west parts of TP shows thatthere is a quasi 12-15 day oscillation.In June,the convection over middle and lower reaches ofYangtze River is formed by the westward propagation of convection over subtropical westernPacific.while in July.it is formed by the eastward propagation of convection over TP.Besides,it is also found that there exists good negative and obvious advance and lagcorrelation between the convection over the middle and western TP and that over the subtropicalwestern Pacific and southern China.Therefore it can be inferred that a feedback zonal circulationwith a quasi two-three week oscillation exists between the ascending region of TP and descendingregion of subtropical western Pacific,i.e.the convection over TP may affect the subtropical highover western Pacific and vice versa. 相似文献
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SEASONAL VARIATION OF RAINFALL OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU DURING SUMMER 1998 AND ITS IMPACT ON EAST ASIAN WEATHER* 
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下载免费PDF全文 The seasonal variation of rainy season over the Tibetan Plateau in summer 1998 is analyzed by using daily observational rainfall data for Lhasa from 1955 to 1996,and rainfall data at 70 stations from January to August of 1998 over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and adjacent regions,as well as TBB data from May to August of 1998.The onset date of rainy season for Lhasa is climatologically 6 June.Among the analyzed years,the earliest onset date is 6 May,while the latest may delay to 2 July.The obvious inter-decadal variation can be found in the series of onset date.The onset date of summer 1998 over middle TP (onset date of Lhasa) is 24 June,which is relatively later than the normal case.The onset for rainy season of 1998 started over southeast and northeast parts of TP and then propagated westward and northward.The convection over east and west parts of TP shows that there is a quasi 12-15 day oscillation.In June,the convection over middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River is formed by the westward propagation of convection over subtropical western Pacific.while in July.it is formed by the eastward propagation of convection over TP.Besides,it is also found that there exists good negative and obvious advance and lag correlation between the convection over the middle and western TP and that over the subtropical western Pacific and southern China.Therefore it can be inferred that a feedback zonal circulation with a quasi two-three week oscillation exists between the ascending region of TP and descending region of subtropical western Pacific,i.e.the convection over TP may affect the subtropical high over western Pacific and vice versa. 相似文献
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热带海表温度持续异常对东亚初夏大气环流的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
利用NCEP/NCAR月平均海表温度及北半球大气环流分析资料,系统研究了热带海洋表面温度持续异常状况下东亚初夏（5、6月份）大气环流的异常特征.研究发现,暖海温年,南亚高压、西太平洋副热带高压明显偏强,冷海温年明显偏弱;暖海温年,欧亚大陆南支西风急流明显减弱北移,东亚大陆对流层低层温度偏高或接近常年,青藏高原近地面温度偏高,而冷海温年,东亚大陆对流层低层温度偏低,5月份青藏高原近地面温度偏低.研究表明,海表温度的持续异常对东亚初夏大气环流的季节转换有重要影响. 相似文献
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利用NCEP/NCAR发布的850 hPa风场和OLR场以及福建38个站月降水资料, 分析了福建夏季旱涝与东亚夏季风及西太平洋副高的关系。结果表明夏季旱涝与夏季风强弱及副高南北位置密切相关。涝 (旱) 年在东亚季风系统中的热带季风环流出现异常加强 (减弱), 副热带季风环流则出现异常减弱 (加强); 涝年副高平均脊线位置偏北于27°N附近, 旱年则偏南于24°N附近; 由春入夏, 再由夏入秋副高南北位置的季节位移, 涝年先是急速北跳, 而后又急速南撤, 旱年却进退平缓。旱涝年东亚中高纬度环流亦表现出不同特征, 涝 (旱) 年一般没有 (有) 出现阻塞形势, 中纬度纬 (经) 向环流发展, 副热带锋区北抬 (南压), 研究还进一步揭示了夏季副高位置南北偏离影响夏季各月降水及其分布的不同形式。 相似文献
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This study investigates the influences of boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO), which originates from the equatorial Indian Ocean and prevails over the Indo-Pacific region, on precipitation over Southeast China, including South China and Yangtze River Valley. The results indicate that the BSISO-related precipitation anomalies are remarkably different between early summer (May–June) and late summer (July–August). The BSISO-related precipitation anomalies tend to appear more northward in late summer in comparison with early summer. Accordingly, the BSISO is significantly related to precipitation anomalies over South China during many phases in early summer but related to very weak anomalies during all the phases in late summer. Such northward shifts of precipitation anomalies from early summer to late summer are clearest during phases 4 and 7, when the lower-tropospheric anticyclonic and cyclonic circulation anomalies dominate over the subtropical western North Pacific, respectively. Finally, we explain the differences between early and late summers through the seasonal northward migration of climatological equivalent potential temperature gradient, which is located in the South China during early summer but migrates northward to the YRV during late summer. 相似文献
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利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料, 选择了1998年、2003年和2005年夏季我国东部雨带位置变化过程进行诊断分析。研究表明:夏季我国东部暴雨带位置的变动, 受西太平洋副热带高压西伸北跳 (南撤东退) 的调节。当副热带高压西伸北跳 (南撤东退) 时, 暴雨带向北 (向南) 移动。在副热带高压西伸北跳持续时期, 长江流域中下游地区出现高温酷暑天气。副热带高压西伸北跳是由于欧亚大陆上空存在静止Rossby波列, 波的能量沿着高空副热带急流向东传播到我国沿海海岸 (115°~130°E) 时, 在该地区激发出一个长波脊。这个长波脊的建立, 使得副热带高压和对流层上部的青藏高压都朝长波脊方向伸展, 表现为“相向”而行。而当在沿海海岸上空激发出一个长波槽时, 副热带高压南撤东退而青藏高压退回到高原上空。当夏季沿海海岸上空的长波脊持续维持时, 长江中下游会出现持久的高温酷暑天气。根据夏季天气预报的经验, 欧洲中期数值预报中心发布的预报对副热带高压的西伸北跳有较好的可预报性。 相似文献
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The 2016 summer floods in China and associated physical mechanisms: A comparison with 1998 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Yuan Yuan Hui Gao Weijing Li Yanju Liu Lijuan Chen Bin Zhou Yihui Ding 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2017,31(2):261-277
The characteristics of droughts and floods in China during the summers (May–August) of 2016 and 1998 were compared in great detail, together with the associated atmospheric circulations and external-forcing factors. Following results are obtained. (1) The precipitation was mostly above normal in China in summer 2016, with two main rainfall belts located in the Yangtze River valley (YRV) and North China. Compared with 1998, a similar rainfall belt was located over the YRV, with precipitation 100% and more above normal. However, the seasonal processes of Meiyu were different. A typical “Secondary Meiyu” occurred in 1998, whereas dry conditions dominated the YRV in 2016. (2) During May–July 2016, the Ural high was weaker than normal, but it was stronger than normal in 1998. This difference resulted from fairly different distributions of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the North Atlantic Ocean during the preceding winter and spring of the two years. (3) Nonetheless, tropical and subtropical circulation systems were much more similar in May–July of 2016 and 1998. The circulation systems in both years were characterized by a stronger than normal and more westward-extending western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), a weaker than normal East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), and anomalous convergence of moisture flux in the mid and lower reaches of the YRV. These similar circulation anomalies were attributed to the similar tropical SSTA pattern in the preceding seasons, i.e., the super El Niño and strong warming in the tropical Indian Ocean. (4) Significant differences in the circulation pattern were observed in August between the two years. The WPSH broke up in August 2016, with its western part being combined with the continental high and persistently dominating eastern China. The EASM suddenly became stronger, and dry conditions prevailed in the YRV. On the contrary, the EASM was weaker in August 1998 and the “Secondary Meiyu” took place in the YRV. The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) was extremely active in August 2016 and stayed in western Pacific for 25 days. It triggered frequent tropical cyclone activities and further influenced the significant turning of tropical and subtropical circulations in August 2016. In contrast, the MJO was active over the tropical Indian Ocean in August 1998, conducive to the maintenance of a strong WPSH. Alongside the above oceanic factors and atmospheric circulation anomalies, the thermal effect of snow cover over the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau from the preceding winter to spring in 2016 was much weaker than that in 1998. This may explain the relatively stronger EASM and more abundant precipitation in North China in 2016 than those in 1998. 相似文献
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2020年夏季我国天气气候极为异常,全国平均降水量为373.0 mm,较常年同期偏多14.7%,为1961年以来次多;季节内阶段性特征显著,6—7月多雨带主要位于江南大部—江淮地区,8月则主要在东北、华北及西南地区,致使2020年夏季雨型分布异常,不是传统认识上的四类雨型分布。通过对同期大气环流和热带海温等异常特征分析发现,6—7月,欧亚中高纬环流表现为“两脊一槽”型,东亚副热带夏季风异常偏弱,西太平洋副热带高压(以下简称西太副高)较常年同期显著偏强、偏西,第一次季节性北跳偏早,第二次北跳明显偏晚,且表现出明显的准双周振荡特征;使得来自西北太平洋的转向水汽输送偏强,并与中高纬不断南下的冷空气活动相配合,水汽通量异常辐合区主要位于长江中下游地区,导致江淮梅雨异常偏多。热带印度洋持续偏暖对维持6—7月西太副高偏强偏西及东亚夏季风异常偏弱起到了重要作用。8月,欧亚中高纬环流调整为“两槽一脊”型,蒙古低压活跃;西太副高也由前期偏纬向型的带状分布转为“块状”分布,脊线位置偏北;沿西太副高外围的异常西南风水汽输送延伸至华北—东北南部,形成自西南到东北的异常多雨带,与6—7月江淮流域降水异常偏多的空间分布有明显不同。异常的热带大气季节内振荡活动是导致8月中低纬大气环流发生调整的重要原因。 相似文献
20.
2006年杭嘉湖平原夏秋天气异常分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2006年杭嘉湖平原出现夏季特长、秋季极短,梅雨量极少、高温天数多、夏旱连秋旱的气候异常现象,对大气环流进行分析发现,西太平洋副高持续偏强偏西,北半球极涡偏弱,冷空气活动偏北,亚洲地区盛行纬向环流.区域气候的异常与大气环流的季节转换异常有关,并且大气环流的异常可以追溯到其前期环流的异常.2006年前冬和春季中高纬度较强的经向环流和持续偏强的副热带高压使得该年夏季副高继续偏强,并且春季的这一环流异常现象,导致秋季大气环流向冬季过渡较快.对涡动高度的分析表明,5月平流层正中心的异常两移、6～7月平流层持续分裂出两个正中心,以及9月正中心的异常增强,预示和促进了夏季低层大气环流的异常发展,从而夏季偏长、夏秋季节转换推迟;11月冷低压的异常增强南压和暖高压的突然减弱,使秋冬季节转换较快,从而秋季极短. 相似文献